Hemaris

Hemaris
H. diffinis at Lake Junaluska, U.S.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Sphingidae
Subfamily: Macroglossinae
Tribe: Dilophonotini
Genus: Hemaris
Dalman, 1816
species

See text

Synonyms
  • Aege R. Felder, 1874
  • Chamaesesia Grote, 1873
  • Cochrania Tutt, 1902
  • Eitschbergera Kemal & Koçak, 2005
  • Haemorrhagia Grote & Robinson, 1865
  • Hemaria Billberg, 1820
  • Saundersia Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998
  • Mandarina Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998
  • Jilinga Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998

Hemaris is a genus of sphinx moths in the subfamily Macroglossinae, which is native to the Holarctic.[1] Their main host plants are herbs and shrubs of the teasel and honeysuckle families. Moths in genus Hemaris are known collectively as clearwing moths or hummingbird moths in the US and bee hawk-moths in Britain. The related Old World hummingbird moths, genus Macroglossum, are similar in appearance and habits. Both genera have tails that are provided with an expansile truncated tuft of hairs,[2] but only Hemaris has the disc of the wings transparent, as these scales are dropped soon after eclosion.

Description

The eggs are small, spherical, and pale glossy green in color. Host plants include shrub and vining honeysuckles and teasels.

The larvae are small, cylindrical, and covered in granules that often have small bristles. Most larvae are green, brown, and gray, but there are many color forms. All have a distinctive pale dorso-lateral longitudinal stripe from head to horn.

The pupa is enclosed in a loosely spun cocoon, and is glossy in most species. There is a prominent tubercle or hook alongside each eye. The cremaster of the chrysalis is large and flattened.

The imagoes, or adults, are small, diurnal moths that resemble bumblebees in shape. They are often mistaken for hummingbirds. The forewings are fully scaled, but in some species patches of scales are lost during the first flight, leaving a glassy hyaline area on each wing. The antennae are strongly clubbed in both sexes and each has a small, recurved hook at the end. The abdomen ends in a large fan of setae.

The genitalia of the male are asymmetrical; the uncus is divided into two subequal lobes and is sclerotized. The ostium bursae, or genital opening, of the female is angled to the left.

Species

There are 24 accepted species. Four species are native to North and South America, and three to Europe.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Kitching, I. J. and J. Cadiou. (2000). Hawkmoths of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Cornell University Press, New York. ISBN 0-8014-3734-2
  2. ↑ Imms, A. D.; Davies, O. W.; Richards, R. G. (1977). Imms' General Textbook of Entomology Volume 2: Classification and Biology (10th ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 1139. ISBN 9789401165167.
  3. ↑ Fauna Europaea Hemaris Dalman 1816
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