Diamond industry in Israel

Diamond Exchange District in Ramat Gan

The Diamond industry in Israel is an important world player in producing cut diamonds for wholesale. In 2010, Israel became the chair of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.[1]

History

Diamond cutting is a traditional Jewish craft with centuries of history. In the late 15th century, Jewish diamond cutter Lodewyk van Berken invented the scaif, a technological innovation that revolutionized the industry.[2] The Israeli diamond industry began in 1937, before the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, when the first diamond polishing plant was opened in Petah Tikva by refugee experts from the Netherlands.[3] In 1938 the 15% import duty on imported rough stones was removed. By 1944 the industry employed 3,300 workers in 33 factories, with £P.1,320,000 capital investment, entirely Jewish. The value of exports was over £P.3,200,000 mainly to the United States, Canada, and India; It was the largest value of any single commodity exported from Mandatory Palestine that year.[4] Between 1944 and 1948 the industry suffered from the increasing lawlessness and in February 1948 closed down completely.[5] After a state was declared, the consumer economy was shifted to a war economy. This came at the height of a diamond crisis, as many war-torn economies were struggling to re-establish. Since then, the industry has continued to grow, producing a world leader in the diamond industry.

Current state

In the beginning of the 21st century, Israel is one of the world's three major centers for polished diamonds, alongside Belgium and India. Israel's net polished diamond exports slid 22.8 percent in 2012 as polished diamond exports fell to $5.56 billion from $7.2 billion in 2011. Net exports of rough diamonds dropped 20.1 percent to $2.8 billion and net exports of polished diamonds slipped 24.9 percent to $4.3 billion, while net rough diamond imports dropped 12.9 percent to $3.8 billion. The United States is the largest market accounting for 36% of overall export market for polished diamonds while Hong Kong remains at second with 28 percent and Belgium at 8 percent coming in third.[6][7][8][9] Diamonds constitutes about 24% in total country export.[10]

In 2007 year, 12 percent of world diamonds (by their value) were polished in Israel.[11] In 2010 this number decreased to 9 percent.[12]

Trading infrastructure

Further information: Diamond Exchange District

The industry is located in the "Diamond District", located in Ramat Gan in the Tel Aviv District. The complex is made up of four buildings, interconnected with walkways. The entire trading operation takes place in this complex [13] The Diamond Tower in the district contains the world's largest diamond trading floor.

Israel's government funds an non-profit industry body, the Israel Diamond Institute, to represent organisations and institutions involved in Israel’s diamond industry.

Industry principles

The Israeli diamond industry guarantees all diamonds are 100% naturally made and participates in the Kimberley Process, a certification scheme whose goal is to ensure no blood diamonds enter the marketplace.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Miskin, Maayana (June 18, 2010). "Zimbabwe Diamond Activist Jailed before Israel Appearance". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Chapter Eleven - The Diamond Cut". www.edwardjayepstein.com. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
  3. ↑ The Early 1900s by Shira Ami
  4. ↑ 'A survey of Palestine'. Vol 1. Originally published 1946-47. ISBN 0-88728-211-3. Page 445.
  5. ↑ The Scotsman, March 8th 1948: 'Clare Hollingworth, Jerusalem, by Air Mail : One of the biggest casualties of the Palestine civil war occurred last month in a veil of obscurity. The entire Jewish-owned diamond polishing industry of Palestine, which had grown during the war to be the second largest in the world after that of Holland, was closed down. It is considered unlikely that the industry, which in 1946 exported £5,501,000 worth of cut diamonds, mostly to the United States, will reopen again on anything like its former scale. Four official reasons are given for ‘suspending work’. The first is that 2500 workers in 34 diamond-cutting plants walked out as a result of ‘hold-ups by dissident underground organisations.’ Secondly, Mr O. Ben-Ami, president of the Diamond Manufacturing Association, states that £200,000 of diamonds have been stolen since 1944. The third reason is that insurance companies, after raising diamond insurance rates for Palestine to 12 per cent. recently declined cover altogether. Fourthly, the Palestine Post Office no longer accepts registered mail. The fate of the diamond industry illustrates the twin dangers which threaten the whole of the new industrial system which the Zionists have built up rapidly in Palestine in recent years, and on which many Zionist economists based their hopes for the livelihood of a future Jewish state. The dangers are the dislocation caused by the guerrilla struggle waged by Jewish extremists, which has now developed into an economically paralysing civil war, and the post-war revival of international trade at competitive prices, which has revealed the shaky basis of wartime expansion of Zionist industry.'
  6. ↑ Jewellery Business - Israel’s 2012 polished diamond exports decline
  7. ↑ "Diamond Exports". Retrieved January 16, 2013.
  8. ↑ Israel 2012 diamond exports fall, may rebound if no more crises | Reuters
  9. ↑ - Israel's Polished Diamond Exports -22% in 2012
  10. ↑ Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East - ISBN 9781411329652 page 48.1 The mineral Industry of Israel: "Israel's total exports amounted to $45.9 billion in 2007, of which diamonds accounted for 23.9%"
  11. ↑ Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East // USGS - ISBN 9781411329652 page 48.1 The mineral Industry of Israel: "In 2007 .. Israel accounted for 12% of the value of the world's polished diamond production"
  12. ↑ Minerals Yearbook: Area Reports International Review 2010 Africa and the Middle East // USGS - ISBN 9781411331747 page 48.1 The mineral Industry of Israel: "In 2010, Israel accounted for 9% of the value of the wolr's polished diamond production"
  13. 1 2 Israel Diamond Industry Organizations Archived January 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
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