Kodo (taiko group)
| Kodō | |
|---|---|
|
Logo for Kodō | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Sado Island, Japan |
| Genres | Taiko |
| Years active | 1981–present |
| Labels | Red Ink |
| Website |
www |
Kodō (鼓童) is a professional taiko drumming troupe. Based on Sado Island, Japan, they have had a role in popularizing taiko drumming, both in Japan and abroad. They regularly tour Japan, Europe, and the United States. In Japanese the word "Kodo" conveys two meanings: "heartbeat" the primal source of all rhythm and, read in a different way, the word can mean "children of the drum".
Although taiko are the primary instrument in their performances, other traditional Japanese musical instruments such as fue and shamisen make an appearance on stage as do traditional dance and vocal performance. Kodo's repertoire include pieces based on the traditional rhythms of regional Japan, pieces composed for Kodo by contemporary songwriters, and pieces written by Kodo members themselves. Since their debut at the Berlin Festival in 1981, Kodo has had almost 4,000 performances,[1] spending about a third of the year overseas, a third touring in Japan and a third resting and preparing new material on Sado Island.
History
Kodo was formed in 1981 and made their debut at the Berliner Philharmonie in the same year.[2][3] Kodo is sometimes considered to be simply renamed from the taiko group Ondekoza organized in 1971.[4][5][6] Indeed, Kodo was formed out of the existing members of Ondekoza, but their leader, Den Tagayasu left the group before the transition and lead performer Eitetsu Hayashi left quickly thereafter. Tagayasu continued to use the name Ondekoza for his new group,[7] and required the group to choose a new name. Hayashi, who departed from the group soon after its founding to begin a solo career,[8] suggested the name "Kodo".[9] Hayashi created the name based on the dual meaning of the word; the first, "drum children," was based on feedback from mothers that their music lulled their children to sleep. The second meaning, "heartbeat" originated from comparing the sound of taiko drums to the sound of a mother's heartbeat on her child in the womb.[10]
The group spent the next 7 years touring Europe, Japan, North and South Americas and the Far East. Following this, they founded Kodo village on Sado Island, and also started an annual Earth Celebration, an international arts festival on Sado Island that is managed by the city of Sado and the Kodo Cultural Foundation.
Kodo had three sold out performances at the 1984 Olympic Arts Festival in Los Angeles,[11] a 10-week event which preceded the 1984 Summer Olympics.[12]
In 1989, the group held its first drum workshop, referred to as Kodo Juku[13] which includes introducing their training regiment and their approach to taiko performance. These workshops are held up to four times a year and do not require any background in drumming.[14]
The non-profit Kodo Cultural Foundation was established in 1997, and three years later, they founded the Kodo Arts Sphere America organization in North America. This organization started to present workshop tours in 2003.
Reputation
Kodo is arguably the most well-known and respected taiko group worldwide and has been considered an ambassador group for taiko performance outside Japan.[3][15] One component of their reputation stems from their training regimen, which at one time, included long distance running twice daily. A report on Kodo's training in 1989 stated that their approach had been toned down, but was still "disciplined" according to the program director, where performers would only run ten kilometers each morning.[6]
In performance, players are often seen wearing a sole loin-cloth called fundoshi as a component of attire. Internal publications from the group state that they are used to help focus a player's strength while performing.[16] Others have noted that the use of fundoshi clearly represents a masculine component to the Kodo's performance. After their performance at the 1984 Olympics, Mark Swed of the Los Angeles Herald wrote, "Glistening back muscles of a sweaty loin-clothed drummer are strikingly lit as he strikes the great o-daiko (large taiko) with massive sticks in a performance as much athletic as it is musical."[17]
Associated organizations
There are three organizations that handle Kodo's activities. Kitamaesen is the corporate that manages member salaries, employment, tour booking, and is a general managing entity.[18] Otodaiku, manages group copyrights, the development and sale of musical instruments used in Kodo's performance, and the groups recordings.[19] The group's non-profit activities, such as the Sado Island Taiko Center (佐渡太鼓体験交流館 Sado Taiko Taiken Kōryūkan) are organized under the Kodo Cultural Foundation.[20]
Kodo Village
Kodo Village is a collection of buildings intended for Kodo's management and tour staff, and represents their headquarters. The Village is situated in Ogi on the southern part of Sado Island.[21] Construction of these buildings began in the mid 1980s. The first building, an administrative center, was completed in 1988, and by 1992, a rehearsal hall, a dormitory, and a reception house were also constructed.[22]
Originally, the concept of the village was proposed by Den Tagayasu prior to his departure from the group; he intended to develop a sort of academy for artisan craft and performance arts.[22] However, after the project was initiated by Toshio Kawauchi, its purpose shifted toward integrating Kodo's presence more permanently on Sado Island.[23] Prior to Kodo Village, the group rented out an abandoned schoolhouse as its Apprentice Center.[24] Furthermore, the Village was also used as a way to improve the group's relations with residents on Sado Island, which helped facilitate festivals such as the annual Earth Celebration Festival, which brings together musicians from around the world not only for performance purposes but also to exchange cultural ideas and crafts between Sado Island and the rest of the world.[22]
Awards
Kodo received the MIDEM Music Video (Long Form) Award at the 3rd International Visual Music Festival in Cannes in 1994, as well as the Japanese Foreign Ministry Award noting their cultural contributions through the Earth Celebration event on Sado Island.[25] They were also the recipient of the Matsuo Performing Arts Award for Japanese Music in 2012.[26]
Members
As of May 2014, there are 32 performing members (26 men, 6 women) in Kodo and 28 staff members involved in Kitamaesen and Otodaiku. The Kodo Cultural Foundation maintains a staff of 12. Apprentices and part-time workers included, there are about 100 persons involved in Kodo or its related organizations.
Apprentices who hope to be performers spend two years living and training together communally in a converted school on Sado Island. After this period, apprentices who have been selected to become junior, probationary members spend one more year training and practicing in which they may be selected to become full members of Kodo.
Originally, Kodo members lived separate from the Sado Island community. This is still true of the younger members who live together in the Kodo village, but senior members now live outside the village in nearby communities.
Performing members
As of May 2014:[27]
|
|
|
Staff
As of December 2013:[28]
|
|
|
Discography
| Date | English | Japanese | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Heartbeat Drummers of Japan | ||
| 1988 | Ubu-Suna | 産土 (うぶすな) | |
| 1989 | Blessing of the Earth | ||
| 1990 | Irodori | 彩 | Gold Disc Award for Japanese classical music |
| 1991 | Gathering | ||
| 1991 | Mono-Prism | モノプリズム | |
| 1992 | Kaiki | 回帰 | |
| 1993 | Best of Kodo | ||
| 1994 | Nasca Fantasy | ナスカ幻想 | with Isao Tomita |
| 1995 | The Hunted | ハンテッド | Original Motion Picture soundtrack |
| 1995 | Kodo Live at the Acropolis[29] | 鼓童~アクロポリス・ライブ~ | |
| 1996 | Ibuki | いぶき | |
| 1998 | Against | ||
| 1999 | Sai-Sō: The Remix Project | 再創 | |
| 1999 | Ibuki Remix | 再創~“いぶき”・リミックス・アルバム | |
| 1999 | Warabe | 童 | |
| 1999 | tsutsumi | 鼓 | |
| 2000 | Tataku: The Best of Kodo II (1994–1999) | ||
| 2001 | Mondo Head | モンド・ヘッド | |
| 2002 | FIFA 2002 World Cup Official Anthem | ||
| 2003 | Hero | soundtrack | |
| 2004 | Sadoe – One Earth Tour Special | 佐渡へ~鼓童ワン・アース・ツアー スペシャル~ | |
| 2005 | prism rhythm | ||
| 2011 | Akatsuki | ||
| 2014 | Mystery | 神秘 |
See also
References
- ↑ Hadley, Simon. "Drum ensemble head to Birmingham". Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ↑ Henry Mabley Johnson; Jerry C. Jaffe (2008). Performing Japan: Contemporary Expressions of Cultural Identity. Global Oriental. p. 37. ISBN 1905246315.
- 1 2 Jeff Yang; Dina Gan; Terry Hong (1997). Eastern standard time: a guide to Asian influence on American culture from Astro boy to Zen Buddhism. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 039576341X.
- ↑ Simon J. Bronner, ed. (2005). Manly traditions : the folk roots of American masculinities. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 144. ISBN 0253217814.
- ↑ Paulene, Thomas (1999). Gerry Bloustein, ed. Musical visions : selected conference proceedings from 6th National Australian/New Zealand IASPM and Inaugural Arnhem Land Performance Conference, Adelaide, Australia, June 1998. Kent Town, S. Aust.: Wakefield Press. ISBN 1862545006.
- 1 2 Tagashira, Gail (3 February 1989). "Local Groups Share Taiko Drum Heritage". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ↑ Bronner 2005, p. 154.
- ↑ "Eitetsu Hayashi". Musical America. Front Cover ABC Consumer Magazines. 11: 32. 1991.
- ↑ Bender, Shawn (2012). Taiko boom Japanese drumming in place and motion. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 98,103–104. ISBN 0520951433.
- ↑ Bender 2012, p. 97.
- ↑ Bronner 2005, p. 151.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Robert. "The Olympic Arts Festival" (PDF). Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ↑ "Workshop Catalogue". Kodo. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ↑ Kodo - One Earth Tour 2003 (PDF). New York: Carnegie Hall. March 2003. p. 42.
- ↑ Japan Spotlight: Economy, Culture & History. Japan: Japan Economic Foundation. 2006. p. 52.
- ↑ "Kodo Costume" (PDF). Kodo eNews. Kitamaesen. December 2010. p. 4. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ↑ Swed, Mark (28 June 1984). "Kodo: The Rockettes of Japanese Folk Music". Los Angeles Herald.
- ↑ Bender 2012, p. 99.
- ↑ Bender 2012, p. 103.
- ↑ Bender 2012, p. 200.
- ↑ "Kodo Village". KODO. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 Bender 2012, p. 101.
- ↑ Bender 2013, p. 101.
- ↑ Bender 2013, p. 16.
- ↑ "KODO HISTORY". Sony Music. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ↑ "松尾芸能賞". Matsuo Entertainment Development Foundation. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
- ↑ "Members of Kodo, Taiko Performing Arts Ensemble". KODO. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ↑ "Kitamaesen Co., Ltd., Otodaiku Co., Ltd. Staff Members". KODO. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ↑ Bambarger, Bradley (5 April 1997). "Japan's Kodo Drums Up Global Auidence". Billboard. Retrieved 30 December 2014.