Massachusetts Governor's Council

Massachusetts Governor's Council

The Massachusetts Governor's Council (also known as the Executive Council) is a governmental body that provides advice and consent in certain matters – such as judicial nominations, pardons, and commutations – to the Governor of Massachusetts. Councillors are elected by the general public and their duties are set forth in the Massachusetts Constitution.

Historical precursors

The Massachusetts Bay Colony received its first royal charter in 1629, with the founding of Boston following the arrival in 1630 of Governor John Winthrop and a fleet of principally Puritan settlers. The colony's governance was based on this charter, which included the establishment of a "council of assistants". The assistants were a body of magistrates who not only decided judicial cases, but also played a role in the colony's lawmaking. The assistants were elected by the colony's freemen.

After the colony's original charter was revoked in 1684, there was the short-lived Dominion of New England (1686-1689), which was succeeded in the territories of modern Massachusetts and Maine by the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The charter for the province called for "eight and twenty assistants, or counsellors, to be advising and assisting to the governor" who were to be chosen annually by the Great and General Court.^[1] It further specified that the council was to assume the duties of the governor in the absence of both the royal governor and lieutenant governor (who were appointed by the crown), and enumerated some of the specific issues on which the council was to advise the governor. During the provincial period, the relationship between the governor and council was sometimes difficult, since the council represented colonial interests which diverged from the crown interests of the governor.

Composition

Massachusetts Governor's Councillors Districts, 2012^[2]

The Council is composed of eight councilors and the governor or lieutenant governor, who presides over the Council. The Massachusetts Constitution specifies that "the governor, and in his absence the lieutenant governor, shall be president of the council, but shall have no vote in council: and the lieutenant governor shall always be a member of the council except when the chair of the governor shall be vacant."^[3]

The eight councilors are elected every two years, one for each of eight councillor districts, residency in the district is not a requirement. The council membership was originally non elected appointment by the governor. The state constitution upon the prompting of the American Party (Know Nothings) in 1854 was changed to make the council an^[4] elected position open to all state residents.^[5] The Governor's Council districts are specially composed. Each district consists of the entirety of five contiguous Massachusetts Senate districts.

There are provisions in the Massachusetts Constitution for filling unexpected vacancies. If a seat on the Council becomes vacant, the General Court may, by concurrent vote, select some person from the relevant councillor district to fill the opening.^[6] If the General Court is not in session, the Governor may select the new councillor, with the advice and consent of the existing Council.

District	Councillor	Party	Assumed office
First	Joseph Ferreira	Democratic	2015
Second	Robert Jubinville	Democratic	2013
Third	Marilyn Petitto Devaney	Democratic	1999
Fourth	Christopher Iannella, Jr.	Democratic	1993
Fifth	Eileen Duff	Democratic	2013
Sixth	Terrence Kennedy	Democratic	2011
Seventh	Jennie Caissie	Republican	2011
Eighth	Michael Albano	Democratic	2013
Source: Massachusetts Government web site[7]

Duties

The Council generally meets at noon on Wednesdays in its State House Chamber, next to the Governor's Office. Pursuant to the Massachusetts Constitution, the Governor may, in general and at his discretion, from time to time assemble the Council for the ordering and directing the affairs of the commonwealth.^[8] In addition, the Governor must seek the advice and consent of the Council with respect to nominations of judicial officers,^[9] appointment and removal of notaries public and justices of the peace,^[10] issuance of pardons and commutations,^[11] and payment of monies from the treasury.^[12]

Annual compensation in 2016 was $36,025.^[13]

The outside conduct of some councillors has drawn public scrutiny in recent years. Felony assault charges were dismissed in July 2008 against one councilor, Marilyn Devaney.^[14] In the 2008 election, councillor Kelly A. Timilty falsified the endorsement of the governor and later was fined.^[15] The 2008 election generated higher than usual interest in Council seats,^[16] but all of the incumbents were reelected.^[17]

Role in gubernatorial succession

Originally, the Massachusetts Constitution placed the Governor's Council in the line of executive succession. If the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor were both vacant, the Council would act as chief executive.^[18] During the colonial period this occurred three times. Following statehood, it occurred only once. After the death of Governor Increase Sumner in 1799, Lieutenant Governor Moses Gill became Acting Governor, and following his death in 1800 the council chaired by Thomas Dawes succeeded to the governorship.

The constitutional line of succession was amended in 1918 to remove the Council and insert the "secretary, attorney-general, treasurer and receiver-general, and auditor," in that order.^[19]

References

1. ''The Charters and General Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts''. Books.google.com. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
2. "Governor's Council District Map". Massachusetts State Legislature. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
3. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 2, art. 2". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
4. The Know-Nothing party in Massachusetts : the rise and fall of a people's movement / John R. Mulkern
5. Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 3, arts. 1 & 2, as amended by art. XIV.
6. Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 3, art. 7, as amended by art. XXV.
7. "Massachusetts Governor's Council". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
8. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 4". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
9. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 9, as amended". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
10. Massachusetts Constitution, Articles of Amendment, Arts. IV & XXXVII.
11. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 8, as amended by art. LXXIII". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
12. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 1, art. 11, as amended". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
13. Stout, Matt (July 17, 2015). "Pay hike for Governor's Council approved by Gov. Baker". Boston Herald.
14. Pazzanese, Christina (August 1, 2008). "Governor's councilor apologizes; felony assault charges dismissed; No admission to hitting clerk". Boston Globe. p. B2.
15. Viser, Matt (November 25, 2008). "Falsified endorsement costs politician $8,000". Boston Globe. p. B1.
16. Preer, Robert (September 7, 2008). "Few free rides for Governor's Council seats". Boston Globe. p. 1.
17. "Massachusetts Secretary of State, 2008 Return of Votes, at 3-4. (last visited January 3, 2009)" (PDF). Retrieved July 26, 2012.
18. "Massachusetts Constitution, pt. II, c. 2, § 3, art. VI". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
19. "Massachusetts Constitution, Articles of Amendment art. LV". Mass.gov. Retrieved July 26, 2012.

External links

• Official site