July 1926

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The following events occurred in July 1926:

July 1, 1926 (Thursday)

• The two-day-old government of Canadian Prime Minister Arthur Meighen was defeated in Parliament by one vote on a motion challenging the legality of Meighen's attempt to circumvent normal Parliamentary procedure by assembling a Cabinet consisting exclusively of acting ministers without portfolio. Though it was not strictly a motion of no confidence, Meighen accepted the vote as such.^[1]
• The Swedish Air Force was founded.
• Born: Robert Fogel, economist and Nobel Prize laureate, in New York City (d. 2013); Carl Hahn, auto executive, in Chemnitz, Germany; and Hans Werner Henze, composer, in Gütersloh, Germany

July 2, 1926 (Friday)

• President Plutarco Elías Calles of Mexico published the Calles Law, effective July 31, which banned religious education, foreign priests and political commentary in religious publications. Additionally, all church property was to become government property and worship could only be conducted inside of churches and under the supervision of local officials.^[2]
• Canadian Governor General Julian Byng acted on Prime Minister Meighen's advice to dissolve the 15th Canadian Parliament and call a new federal election.^[1]
• At the Wimbledon Men's Singles Final of tennis, Jean Borotra of France defeated Howard Kinsey of the United States.
• Died: Émile Coué, 79, French psychologist

July 3, 1926 (Saturday)

• At the Wimbledon Women's Singles Final of tennis, Kitty McKane Godfree of Britain defeated Lili de Alvarez.

July 4, 1926 (Sunday)

• The Nazi Party staged its 2nd Party Congress in Weimar. The Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung (Greater German Youth Movement) was rebranded Hitler Jugend Bund der deutschen Arbeiterjugend (Hitler Youth League of German Worker Youth), commonly referred to as the Hitler Youth.
• Knoebels Amusement Resort opened in Pennsylvania.
• Born: Alfredo Di Stéfano, footballer, in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 2014); Amos Elon, journalist and author, in Vienna, Austria (d. 2009); and Mary Stuart, actress and singer, in Miami, Florida (d. 2002)

July 5, 1926 (Monday)

• Pope Pius XI designated August 1, the feast day of St. Peter ad Vincula, as a day of special prayers for the "deliverance of Mexican Catholics from persecution and for pardon for their persecutors."^[3]

July 6, 1926 (Tuesday)

• French Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux spoke before the Chamber of Deputies, outlining the severity of the country's economic problems and asking for emergency powers to address them.^[4]

July 7, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Joseph Caillaux's request of the previous day for special powers was widely attacked in the Chamber of Deputies. Léon Blum proclaimed, "Such action would be a veritable abdication of Parliament and violate the national sovereignty."^[5]
• Edward Pearson Warner became the first Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Aeronautics.

July 8, 1926 (Thursday)

• In Britain, fist fighting broke out in the House of Lords as it passed the Eight Hours Act, which permitted an extra hour of work per day in coal mines. Before Britain's miners were locked out they usually worked seven hours.^[6]
• A grand jury convened in the Aimee Semple McPherson kidnapping case to question McPherson about some questionable details that had arisen in her account of what had happened to her.^[7]
• Born: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, psychiatrist, in Zürich, Switzerland (d. 2004)

July 9, 1926 (Friday)

• The Northern Expedition officially commenced when Chiang Kai-shek lectured 100,000 soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army.
• The Rudolph Valentino film The Son of the Sheik premiered in Los Angeles, but it wouldn't go into general release until September.^[8]
• A solar eclipse transpired.
• Born: Ben Roy Mottelson, Danish-American nuclear physicist and Nobel Prize laureate, in Chicago

July 10, 1926 (Saturday)

• In a 4 a.m. vote following an all-night session, France's Chamber of Deputies voted to approve granting Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux the extraordinary powers he sought to address the country's economic crisis. The matter was then to go to the Finance Committee.^[9]
• Bobby Jones won the U.S. Open, becoming the first golfer to win the British and U.S. Open in the same year.
• A bolt of lightning struck Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey. The resulting fire caused several million pounds of explosives to blow up in the next two to three days.
• Macedonians from Bulgaria conducted the first of a series of raids across the border of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.^[10]
• Born: Fred Gwynne, actor and author, in New York City (d. 1993)

July 11, 1926 (Sunday)

• 20,000 French veterans of World War I paraded silently through the rainy streets of Paris to protest the Mellon-Berenger Agreement. Blind and maimed veterans led the procession to the Place des États-Unis where they laid wreaths, as well as plaques explaining their position that the debt settlement would ruin France.^[11]
• The Kuomintang captured Changsha.^[12]

July 12, 1926 (Monday)

• General Motors acquired the Flint Institute of Technology in Michigan and renamed it the General Motors Institute of Technology. Today it is known as Kettering University.
• Died: Gertrude Bell, 57, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq"; and John W. Weeks, 66, American politician in the Republican Party

July 13, 1926 (Tuesday)

• In Florence, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy took a boy who had just been hit by a train into his auto and rushed the boy to hospital. The boy died in the car.^[13]

July 14, 1926 (Wednesday)

• Ziya Hurşit and thirteen others were publicly hanged in Turkey for conspiring to assassinate President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
• In New York, Linton Wells and Edward Steptoe Evans completed their flight around the world in 28 days, 14 hours and 37 minutes, beating the old record of 35 days set by John Henry Mears in 1913.^[14][15]
• Born: Harry Dean Stanton, actor and musician, in West Irvine, Kentucky

July 15, 1926 (Thursday)

• The Belgian government granted King King Albert of Belgium six months of practically unlimited powers to try to stop the country's worsening inflation problem.^[16]
• BEST buses first ran in Mumbai, India.
• Born: Leopoldo Galtieri, President of Argentina, in Caseros, Buenos Aires (d. 2003)

July 16, 1926 (Friday)

• The Finance Committee of the Chamber of Deputies voted 14-13 against granting Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux the power to legislate by decree to address the currency devaluation crisis, which worsened as the bourse closed with the franc trading at 206.40 to the British pound and 42.49 to the U.S. dollar.^[17]
• Jack Delaney defeated Paul Berlenbach to win boxing's World Light Heavyweight Title.
• Born: Stanley Clements, actor and comedian, in Long Island, New York (d. 1981); and Irwin Rose, biologist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, in Brooklyn, New York
• Died: Donald Ring Mellett, 34, American editor who was murdered after confronting organized crime in his newspaper Canton Daily News

July 17, 1926 (Saturday)

• The Aristide Briand government fell in France.^[18]
• In Mexico City, a meeting of Catholics resolved to organize a nationwide boycott to protest the Calles Law. The boycott covered items that constituted a large part of government income (such as lottery tickets), items subject to heavy excise duties (such as stamps), and items subject to heavy import duties.^[19]
• Born: William Pierson, actor, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2004)

July 18, 1926 (Sunday)

• An anonymous editorial titled "Pink Powder Puffs" was published in the Chicago Daily Tribune which blamed actor Rudolph Valentino for the installation of a face-powder dispenser in a new men's public washroom and implied that he was responsible for the feminization of American men. Valentino was enraged.^[20]
• Lucien Buysse of Belgium won the 1926 Tour de France.
• Jules Goux of France won the inaugural Spanish Grand Prix.
• The Charley Chase short film comedy Mighty Like a Moose opened.
• Born: Margaret Laurence, writer, in Neepawa, Manitoba, Canada (d. 1987); Robert Sloman, writer, in Oldham, Lancashire, England (d. 2005)

July 19, 1926 (Monday)

• Rudolph Valentino responded to the previous day's editorial in the Tribune with an essay of his own for the Chicago Herald-Examiner, challenging the writer to come forward and face him in a boxing or wrestling match. The author did not come forward, to Valentino's disappointment.^[21]
• Rumored dissensions among the crew of the airship Norge in the recent North Pole expedition fell into the public sphere as Umberto Nobile shot back at a statement Lincoln Ellsworth had made which denied that Nobile had piloted the airship. Nobile insisted that he steered the entire flight and asserted that Ellsworth was "just a passenger."^[22]
• Born: Helen Gallagher, actress, in New York City

July 20, 1926 (Tuesday)

• Édouard Herriot took over as Prime Minister of France as the franc continued to plummet, down to 49.22 against the U.S. dollar.^[23]
• The grand jury in the Aimee Semple McPherson case adjourned, finding insufficient evidence to indict McPherson and her mother on charges of manufacturing evidence and giving false testimony to police.^[7]

July 21, 1926 (Wednesday)

• In France, Raymond Poincaré agreed to come out of retirement and form a new government after the Chamber of Deputies overthrew the Cabinet of newly installed Prime Minister Édouard Herriot. The vote of defeat occurred following a statement from Finance Minister Anatole de Monzie that the country was on the verge of bankruptcy.^[24]

July 22, 1926 (Thursday)

• In a publicity stunt for the Citizens' Military Training Camp, Babe Ruth caught a baseball dropped from an altitude of about 300 feet from a passing airplane at Mitchel Field on Long Island. It took him seven tries.^[25]
• The Astoria Column was dedicated in Astoria, Oregon.
• Died: Willard Louis, 44, American stage and actor

July 23, 1926 (Friday)

• Raymond Poincaré formed the new government in France. He took the positions of both Prime Minister and Finance Minister.
• New revelations came out in the Aimee Semple McPherson kidnapping mystery, as claims surfaced that McPherson had been around Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, living in a rented cottage with a man named Kenneth Ormiston during the time she was allegedly kidnapped.^[7]

July 24, 1926 (Saturday)

• Britain's first greyhound racing track opened at Belle Vue Stadium in Manchester.

July 25, 1926 (Sunday)

• An episcopal letter to the churchgoers of Mexico was published in newspapers around the country, announcing that after the Calles Law goes into effect on July 31, religious services would no longer be held in the churches as an expression of protest.^[26]
• Born: Whitey Lockman, baseball player, in Gastonia, North Carolina (d. 2009)

July 26, 1926 (Monday)

• Raymond Poincaré of France announced his plan to stabilize the franc by rebalancing the budget with new business taxes, as well as tariffs aimed at protecting imports from French colonies. Markets responded favourably as the franc rebounded to 39 against the U.S. dollar.^[27]
• The legislature of the Philippines adopted a plebiscite resolution on independence, but it was vetoed by the governor.^[10]
• Born: James Best, actor, in Powderly, Kentucky (d. 2015); and Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei bantustan (d. 1994)
• Died: Robert Todd Lincoln, 82, last surviving son of Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln

July 27, 1926 (Tuesday)

• Britain reached an agreement with Lincoln Clark Andrews, the chief of Prohibition enforcement in the United States, to thwart liquor smuggling into the U.S.^[14]
• Born: Doris Satterfield, baseball player, in Belmont, North Carolina (d. 1993)

July 28, 1926 (Wednesday)

• The United States and Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty, allowing the American military to conduct peacetime maneuvers on Panamanian territory and obligating Panama to go to war if the U.S. ever did. The treaty was very unpopular in Panama.^[10]
• Born: Walt Brown, politician, in Los Angeles

July 29, 1926 (Thursday)

• Two thousand pilgrims from Milan attempting to visit the church of the Madonna del Sasso in Locarno were barred entry into Switzerland by Italian authorities. Mussolini had ordered Italians to spend their money within Italy.^[28]

July 30, 1926 (Friday)

• Nine were wounded in Mexico City when police fired on churchgoers who refused to leave the San Rafael church. It was reported throughout the city that fire fighters used water cannons to disperse angry crowds who were throwing stones at authorities.^[29]
• The Albanian Border Treaty was signed, in which Britain, France, Greece, Italy, and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes settled the frontiers of Albania.^[10]
• Born: Thomas Patrick Russell, judge of the High Court of England and Wales

July 31, 1926 (Saturday)

• Three were reportedly killed, many wounded and about 50 arrested in rioting as the Calles Law went into effect in Mexico.^[30]
• The French Chamber of Deputies voted in favour of Raymond Poincaré's drastic taxation plan.^[31]

References

1. Russell, Peter H. "Discretion and the Reserve Powers of the Crown". Canadian Parliamentary Review. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
2. Martínez, Anne M. (2014). Catholic Borderlands: Mapping Catholicism onto American Empire 1905–1935. Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-0-8032-4877-9.
3. Rue, Larry (July 6, 1926). "Pope Attacks Mexico; Orders Day of Prayers". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
4. Wales, Henry (July 7, 1926). "Caillaux Demands Power of Dictator of French Finance". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
5. Wales, Henry (July 8, 1926). "Blasts Hope for France's O.K. on U.S. Debt Accord". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
6. Hammond, Lorimer (July 9, 1926). "Fists Fly over House of Lords Mines Debate". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
7. Shaefer, Sylvia Anne (2004). "Sister Aimee Defends Herself". Chelsea House Publishers. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
8. "The Son of the Sheik". Silent Era. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
9. "Caillaux Given Czardom of French Funds". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 10, 1926. p. 1.
10. "Chronology 1926". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
11. Wales, Henry (July 12, 1926). "War Maimed of France Protest U.S. Debt Pact". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1 and 4.
12. Bowman, John Stewart, ed. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 62. ISBN 0231110049.
13. "Boy Run Over by Train Dies in King of Italy's Auto". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 14, 1926. p. 1.
14. Webster, Edward (December 31, 1926). "Chronology of the Year 1926" (PDF). Livonia Gazette. Livonia, New York: 3.
15. "Round the Globe". Townsville Bulletin. Queensland: 4. July 16, 1926.
16. "Both Houses O.K. Belgian King as Money Dictator". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 16, 1926. p. 15.
17. "Caillaux Loses First Move for Dictatorship of France". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 17, 1926. p. 2.
18. "French Vote Down Dictator". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 18, 1926. p. 1.
19. Cornyn, John (July 18, 1926). "Catholics Open Boycott War to Humble Mexico". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 6.
20. King, Gilbert (June 13, 2012). "The 'Latin Lover' and His Enemies". Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
21. Ferguson, Michael (2005). Idol Worship: A Shameless Celebration of Male Beauty in the Movies (2nd Ed.). STARbooks. p. 25. ISBN 1-891855-48-4.
22. "Norge Flight Dispute Gets Down to Case of 'You Did', 'You Didn't'". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 20, 1926. p. 2.
23. Wales, Henry (July 21, 1926). "France Faces Panic; Herriot Faces Fall". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
24. Wales, Henry (July 22, 1926). "Paris Riots; Call Poincaré". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
25. "Babe Ruth Catches Ball From Airplane; Seventh Attempt Gives Him World's Record". The New York Times. July 23, 1926.
26. Cornyn, John (July 26, 1926). "Mexico Priests to Quit, Leave Churches Open". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
27. Wales, Henry (July 27, 1926). "Poincaré Plans 10 Tonic Doses and France Brightens Up". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
28. "Italy Halts Pilgrims' Journey to Swiss Shrine". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 30, 1926. p. 15.
29. "Fire on Mexican Catholics". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 31, 1926. p. 1.
30. "Troops Kill 3 in Church War in Mexico". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 1, 1926. p. 1.
31. Wales, Henry (August 1, 1926). "France Strips to Save Self". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.