Isoprene synthase

Isoprene synthase
Identifiers
EC number	4.2.3.27
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, an isoprene synthase (EC 4.2.3.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

dimethylallyl pyrophosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ isoprene + diphosphate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and two products, isoprene and pyrophosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate pyrophosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming). Other names in common use include ISPC, and ISPS.

References

• Silver GM, Fall R (1991). "Enzymatic Synthesis of Isoprene from Dimethylallyl Diphosphate in Aspen Leaf Extracts". Plant. Physiol. 97 (4): 1588–1591. doi:10.1104/pp.97.4.1588. PMC 1081206. PMID 16668590.
• Silver GM, Fall R (1995). "Characterization of aspen isoprene synthase, an enzyme responsible for leaf isoprene emission to the atmosphere". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (22): 13010–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.13010. PMID 7768893.
• Wildermuth MC, Fall R (1996). "Light-Dependent Isoprene Emission (Characterization of a Thylakoid-Bound Isoprene Synthase in Salix discolor Chloroplasts)". Plant. Physiol. 112 (1): 171–182. doi:10.1104/pp.112.1.171. PMC 157936. PMID 12226383.
• Schnitzler JP, Arenz R, Steinbrecher R, Lehming A (1996). "Characterization of an isoprene synthase from leaves of Quercus petraea". Bot. Acta. 109: 216–221. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00566.x.
• Miller B, Oschinski C, Zimmer W (2001). "First isolation of an isoprene synthase gene from poplar and successful expression of the gene in Escherichia coli". Planta. 213 (3): 483–7. doi:10.1007/s004250100557. PMID 11506373.
• Sivy TL, Shirk MC, Fall R (2002). "Isoprene synthase activity parallels fluctuations of isoprene release during growth of Bacillus subtilis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (1): 71–5. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00435-7. PMID 12054742.
• Sasaki K, Ohara K, Yazaki K (2005). "Gene expression and characterization of isoprene synthase from Populus alba". FEBS Lett. 579 (11): 2514–8. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.03.066. PMID 15848197.
• Schnitzler JP, Zimmer I, Bachl A, Arend M, Fromm J, Fischbach RJ (2005). "Biochemical properties of isoprene synthase in poplar (Populus x canescens)". Planta. 222 (5): 777–86. doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0022-1. PMID 16052321.
• Vickers CE, Possell M, Cojocariu C, Velikova V, Laothawornkitkul J, Ryan A, Mullineaux PM, Hewitt CN (2009). "Isoprene synthesis protects transgenic tobacco plants from oxidative stress". Plant, Cell and Environment. 32 (5): 520–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01946.x. PMID 19183288.
• Vickers CE, Possell M, Hewitt CN, Mullineaux P (2010). "Genetic structure and regulation of isoprene synthase in Poplar (Populus spp.)". Plant Molecular Biology. 73 (4–5): 547–58. doi:10.1007/s11103-010-9642-3. PMID 20467886.
• Vickers CE, Possell M, Laothawornkitkul J, Ryan AC, Hewitt CN, Mullineaux P (2011). "Isoprene synthesis in plants – lessons from a transgenic tobacco model". Plant, Cell and Environment. 34 (6): 1043–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02303.x. PMID 21388420.