Ida (film)

For the 2011 Danish film, see ID A.
Ida

Film poster
Directed by Paweł Pawlikowski
Produced by
  • Eric Abraham
  • Piotr Dzięcioł
  • Ewa Puszczyńska
Written by
Starring
Music by Kristian Eidnes Andersen
Cinematography
Edited by Jarosław Kamiński
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • 7 September 2013 (2013-09-07) (TIFF)
  • 11 September 2013 (2013-09-11) (Poland)
Running time
 82 minutes[1]
Country
  • Poland
  • Denmark
  • France
  • United Kingdom
Language
  • Polish
  • French
  • Latin
Budget €2 million[2]
Box office $11.1 million[3]

Ida (pronounced [ˈida]) is a 2013 Polish drama film directed by Paweł Pawlikowski and written by Pawlikowski and Rebecca Lenkiewicz. Set in Poland in 1962, it is about a young woman on the verge of taking vows as a Catholic nun. Orphaned as an infant during the German occupation of World War II, she must now meet her aunt. The former Communist state prosecutor and only surviving relative tells her that her parents were Jewish. The two women embark on a road trip into the Polish countryside to learn the fate of their family.

Called a "compact masterpiece" and an "eerily beautiful road movie", the film has also been said to "contain a cosmos of guilt, violence and pain", even if certain historical events (German occupation of Poland, the Holocaust and Stalinism) remain unsaid: "none of this is stated, but all of it is built, so to speak, into the atmosphere: the country feels dead, the population sparse".[4][5][6]

Ida won the 2015 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, becoming the first Polish film to do so.[7] It had earlier been selected as Best Film of 2014 by the European Film Academy and as Best Film Not in the English Language of 2014 by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).[8][9]

Plot

In the 1960s Polish People's Republic, Anna, a young novice nun, is told by her prioress that before she takes her vows she must visit her aunt, Wanda Gruz, who is her only surviving relative. Anna travels to visit her aunt Wanda, a chain-smoking, hard-drinking, sexually promiscuous judge who reveals that Anna's actual name is Ida Lebenstein. Ida's parents had been Jews who were murdered late in the German occupation of Poland during World War II (1939–45). Ida was then an infant, and as an orphan she had been raised by the convent. Wanda, who had been a Communist resistance fighter against the German occupation, had become the state prosecutor "Red Wanda"[10] who sent "men to their deaths". Wanda's role alludes to "the political show trials of the early 1950s, when Poland’s Communist government used judicial terror (among other methods) to consolidate its power and eliminate its enemies."[6]

Wanda tells Ida that she should try some worldly sins and pleasures before she decides to take her vows. On their way to their hotel for the night, Wanda picks up a hitchhiker, Lis (Polish for "fox"), who turns out to be an alto saxophone player who is going to a gig in the same town. Wanda tries to get Ida interested in Lis, and to come to his show, but she resists until drifting down after hours to watch the little band wrapping up their evening with a song after the crowd has left. Lis is indeed drawn to Ida and talks with her before she leaves for the night to rejoin her aunt who is passed out in their room.

Ida wants to find the graves of her parents. Wanda asks her what would happen if she goes to where their bodies are buried and discovers that God is not there. Wanda takes her to the house they were born in and used to own, which is now occupied by a Pole, Feliks Skiba and his family. Wanda had left her young son with Ida's family (Wanda's sister and brother-in-law) during the war; the Skibas had taken over the home and land, and hidden the Lebensteins from the German authorities. Wanda, a former prosecutor, demands that Feliks and his father tell her what happened to the Lebensteins. Finally, Feliks agrees to tell them—if Ida promises that they will leave the Skibas alone and give up any claim to the house.

Feliks takes the women to the burial place in the woods and digs up the bones of their family. He admits to Ida that he took the three into the woods and killed them. Feliks says that because Ida was very small and able to pass for a Christian, he was able to give her to a convent. But Wanda's small son was "dark and circumcised". He couldn't pass for a Christian child, and Feliks had killed him along with Ida's parents. Jeremy Hicks describes some of the possible motivations for Feliks' murders: "The implication is that he killed them for fear that he and his family might be discovered by the Nazis to be hiding Jews, and themselves be killed. But there is so much left unsaid here that the motivations for murder are left obscure. An understanding of Polish wartime history might equally push us towards explaining the murder through Polish anti-Semitism. The perception that Jews had money, or at least property, and that killing them would enable the murderers to acquire their property, is a motive that is hinted at too."[11]

Wanda and Ida take the bones to their family burial plot, in an abandoned, overgrown Jewish cemetery in Lublin, and bury them.[12]

Wanda and Ida then part ways and return to their previous existences and routines, but they both have been profoundly affected by their experience, and nothing is the same. Although Wanda continues to drink and engage in apparently meaningless casual sex, she is also now mourning not only the loss of her son and sister, but the niece whom she has just met and who reminds her deeply of her sister. Ida returns to the convent but is visibly unenthusiastic about her life there, and even sees some of it with a new perspective of humor. Wanda's melancholy deepens and she ultimately jumps to her death out of her apartment window. Ida returns to attend Wanda's funeral, where she sees Lis again. At Wanda's apartment, Ida changes out of her nun's habit and into Wanda's stilettos and evening gown, tries smoking and drinking, and then goes to Lis' gig, where he later teaches her to dance.

After the show Ida and Lis sleep together. The next morning Lis suggests they get married, have children, and after that, live "life as usual." After sleeping with him one more time, Ida quietly arises without awakening Lis, dons her convent habit again and leaves.

Cast

Production

The statue of Christ from the film with displays showing how the sequences were shot.

The director of Ida, Paweł Pawlikowski, was born in Poland and lived his first fourteen years there. In 1971 his mother abruptly emigrated with him to England, where he ultimately became a prominent filmmaker. Ida is his first Polish film; in an interview he said that the film "is an attempt to recover the Poland of my childhood, among many things".[13] Ida was filmed in Poland with a cast and crew that was drawn primarily from the Polish film industry. The film received crucial early funding from the Polish Film Institute based on a screenplay by Pawlikowski and Rebecca Lenkiewicz, who is an English playwright. Once the support from the Polish Film Institute had been secured, producer Eric Abraham underwrote production of the film.[14]

The first version of the screenplay was written in English by Lenkiewicz and Pawlikowski, when it had the working title Sister of Mercy. Pawlikowski then translated the screenplay into Polish and further adapted it for filming.[14][15][16]

The character of Wanda Gruz is based on Helena Wolińska-Brus, although Wanda's life and fate differ significantly from the real-life model.[17] Like the character, Wolińska-Brus was a Jewish Pole who survived World War II as a member of the Communist resistance. In the postwar Communist regime she was a military prosecutor who was involved in show trials. One notorious example of these led to the 1953 execution of General ‘Nil’ Fieldorf, a famed resistance fighter. While Wolińska-Brus may have been involved, she was not the actual prosecutor for that trial.[18] Pawlikowski met her in the 1980s in England, where she'd emigrated in 1971; he's said of her that "I couldn't square the warm, ironic woman I knew with the ruthless fanatic and Stalinist hangman. This paradox has haunted me for years. I even tried to write a film about her, but couldnʼt get my head around or into someone so contradictory."[19]

Pawlikowski had difficulty in casting the role of Anna/Ida. After he'd interviewed more than 400 actresses, Agata Trzebuchowska was discovered by a friend of Pawlikowski's, who saw her sitting in a cafe in Warsaw reading a book. She had no acting experience or plans to pursue an acting career. She agreed to meet with Pawlikowski because she was a fan of his film My Summer of Love (2004).[13]

Łukasz Żal and Ryszard Lenczewski are credited as the cinematographers. Lenczewski has been the cinematographer for Pawlikowski's feature films since Last Resort (2000); unlike Pawlikowski, Lenczewski had worked in Poland as well as England prior to Ida. Ida is filmed in black and white, and uses the now uncommon 4:3 ratio of the horizontal and vertical sizes of the image. When Pawlikowski told the film's producers of these decisions about filming, they reportedly commented, "Paul, you are no longer a student, don't be silly."[20] Lenczewski has commented that, "We chose black and white and the 1.33 frame because it was evocative of Polish films of that era, the early 1960s. We designed the unusual compositions to make the audience feel uncertain, to watch in a different way." The original plan had been for Żal to assist Lenczewski. Lenczewski became ill, and Żal took over the project.[21][22]

Production on Ida was interrupted mid-filming by an early snowstorm. Pawlikowski took advantage of the two-week hiatus to refine the script, find new locations, and rehearse. He credits the break for "making the film cohere ... in a certain, particular way."[13]

Ida was edited by Jarosław Kamiński, a veteran of Polish cinema.[23] Pawlikowski's previous English language feature films were edited by David Charap. Excepting the final scene of the film, there is no background musical score; as Dana Stevens explains, "the soundtrack contains no extradiegetic music—that is, music the characters aren’t listening to themselves—but all the music that’s there is significant and carefully chosen, from Wanda’s treasured collection of classical LPs to the tinny Polish pop that plays on the car radio as the women drive toward their grim destination."[12] As for the final scene, Pawlikowski has said, "The only piece of music that is non-ambient (from outside the world of the film – that is not on the radio or played by a band) is the piece of Bach at the end. I was a bit desperate with the final scene, and I tried it out in the mix. It’s in a minor key, but it seems serene and to recognize the world and its complexities."[24]

Reception

Ida received widespread acclaim, with critics praising its writing and cinematography. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 96% approval rating, based on 143 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Empathetically written, splendidly acted, and beautifully photographed, Ida finds director Pawel Pawlikowski revisiting his roots to powerful effect."[25] On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 91 out of 100, based on 35 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."[26]

A. O. Scott of the New York Times writes that "with breathtaking concision and clarity—80 minutes of austere, carefully framed black and white—Mr. Pawlikowski penetrates the darkest, thorniest thickets of Polish history, reckoning with the crimes of Stalinism and the Holocaust."[27] He concludes that "Mr. Pawlikowski has made one of the finest European films (and one of the most insightful films about Europe, past and present) in recent memory."[6] David Denby of The New Yorker has called Ida a "compact masterpiece", and he discusses the film's reticence concerning the history in which it is embedded: "Between 1939 and 1945, Poland lost a fifth of its population, including three million Jews. In the two years after the war, Communists took over the government under the eyes of the Red Army and the Soviet secret police, the N.K.V.D.. Many Poles who were prominent in resisting the Nazis were accused of preposterous crimes; the independent-minded were shot or hanged. In the movie, none of this is stated, but all of it is built, so to speak, into the atmosphere ..."[4] Denby considered Ida to be "by far the best movie of the year".[28] Peter Debruge was more reserved about the film's success, writing in Variety that "...dialing things back as much as this film does risks losing the vast majority of viewers along the way, offering an intellectual exercise in lieu of an emotional experience to all but the most rarefied cineastes."[29]

Ida is partially a "road movie" in which the relationship of its two main characters, Anna/Ida (Agata Trzebuchowska) and Wanda (Agata Kulesza), develops as they journey into Poland's hinterlands and into their shared history. Both actresses have received favorable reviews for their performances from several critics. Peter Bradshaw wrote in The Guardian that "Agata Trzebuchowska is tremendously mysterious as a 17-year-old novitiate in a remote convent: she has the impassivity and inscrutability of youth."[5] Riva Reardon writes, "In her debut role, the actress masterfully negotiates the film’s challenging subtlety, offering glimpses into her character with only a slight movement of the corner of her mouth or by simply shifting her uncanny black eyes."[30] David Denby writes that "Wanda tells her of her past in brief fragments, and Kulesza does more with those fragments—adding a gesture, a pause—than anyone since Greta Garbo, who always implied much more than she said."[4] Dana Stevens writes that "As played, stupendously, by the veteran Polish TV, stage, and film actress Agata Kulesza, Wanda is a vortex of a character, as fascinating to spend time with as she is bottomlessly sad."[12]

Controversy and criticism

The film was criticized by some for its perspective on Christian–Jewish relations in Poland.[31][32] Some have argued that the Christian Poles in the film are portrayed negatively as being anti-Semitic and sharing responsibility for the Holocaust with the German occupiers.[33] A letter of complaint has been sent by the Polish Anti-Defamation League to the Polish Film Institute, which provided significant funding for the film. A petition calling for the addition of explanatory title cards has apparently been signed by about 40,000 Poles; the film does not explicitly note that thousands of Poles were executed by the German occupiers for hiding or helping Jewish Poles.[34] Eric Abraham, one of the producers of Ida, responded "Are they really suggesting that all films loosely based on historical events should come with contextual captions? Tell that to Mr. Stone and Mr. Spielberg and Mr. von Donnersmarck," which refers to the directors of JFK, Lincoln, and The Lives of Others.[31]

Conversely, others have argued that the character of Wanda Gruz, who participated in the persecution of those who threatened the Soviet-sponsored postwar regime, perpetuates a stereotype about Polish Jews as collaborators with the regime.[33][35][36][37]

Influences

Several critics have discerned possible influences on Ida from Carl Theodor Dreyer's films and from Robert Bresson's.[4][38] Thus David Thomson writes enthusiastically that seeing Ida is "like seeing Carl Dreyer’s The Passion of Joan of Arc for the first time" and that the relationship of Ida and her aunt Wanda is "worthy of the Bresson of Diary of a Country Priest."[39] The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928) is a silent film that is noted as one of the greatest films.[40][41] M. Leary has expanded on the influence on Ida: "The actress that plays Ida was apparently noticed at a cafe and drafted in as a blank canvas for this character, who becomes a mute witness in the film to the terror of Jewish genocide and the Soviet aftermath. She is a bit like Dreyer's Joan in that her character is more about a violent march of history than her Catholic subtext."[42] Dana Stevens writes that Ida is "set in the early 1960s, and its stylistic austerity and interest in theological questions often recall the work of Robert Bresson (though Pawlikowski lacks—I think—Bresson’s deeply held faith in salvation)."[12]

Other critics have emphasized stylistic similarities to New Wave films such as the definitive French film The 400 Blows (directed by François Truffaut-1959) and the Polish film Innocent Sorcerers (directed by Andrzej Wajda-1960).[37][43] There are also similarities with Luis Buñuel's Viridiana (1961).[44]

Box office

Grossing more than $3.8 million at the North American box office, the film has been described as a "crossover hit", especially for a foreign language film.[45] Nearly 500,000 people watched the film in France, making it one of the most successful Polish-language films ever screened there.[46] The film earned nearly as much in France, $3.2 million, as it did in the US. The film earned $0.3 million in Poland, and less than $0.1 million in Germany.[3]

Accolades

Ida was screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival[47] where it won the FIPRESCI Special Presentations award.[48] Among other festivals Ida won Best Film at Gdynia, Warsaw, London, Bydgoszcz, Minsk, Gijón, Wiesbaden, Kraków. The film is also widely recognized for Agata Kulesza's and Agata Trzebuchowska's performances, and for the cinematography by Ryszard Lenczewski and Łukasz Żal.

The film was honoured by the national Polish Film Academy as the Best Film of 2013, winning in three other categories, and nominated in seven additional categories. The European Film Academy nominated the film in seven categories, winning 5, including Best European Film and People's Choice Award, at the 27th European Film Awards.[8] The Spanish Academy of Arts and Cinematographic Sciences named Ida as Best European Film at the 29th Goya Awards. At the 68th British Academy Film Awards the film won the Award for Best Film Not in the English Language.[9]

At the 87th Academy Awards it won the award for Best Foreign Language Film.[7]

The film has received a nomination from Hollywood Foreign Press Association at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film,[49] and from International Press Academy at the 19th Satellite Awards for Best Foreign Language Film category.

It has been also recognised by the Swedish Film Institute (50th Guldbagge Awards), the Danish Film Academy (31st Robert Awards), the French Academy of Arts and Technics of Cinema (40th César Awards), the Catalan Academy of Cinema (7th Gaudí Awards).

The film has been selected by the European Parliament for the Lux Prize.

Home media

Ida has been released to DVD in both region 1 and region 2 with English subtitles.[50][51] It has also been released with subtitles in several other languages. In December 2014 the film was awarded the Lux Prize by the European Parliament; this prize supports subtitling of films into all of the 23 official languages of the European Union.[52]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Ida (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  2. ↑ Kilian, Anna (2013). "Piotr Dzięcioł - wywiad o filmie Ida [Opus Film]". audiowizualni.pl. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Ida (2014) - International Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Denby, David (27 May 2014). "'Ida': A Film Masterpiece". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2015-01-10. ... from the beginning, I was thrown into a state of awe by the movie’s fervent austerity. Friends have reported similar reactions: if not awe, then at least extreme concentration and satisfaction. This compact masterpiece has the curt definition and the finality of a reckoning—a reckoning in which anger and mourning blend together.
  5. 1 2 Bradshaw, Peter (25 September 2014). "Ida review – an eerily beautiful road movie". The Guardian.
  6. 1 2 3 Scott, A. O. (1 May 2014). "An Innocent Awakened: 'Ida,' About an Excavation of Truth in Postwar Poland". The New York Times.
  7. 1 2 Barraclough, Leo (23 February 2015). "Polish Film Institute Chief Celebrates as 'Ida' Becomes First Polish Movie to Win Foreign-Language Film Oscar". Variety.
  8. 1 2 Hopewell, John (8 November 2014). "'Ida,' 'Leviathan' Top European Film Awards Nominations". Variety.
  9. 1 2 "Bafta Film Awards 2015: Winners". BBC News. 9 January 2015.
  10. ↑ "Red Wanda" is the English subtitle translation of the Polish "Krwawa Wanda". The literal translation is "Bloody Wanda"; see PWN Oxford Wielki Słownik Angielsko-Polski English-Polish Dictionary. p. 118. ISBN 83-01-13708-8.
  11. ↑ Hicks, Jeremy (30 September 2014). "A unique exploration of Poland's unspoken, unspeakable history – Ida is spectacular". The Conversation. Pawlikowski has staged quite a coup. He has succeeded in making a film about repression, sexual and political, about memory and Polish identity. Most crucially, perhaps, it is a film about the Holocaust that doesn’t feature the Nazis.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Stevens, Dana (2 May 2014). "Ida: A journey you won't forget". Slate. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  13. 1 2 3 Gross, Terry (13 February 2015). "'Ida' Director Made Film To 'Recover The Poland' Of His Childhood". Fresh Air. National Public Radio (NPR).
  14. 1 2 Pawlikowski, Paweł (21 November 2014). "How we made 'Ida': Paweł Pawlikowski on the journey from script to film". The Guardian.
  15. ↑ Costa, Maddy (20 January 2013). "Playwright Rebecca Lenkiewicz: 'I had evil thoughts as a child'". The Guardian.
  16. ↑ Bloom, Livia (5 May 2014). "Courage of Conviction: A Conversation with Ida Director Pawel Pawlikowski". Filmmaker. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  17. 1 2 Fuller, Graham (May–June 2014). "Review: Ida". Film Comment. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  18. ↑ Hodge, Nick (31 December 2008). "Helena Wolinska-Brus: 1919-2008. Controversial communist prosecutor dies in UK". Krakow Post. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13.
  19. ↑ Levine, Sydney (8 January 2015). "Interview: Dir. Pawel Pawlikowski on His Oscar-Shortlisted Film 'Ida'". IndieWire.
  20. ↑ Staszczyszyn, Bartosz (19 September 2013). "Ida - Paweł Pawlikowski". Culture.pl.
  21. ↑ Heuring, David. "Variety's 10 Cinematographers to Watch: Ryszard Lenczewski and Lukasz Zal – 'Ida' Duo Turned Heads With Atypical Framing". Variety. Retrieved 2015-02-05.
  22. ↑ Desowitz, Bill (23 January 2015). "How Cinematographers Lukasz Zal and Ryszard Lenczewski Captured the Sublime 'Ida'". Thompson on Hollywood.
  23. ↑ "Jarosław Kamiński". FilmPolski.pl.
  24. ↑ Stein, Sophia (28 May 2014). "Pawel Pawlikowski's Haunting IDA". Cultural Weekly.
  25. ↑ Ida at Rotten Tomatoes
  26. ↑ "Ida Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  27. ↑ Scott, A. O. (11 December 2014). "A. O. Scott's Top 10 Movies 2014: 'Boyhood' and More". The New York Times.
  28. ↑ Denby, David (13 December 2014). "The Ten Best Movies of 2014". The New Yorker. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  29. ↑ Debruge, Peter (10 September 2013). "Telluride Film Review: 'Ida'". Variety. Retrieved 2015-01-13. The film invites audiences to undertake a parallel journey while withholding much of the context (historical backstory as well as basic cinematic cues, like music and camera movement) on which engagement typically depends. It’s one thing to set up a striking black-and-white composition and quite another to draw people into it, and dialing things back as much as this film does risks losing the vast majority of viewers along the way, offering an intellectual exercise in lieu of an emotional experience to all but the most rarefied cineastes.
  30. ↑ Reardon, Kiva (9 May 2014). "Hunting for skeletons, in black and white". The Globe and Mail.
  31. 1 2 Sulcas, Roslyn (23 January 2015). "Polish Group Demands 'Ida' Add Context About German Occupation". The New York Times (Carpetbagger Blog).
  32. ↑ Wigura, Karolina (26 November 2013). "Dlaczego "Ida" tak gniewa. Częściowe podsumowanie dyskusji o filmie Pawła Pawlikowskiego" [Why "Ida" makes you angry. A tentative summary of the discussion about Paweł Pawlikowski's film] (in Polish). Kultura Liberalna.
  33. 1 2 Nalaskowski, Alexander (26 December 2014). "Idzie po nas Ida czyli film zrobiony z nienawiści. Przypominamy poruszający felieton prof. Aleksandra Nalaskowskiego z tygodnika "w Sieci"" ["Ida" is treading you into mud to win the Award, or the Film Made of Hatred. The article by Professor Aleksander Nalaskowski, published formerly in "w Sieci" weekly, is republished in wPolityce.pl] (in Polish). w Sieci. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  34. ↑ Child, Ben (30 January 2015). "Ida director Pawel Pawlikowski stands ground against complaints of historical inaccuracy". The Guardian.
  35. ↑ Gera, Vanessa (February 27, 2015). "Poles say Oscar-winning 'Ida' misrepresents Jewish persecution". The Times of Israel.
  36. ↑ Janicka, Elżbieta (25 November 2013). "Janicka: Ogon, który macha psem" [Janicka: The tail that wags the dog]. Krytyka Polityczna (in Polish).
  37. 1 2 Rojek, Zofta. ""Ida" pełna antysemickich stereotypów? Krytyka najnowszego filmu Pawlikowskiego" [Ida full of anti-Semitic stereotypes. Criticism of the latest film by Pawlikowski]. NaTemat.pl (in Polish).
  38. ↑ McCarthy, Todd (20 September 2013). "Ida: Toronto Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Beautifully shot in charcoal shades of gray in the boxy old Academy format that evokes the work of Danish master Carl Dreyer, this is a connoisseur's delight, a singular work in this day and age
  39. ↑ Thomson, David (2 May 2014). "'Ida' Is a New Masterpiece of Polish Cinema". The New Republic.
  40. ↑ Christie, Ian (ed.). "The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time". Sight & Sound. British Film Institute (September 2012). Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  41. ↑ Ebert, Roger (16 February 1997). "Great Movie: The Passion of Joan of Arc". rogerebert.com.
  42. ↑ Leary, M. (20 June 2014). "Ida (Pawlikowski, 2013)". Filmwell. The Other Journal.
  43. ↑ Bradshaw, Peter (14 October 2013). "Ida – London film festival review". The Guardian. It is a small gem, tender and bleak, funny and sad, superbly photographed in luminous monochrome: a sort of neo-new wave movie with something of the classic Polish film school and something of Truffaut, but also deadpan flecks of Béla Tarr and Aki Kaurismäki.
  44. ↑ Foster, Farrin (29 May 2014). "Film review: Ida". CityMag.
  45. ↑ Roxborough, Scott (19 August 2014). "Nun Drama 'Ida' Is Poland's Oscar Candidate". The Hollywood Reporter.
  46. ↑ "L'incroyable succès du film "Ida" (aussi) aux Etats-Unis" [The unbelievable success of the film 'Ida" (also) in the United States]. telerama.fr (in French). 29 October 2014.
  47. ↑ "Ida". 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  48. ↑ "TIFF 2013: 12 Years a Slave wins film fest's top prize". Toronto Star. Reuters. 15 September 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  49. ↑ 72ND ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBE® AWARDS NOMINEES ANNOUNCED. Retrieved 11 December 2014
  50. ↑ Ida (DVD (region 1)). Music Box Films. May 2014. ISBN 9788379891719. OCLC 884738275.
  51. ↑ Ida (DVD (region 2)). Artificial Eye. 24 November 2014. OCLC 891429574.
  52. ↑ "Ida Wins the European Parliament's LUX Prize". culture.pl. 19 December 2014.
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