Intersalt study

The Intersalt study was an observational study that showed an association between dietary salt, measured by urinary excretion, and blood pressure.[1] The study was based on a sample of 10 079 men and women age 20-59 sampled from 52 populations spread across the world.

The results were disputed by the Salt Institute (the salt producers' trade organisation), who demanded that the results be handed over for re-analysis.[2] A re-analysis was published in 1996 and the results were the same.[3] The results have since been confirmed by the TOHP I and TOHP II studies.[4]

In 1997 the science writer Gary Taubes, published an article in Science, which was heavily critical of the statistical analysis published by Intersalt. [5] He criticized the failure to account for population heterogeneity in establishing the weak association between salt intake and blood pressure and the assumptions made when deploying regression dilution bias. He also cited the TOHP II study as showing only "negligible benefit of salt reduction".

In 2008 the statisticians David Freedman and Diana Pettiti published an article showing that the positive correlation between blood pressure and salt consumption observed in the InterSalt study was entirely driven by four outlying data points of the 52 total data points. These four communities had much lower salt consumption than the average community, as well as much lower blood pressure. When these four points were excluded, the correlation was in fact negative, contradicting the original interpretation of the data by the researchers. Freedman and Pettiti raised questions about why the researchers had failed to apply even basic robustness checks, and criticised the overly simplistic view presented by medical researchers and policymakers of the role of salt in blood pressure outcomes. [6]

References

  1. ↑ Intersalt Cooperative Research Group (1988). "Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion". Br Med J. 297 (6644): 319–28. doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319. PMC 1834069Freely accessible. PMID 3416162.
  2. ↑ Godlee F (2007). "Editor's choice: Time to talk salt". Br Med J. 334 (7599): 0. doi:10.1136/bmj.39196.679537.47.
  3. ↑ Elliott P, Stamler J, Nichols R, et al. (1996). "Intersalt revisited: further analyses of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group". Br Med J. 312 (7041): 1249–53. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1249. PMC 2351086Freely accessible. PMID 8634612.
  4. ↑ Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek E, et al. (2007). "Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP)". Br Med J. 334 (7599): 885–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55. PMC 1857760Freely accessible. PMID 17449506.
  5. ↑ Taubes, G. (1998). "The (Political) Science of Salt.". Science. 281 (5379): 989–907. doi:10.1126/science.281.5379.898. PMID 9722464.
  6. ↑ http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~census/573.pdf
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