Islington Tunnel

Islington Tunnel

Eastern portal
Overview
Location	Islington, London, England
Coordinates	51°32′2.8″N 0°6′31.18″W / 51.534111°N 0.1086611°WCoordinates: 51°32′2.8″N 0°6′31.18″W / 51.534111°N 0.1086611°W
OS grid reference	TQ312833
Status	Open
Waterway	Regent's Canal
Start	51°31′59.37″N 0°6′9.67″W / 51.5331583°N 0.1026861°W
End	51°32′5.12″N 0°6′54.07″W / 51.5347556°N 0.1150194°W
Operation
Opened	1818
Rebuilt	Several rebuilds
Owner	Canal & River Trust
Technical
Length	960 yards (878 m)
Towpath	No
Boat-passable	Yes

The Islington Tunnel carries the Regent's Canal Arm of the Grand Union Canal for 960 yards (878 m) underneath the Angel area of Islington, in London. The two other tunnels on the Regent's Canal are Eyre's Tunnel and Maida Hill Tunnel.

History

Islington Tunnel opened in 1818 and was built by the engineer James Morgan.^[1]

The Regent's Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament on 13 July 1812, and a month later James Morgan, who had previously produced plans and sections to support the application, was appointed as Engineer, Architect and Land Surveyor for the scheme. At the time, Morgan had little civil engineering experience, and the company decided to hold a competition for the design of the locks and tunnels, with the entries to be assessed by William Jessop and two other engineers. Although entries hoping to win the 50-guinea (£52.50) were submitted, none were accepted, and in December Morgan became responsible for the whole project.^[2]

The company were persistently short of money, as they had only succeeded in raising £254,100 of the estimated cost of £400,000, and as work progressed, it became obvious that more would be needed. The first section from Paddington Basin to Camden was opened on 12 August 1816, and some work had been done on the tunnel, but work stopped, as there was no more money. Another Act of Parliament increased the capital to £600,000, but the company had no success in raising any more. However, a chance meeting between the former chairman, Charles Munro, and the committee for the Society for the Relieving of the Manufacturing Poor resulted in discussions about government loans funding the project and providing employment for the poor. The Exchequer Bill Loan Commission was set up under the powers of the Poor Employment Act of 1817, with commissioners given powers to award loans to public projects which would provide employment for those without work. The engineer Thomas Telford surveyed the unfinished canal and tunnel on behalf of the Commissioners, and an initial loan of £200,000 was promised, providing that the canal company could raise £100,000 in match funding. This they succeeded in doing, and work resumed in December 1817. The canal opened in its entirety on 1 August 1820.^[3]

The tunnelling contract was given to Daniel Pritchard, who had previous experience building tunnels for the Grand Union Canal at Husbands Bosworth and Crick. The first was built between 1811 and 1813, and was 1,170 yards (1,070 m) long, while the second was built between 1812 and 1814, and was 1,528 yards (1,397 m) long. They had been completed despite encountering difficult geology along their routes. With the completion of the 960-yard (878 m) Islington Tunnel and the nearby Maida Hill Tunnel, he went on to be a specialist tunnelling contractor, completing the Strood Tunnel on the Thames and Medway Canal and the second Harecastle Tunnel on the Trent and Mersey Canal.^[4]

As there is no towpath, barges originally had to be legged through the tunnel. In 1826 it was upgraded with a steam tug attached to a continuous chain on the canal bed which would heave barges through. This system remained for over one hundred years until the 1930s,^[5] when it was replaced with a diesel engine, which is today no longer in use.

Route

Owing to the lack of a towpath it is not possible to walk or cycle through the tunnel. Walkers or cyclists wishing to follow the course of the canal can do so above ground by following a trail of waymarkers which have been set into the pavement, connecting the two entrances of the tunnel. From the eastern portal heading towards the west, the trail runs up Duncan Street, then left down Upper Street to the crossing near Angel Underground Station, across Upper Street and up Liverpool Road, turning left into Chapel Market. At the end of Chapel Market it turns right into Penton Street, and finally left into Maygood Street. At the end of Maygood Street it passes through a small residential area, before ultimately ending in Muriel Street, from where the towpath may be accessed.

Gallery

• 
  Western Portal
• 
  Older style waymarker
• 
  Modern style waymarker
• 
  Smaller waymarker

See also

• Canals of the United Kingdom
• History of the British canal system

Bibliography

• Skempton, Sir Alec; et al. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.
• Hadfield, Charles (1970). The Canals of the East Midlands. David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-4871-X.

References

1. "James Morgan". London Canal Museum. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
2. Skempton 2002, p. 452
3. Hadfield 1970, p. 130
4. Skempton 2002, pp. 537–538
5. Hadfield 1970, p. 133