James Lucas Yeo
| Sir James Lucas Yeo KCB | |
|---|---|
|
Sir James Lucas Yeo | |
| Born |
7 October 1782 Southampton, England |
| Died |
21 August 1818 (aged 35) At sea, off the coast of Africa |
| Allegiance |
.svg.png){kind=small} Great Britain United Kingdom |
| Service/branch |
 Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1792-1818 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards |
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Order of Aviz 1809[1] |
Sir James Lucas Yeo KCB (7 October 1782 – 21 August 1818) was a British naval commander who served in the War of 1812.
Yeo was born in Southampton on 7 October 1782, and joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman at the age of 10. He first saw action as a lieutenant aboard a brig in the Adriatic Sea. He distinguished himself during the siege of Cesenatico in 1800, when thirteen merchant vessels were burned or sunk.
In 1805, as first lieutenant of HMS Loire, he captured a fort and a privateer at Muros Bay in Spain. As a reward, he was promoted to Commander and given the command of the privateer he had captured, the 18-gun sloop Confiance He sailed her to Brazil, where he took command of a small force consisting of Confiance, two Portuguese brigs, and four hundred soldiers. With them he captured Cayenne, a fortified position of two hundred guns, and took a thousand prisoners. He participated in several sea battles during the Napoleonic Wars so successfully that he was made a post captain at the age of 25.
In 1810, he was knighted for his services at Cayenne. In 1811 he commanded the frigate HMS Southampton, which captured a privateer, the Amethyste.[2]
In 1812, he was stationed in the Bahamas. There he captured the privateer Heureuse Réunion at the Action of 3 February 1812, and the American brig USS Vixen in November 1812. However, shortly afterwards Southampton and Vixen were wrecked in the Crooked Island passage, although no lives were lost. As was customary in the case of the loss of a ship from any cause, Yeo was court martialled, but the court accepted that the reef on which he was wrecked was not charted, nor were the local currents documented, and Yeo was exonerated.
The importance of the naval warfare on the Great Lakes raised "The Lakes Service" to the status of a Flag Command and Kingston was the Commodore's headquarters. Yeo was sent to Canada in 1813 aboard Woolwich to command the British naval forces in the Great Lakes. The Commission of Sir James Lucas Yeo stated "During the continuance of your Command you are hereby authorized to hoist a distinguishing Pennant as Commodore on Board such one of His Majesty's Ships as you may select-" [2] Sir James's use of his small navy was always determined and skillful, but he was hampered by a lack of cooperation from the British army. The commander of these forces, Sir George Prevost, failed to follow up key advances made by Sir James at Sackett's Harbour and elsewhere that might have resulted in major British victories. On the whole, historians regard the war on Lake Ontario as having been a draw. During 1814 both Yeo and Chauncey, the American commander tried to out build the other. Yeo captured Oswego and then blockaded Sacketts Harbour on 6 May 1814, when reinforced by two frigates built on Point Frederick. During the final months of the war, Yeo ensured British control of the lake by the 1814 launch of the HMS St. Lawrence, a 112 gun first rate ship of the line built in Kingston specifically for use on the lake, a three-decker man-of-war, and he had two more building. The Americans also had two first line men-o'-war on the stocks.
In August 1815, Yeo was posted to the Inconstant, 36 guns, at Plymouth.[2] After the British-American War, Yeo held important commands on the West African and Caribbean stations, but saw no further action. He died in 1818 at the age of 35, while returning from Jamaica to England.
Legacy
The Yeo Hall at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario was named in his honour in 1936. This multifunctional building houses the Cadet Dining Hall and the Cadet Mess. The barber and Canadian Forces Exchange System (CANEX) are located in the basement. A plaque erected by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada at the Royal Military College of Canada states "Born in Southampton, England, Yeo entered the British Navy, served throughout the Napoleonic Wars and won rapid promotion by his ability. In 1813, already a Commodore, he came to Canada to command British forces on the Great Lakes. Yeo successfully blockaded the American fleet in Sackett's Harbour for some months and subsequently commanded the naval forces at the capture of Oswego in 1814. Returning to England after the war he was posted to the West African Coast and died at sea while returning from that tour of duty."
References
- ↑ Chartrand, Rene (2000-11-25). The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars. Reference to Captain James Yeo award with date and unit. Osprey Publishing. p. 40. ISBN 9781855329812.
- 1 2 3 Royal Military College of Canada - Review Yearbook (Kingston, Ontario Canada) - Class of 1958 p 198-211
External links
- Biography of James Lucas Yeo, Commander of the Great Lakes
- "James Lucas Yeo". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016.