Herbert Poore

Herbert Poore
Bishop of Salisbury
Elected	c. 5 May 1194
Term ended	1217
Predecessor	Hubert Walter
Successor	Richard Poore
Other posts	Archdeacon of Canterbury
Orders
Consecration	5 June 1194
Personal details
Died	1217
Denomination	Catholic

Herbert Poore or Poor (Norman: Hubert or Herbert le Poer;^[1] died 1217), also known as Herbert of Ilchester and Herbert Pauper, was a medieval English clergyman who held the post of Bishop of Salisbury during the reigns of Richard I and John.^[2]

Life

Poore was probably the son of Richard of Ilchester, also known as Richard Toclive, who served as Bishop of Winchester.^[3] He was the brother of Richard Poore, who succeeded him as bishop.^[4] He may have served under his father in the exchequer but is first recorded as an archdeacon of Canterbury in 1175.^[2]^[5] He was initially one of a trio in the office but, in 1180, Archbishop Richard reversed himself and left Herbert the sole archdeacon for the area. At some point, he also became a canon of Lincoln and Salisbury, entitling him to their prebends.^[2]

In his capacity as archdeacon of Canterbury, Herbert enthroned Walter de Coutances as bishop of Lincoln on 11 December 1183. In July the next year, he was one of the men charged by Henry II to instruct the monks of Christ Church, Canterbury, to elect his favorite Bishop Baldwin of Worcester as Richard's successor.^[2] From 1185 to 1188, he directed the income of the vacant see of Salisbury and, in May 1186, the chapter at Lincoln elected him to succeed Walter as their bishop. The king refused his consent. The chapter at Salisbury then elected him to succeed Bishop Joscelin. The king assented on 14 September 1186 but the minority appealed to the pope owing to Herbert's birth to his father's concubine.^[2] (The position was ultimately taken up by Hubert Walter.) On 29 September 1186 he officiated the enthronement of Hugh as bishop of Lincoln and, in May 1193, he appealed to the pope against Hubert Walter's elevation as archbishop of Canterbury, as the king was in captivity and the bishops had not been present at his election.^[2] Instead, Celestine presented Hubert with his pallium, the symbol of his new office, and he was enthroned at Canterbury on 7 November.^[6]

The canons of Salisbury unanimously elected Herbert as Hubert's successor around 5 May 1194,^[7] and the archbishop confirmed the result on 29 April. Herbert was only in deacon's orders at the time; he was ordained as a priest on 4 June,^[3] the day before Hubert consecrated him in St Katherine's Chapel at Westminster. He was enthroned at Salisbury on 13 June.^[2] In December 1197, Herbert joined St Hugh of Lincoln in denying the king 300 knights for a year's service^[8] in his French wars;^[9] when Archbishop Hubert made the same request at the Council of Oxford in February of the next year, they successfully resisted.^[2] By the king's orders, all of Herbert's English lands were then seized, until he left to visit Richard personally in Normandy.^[9] He was permitted to return to England with his lands and title in June^[2] upon payment of a large fine. It was Herbert's idea to move the see from Old Sarum to the Salisbury Plain and he received permission from Richard to that effect, but the plan had to be abandoned after King John came to the throne.^[9] It was left to Herbert's brother and successor, Richard, to carry it out decades later, founding modern Salisbury in the process.

Bishop Herbert attended King John's coronation on 27 May 1199. On 19 September 1200, he served as a papal delegate at the reconciliation of Archbishop Geoffrey and the chapter of York at Westminster and, on 22 November, he was present when the king of Scotland paid homage to John at Lincoln. He was summoned to John in Normandy on 14 December 1201. He received six tuns of wine on 2 January 1205.

In 1207, the dispute over the appointment of the new archbishop of Canterbury caused Herbert and Bishop Gilbert of Rochester to flee to Scotland. By 27 May 1208, Herbert appears to have returned to Ramsbury but, the next year, Pope Innocent III wrote to him concerning John's failure to pay Richard's widow Berengaria her pension (21 January) and then directed him, along with Bishop Gilbert, to publish the interdict against John.^[2] The king was then excommunicated and Herbert again fled to Scotland.^[3] In 1212, he and Bishop Gilbert were instructed to release them from their oaths of allegiance to John.^[2] In May 1213, John capitulated; Herbert's lands and revenues were ordered restored to him on 18 July.^[3]

Herbert died in 1217. Sources variously place the date on February 6 or May 9^[2] while it was commemorated at Salisbury on 7 January.^[3]^[7] He was not buried at the cathedral church but at Wilton.^[2]

Citations

↑ The Norman poer did not necessarily translate the English poor but represents Latin puer, a "boy", and particularly one of good family, a knight.^[2]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge. "Herbert Poor or Pauper" in the Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XLVI. Smith, Elder, & Co. (London), 1896. Hosted at Wikisource. Accessed 3 Jan 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 British History Online Bishops of Salisbury. Accessed 30 Oct 2007.
↑ British History Online Deans of Salisbury. Accessed 30 Oct 2007.
↑ British History Online Archdeacons of Canterbury accessed on 30 October 2007
↑ Young, Charles R. Hubert Walter: Lord of Canterbury and Lord of England, p. 45. Duke University Press (Durham), 1968. OCLC 443445.
1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 270
↑ At a rate of 3 shillings a day.^[2]
1 2 3 Robinson, J. Armitage. "Peter of Blois" in Somerset Historical Essays, pp. 128 f. Oxford University Press (London), 1921.

References

British History Online Archdeacons of Canterbury accessed on 30 October 2007
British History Online Bishops of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007
British History Online Deans of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Hubert Walter	Bishop of Salisbury 1194–1217	Succeeded by Richard Poore

Bishops of Salisbury

see at Sherborne	see erected from Winchester St Aldhelm Forthhere Herewald Æthelmod Denefrith Wigberht Eahlstan St Heahmund Æthelheah Wulfsige Asser Æthelweard Wærstan Æthelbald Sigehelm Alfred Wulfsige II Ælfwold I Æthelsige I Wulfsige III Æthelric Æthelsige II Brithwine I Ælfmær Brithwine II St Ælfwold II Herman see united with Ramsbury and removed to Old Sarum

see at Old Sarum	united from Sherborne & Ramsbury Herman St Osmund Roger Henry de Sully Philip de Harcourt Josceline de Bohon Hubert Walter Herbert Poore Richard Poore see removed to New Sarum

Medieval	Richard Poore Robert de Bingham William de York Giles of Bridport Walter de la Wyle Robert Wickhampton Walter Scammel Henry Brandeston Lawrence de Awkeburne William de la Corner Nicholas Longespee Simon of Ghent Roger Martival Robert Wyvil Ralph Ergham John Waltham Richard Mitford Nicholas Bubwith Robert Hallam John Chandler Robert Neville William Ayscough Richard Beauchamp Lionel Woodville Thomas Langton John Blyth Henry Deane

Early modern	Edmund Audley Lorenzo Campeggio Nicholas Shaxton John Capon Gasparo Contarini William Petow Francis Mallet John Jewel Edmund Gheast John Piers John Coldwell Henry Cotton Robert Abbot Martin Fotherby Robert Tounson John Davenant Brian Duppa Humphrey Henchman John Earle Alexander Hyde Seth Ward Gilbert Burnet William Talbot Richard Willis Benjamin Hoadly Thomas Sherlock John Gilbert John Thomas (I) Robert Hay Drummond John Thomas (II) John Hume Shute Barrington John Douglas

Late modern	John Fisher Thomas Burgess Edward Denison Walter Hamilton George Moberly John Wordsworth Frederick Ridgeway St Clair Donaldson Neville Lovett Geoffrey Lunt William Anderson Joseph Fison George Reindorp John Baker David Stancliffe Nick Holtam

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