Henry Heimlich

Henry J. Heimlich
Born Henry Judah Heimlich
(1920-02-03) February 3, 1920
Wilmington, Delaware
Education M.D., Cornell University
Years active 1943–present
Known for Abdominal thrusts ("Heimlich maneuver")
Flutter valve

Medical career

Profession Physician and medical researcher
Institutions Deaconess Associations (Heimlich Institute)
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
Notable prizes Lasker Award (1984)
Engineering and Science Hall of Fame (1985)
American Academy of Achievement Award (1985)
Safety and Health Hall of Fame (1993)

Henry Judah Heimlich (born February 3, 1920) is an American thoracic surgeon widely credited as the inventor of the Heimlich maneuver,[1] a technique of abdominal thrusts for stopping choking,[2] described in Emergency Medicine in 1974.[3] Other medical inventions include the Micro Trach portable oxygen system for ambulatory patients[4] and the Heimlich Chest Drain Valve, or "flutter valve," which drains blood and air out of the chest cavity.[5]

Personal life

Henry Heimlich was born in Wilmington, Delaware, to Jewish parents Philip and Mary (Epstein) Heimlich. He graduated from New Rochelle High School (NY) in 1937 and from Cornell University (where he served as drum major of the Cornell Big Red Marching Band) with a B.A. in 1941. He received his M.D. from the Weill Cornell Medical College in 1943. On June 4, 1951, Heimlich married Jane Murray, daughter of ballroom-dancing entrepreneur Arthur Murray. Heimlich's wife coauthored a book on homeopathy with Maesimund B. Panos called "Homeopathic Medicine at Home."[6] She also wrote What Your Doctor Won't Tell You, which advocates chelation therapy and other alternative therapies.

Heimlich and his wife had four children: Phil Heimlich, a former Cincinnati elected official turned conservative Christian radio talk-show host; Peter Heimlich, whose website describes what he alleges to be his father's "wide-ranging, unseen 50-year history of fraud";[7] Janet Heimlich, a freelance reporter; and Elisabeth Heimlich.

Heimlich is the uncle of Anson Williams, who is known for his portrayal of Warren "Potsie" Weber on the 70s hit TV show Happy Days.[8]

Heimlich's memoir, Heimlich's Maneuvers: My Seventy Years Of Lifesaving Innovation was published in 2014 by Prometheus Books.[9]

The Heimlich maneuver

External audio
Heimlich's Maneuver, Radiolab, includes an interview with Dr. Heimlich, produced by Pat Walters
Main article: Abdominal thrusts

Heimlich first published his views about the maneuver in a June 1974 informal article in Emergency Medicine entitled, "Pop Goes the Cafe Coronary". On June 19, 1974, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer reported that retired restaurant-owner Isaac Piha used the procedure to rescue a choking victim, Irene Bogachus, in Bellevue, Washington.

From 1976 to 1985, the choking-rescue guidelines of the American Heart Association and of the American Red Cross taught rescuers to first perform a series of backblows to remove the FBAO (foreign body airway obstruction); if backblows failed, then rescuers learned to proceed with the Heimlich maneuver (aka "abdominal thrusts"). After a July 1985 American Heart Association conference, backblows were removed from choking-rescue guidelines. From 1986 to 2005, the published guidelines of the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross recommended only the Heimlich maneuver as the treatment for choking; the NIH still does for conscious persons over one year of age,[10] as does the NSC.[11]

The choking-rescue guidelines[12] published by the American Heart Association ceased referring to "the Heimlich maneuver" and instead called the procedure "abdominal thrusts". The new guidelines stated that chest thrusts and back blows may also deal with choking effectively.

In Spring 2006, the American Red Cross "downgraded" the use of the Heimlich maneuver,[13] essentially returning to the pre-1986 guidelines. For conscious victims, the new guidelines (nicknamed "the five and five"), recommend first applying five backblows; if this method fails to remove the airway obstruction, rescuers will then apply five abdominal thrusts. For unconscious victims, the new guidelines recommend chest thrusts, a method first recommended in a 1976 study by Charles Guildner,[14] with results duplicated in a year 2000 study by Audun Langhelle.[15] The 2006 guidelines also eliminated the phrase "Heimlich maneuver" and replaced it with "abdominal thrust".[16]

Allegations of case fraud have dogged Heimlich's promotion of abdominal thrusts as a treatment for drowning.[17] The 2005 drowning rescue guidelines of the American Heart Association[18] did not include citations of Heimlich's work and warn against the use of the Heimlich maneuver for drowning rescue as unproven and dangerous, due to its risk of vomiting leading to aspiration.[18]

In 2003, Heimlich's colleague Dr. Edward Patrick issued a press-release portraying himself as the uncredited co-developer of the maneuver.[19][20] "I would like to get proper credit for what I've done...but I'm not hyper about it."

Heimlich used the maneuver himself for the second time on Monday May 23, 2016, almost 42 years after his work was published, successfully saving the life of a fellow resident of his Senior Living community, Patty Ris.[21][22] He told the BBC in 2003 that he had used it for the first time on a man choking in a restaurant when he was about 80 years old.[23]

Heimlich valve

Main article: Flutter valve

In 1963, Heimlich introduced a chest drainage flutter valve (also called the Heimlich valve).[23] He claims his inspiration came from seeing a Chinese soldier die from a bullet wound to the chest during World War II. The design of the valve allows air and blood to drain from the chest cavity in order to allow a collapsed lung to re-expand.

Malariotherapy

From the early 1980s, Heimlich advocated malariotherapy, the deliberate infection of a person with benign malaria in order to treat ailments such as cancer, Lyme disease and (more recently) HIV. As of 2009 the treatments were unsuccessful, and attracted criticism as both scientifically unsound and dangerous.[24] The United States Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have rejected malariotherapy and, along with health professionals and advocates for human rights, consider the practice "atrocious".[25][26] The Heimlich Institute, a subsidiary of Deaconess Associations of Cincinnati, conducted malariotherapy trials in Ethiopia, though the Ethiopian Ministry of Health was unaware of the activity. Reportedly the trials were supervised by Mekbib Wondewassen, an Ethiopian immigrant who works as a car rental agent in the San Francisco area. Heimlich claims that his initial trials with seven subjects produced positive results, but refused to provide details.[24] The experiments had no institutional review board oversight.[20]

Studies in Africa, where both HIV and malaria occur commonly, indicate that malaria/HIV co-infection increases viral load and that malaria could increase the rate of spread of HIV as well as accelerate disease progression.[27] Based on such studies, Paul Farmer described the idea of treating HIV with malaria by stating “it seems improbable. The places where malaria takes its biggest toll are precisely those in which HIV reaps its grim harvest”.[28]

References

  1. ↑ "Henry Heimlich's Contributions". Infoplease.com. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Choking: First aid". Mayo Clinic. October 13, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  3. ↑ Markel, Howard (June 16, 2014). "How Dr. Heimlich got his maneuver 40 years ago". PBS.org. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  4. ↑ Heimlich, H. J. (1988). "Oxygen delivery for ambulatory patients. How the Micro-Trach increases mobility". Postgraduate Medicine. 84 (6): 68–73, 77–9. PMID 3054848.
  5. ↑ 4009 Heimlich valve 2005
  6. ↑ "Homeopathic Medicine at Home". Narayanna Verlag. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  7. ↑ Outmaneuvered: How we busted the Heimlich medical frauds
  8. ↑ Williams, Anson. "Trivia". Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Prometheus Books".
  10. ↑ "Choking - adult or child over 1 year". Medline Plus. NIH. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Choking". National Safety Council. NSC. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  12. ↑ International Consensus On Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) Science With Treatment Recommendations (2005). "Section 1: Part 2: Adult Basic Life Support". Circulation. 112 (III): 5–16. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166472 (inactive 2015-01-13). Retrieved May 2, 2005.
  13. ↑ "The American Red Cross Unveils Innovative New First Aid and CPR/AED Training Programs". American Red Cross. April 4, 2006. Retrieved May 3, 2008.DEAD LINK
  14. ↑ Guildner CW, Williams D, Subitch T; Williams; Subitch (September 1976). "Airway obstructed by foreign material: the Heimlich maneuver". JACEP. 5 (9): 675–7. doi:10.1016/S0361-1124(76)80099-8. PMID 1018395.
  15. ↑ Langhelle A, Sunde K, Wik L, Steen PA; Sunde; Wik; Steen (April 2000). "Airway pressure with chest compressions versus Heimlich manoeuvre in recently dead adults with complete airway obstruction". Resuscitation. 44 (2): 105–8. doi:10.1016/S0300-9572(00)00161-1. PMID 10767497.
  16. ↑ "The American Red Cross 2005 Guidelines for Emergency Care and Education" (PDF). American Red Cross. 2005. pp. 1–31. Retrieved May 3, 2008.
  17. ↑ Heimlich's son cites Dallas case in dispute. Wilkes-Barre News, August 22, 2007
  18. 1 2 "Part 10.3: Drowning". Circulation. American Heart Association. 112 (24): 133–135. November 25, 2005. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.166565. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
  19. ↑ Patrick, EM (May 28, 2005). "Dr. Edward A. Patrick & Dr. Henry J. Heimlich Regarding the Heimlich maneuver". The Patrick Institute (via The Wayback Machine). Archived from the original on June 5, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
  20. 1 2 Francis, T (November 10, 2005). "Outmaneuvered, Part I". Radar (magazine). Archived from the original on November 24, 2005. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  21. ↑ "At 96, Dr. Heimlich finally uses his life-saving technique". Cincinnati.com. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Dr Heimlich saves choking woman with manoeuvre he invented". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
  23. 1 2 Elliott, J (March 9, 2003). "Heimlich: Still saving lives at 83". BBC. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  24. 1 2 Zengerle, Jason (April 23, 2007). "The Choke Artist". The New Republic. pp. 23–36.
  25. ↑ Anglen, Robert (February 16, 2003). "Scientists linked to Heimlich investigated: Experiment infects AIDS patients in China with malaria". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved January 27, 2008.
  26. ↑ "Heimlich's Audacious Maneuver". Los Angeles Times. October 30, 1994. Retrieved January 27, 2008.
  27. ↑ Abu-Raddad L, Patnaik P, Kublin J; Patnaik; Kublin (2006). "Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa". Science. 314 (5805): 1603–6. Bibcode:2006Sci...314.1603A. doi:10.1126/science.1132338. PMID 17158329.
    Kublin JG; Patnaik, P; Jere, CS; Miller, William C; Hoffman, Irving F; Chimbiya, Nelson; Pendame, Richard; Taylor, Terrie E; Molyneux, Malcolm E (2005). "Effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on concentration of HIV-1-RNA in the blood of adults in rural Malawi: a prospective cohort study". The Lancet. 365 (9455): 233–40. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17743-5. PMID 15652606.
  28. ↑ Nierengarten MB (June 2003). "Malariotherapy to treat HIV patients?". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 3 (6): 321. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00642-X. PMID 12781493.

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