Kulashekhara Alwar

Kulasekhara Azhwar
Born A.D 800 [1][2]
thiruvanchaikalam
Titles/honours Alvar saint
Philosophy Vaishnava Bhakti
Literary works Mukundamala, Perumal Tirumozhi
Also a king of Later Chera Kingdom

Kulashekhara Varman, also known as Kulashekhara Alvar or Kulashekhara Nayanar, was one of the Alwars. According to traditional scriptures, he was born in the 27th year after the beginning of the Kali Era (3102 BC), thus 3075 BC.[3]

Kulasekhara is one of the twelve Tamil alwar saints of South India, who are known for their affiliation to Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. The verses of the alwars are compiled as Nalayira Divya Prabandham and the 108 temples revered are classified as Divya desam. He is considered the seventh in the line of the twelve alwars. He authored the Sanskrit lyrics Mukundamala and Perumal Tirumozhi, which are compiled as a part of Nalayira Divya Prabandham. He is sometimes identified as Kulasekhara, the author of the Sanskrit works such as Tapatisamvaranam, Subhadradhananjaya and Vichchinnabhiseka.[4] The verses of Kulasekhara and other azhwars are recited as a part of daily prayers and during festive occasions in most Vishnu temples in South India.

Early life

Born in Periyar, Kerala,[5] he was son of Drdhavrata.[6] As per scriptural evidence, Kuleshekara Alwar incarnated on this earth in the 27th year after the beginning of the Kali Era (3102 BC), thus 3075 BC.

As a king

Kulashekhara is believed to have been a king from the Kerala region and he is regarded by some to have ruled Kolli (modern-day Uraiyur), Koodal (modern day Madurai) and Kongu.[7] The given date of his period is said to be 800–820 AD, as a king of the later Chera Dynasty. It is further suggested that he could not have flourished after the end of the 9th century,[8] and a king of Pallava dynasty (2nd century – 9th century) further claims to have defeated the Chera.[9]

As saint

He is revered as the seventh of the twelve alvars, saints whose works contributed to the philosophical and theological ideas of Vaishnavism. He is also one of the celebrated Vaishnavite alvar poet-saints of the Bhakti movement in South India. The Bhakti movement consolidated the Vedic religion in the region by introducing it to common people.[10]

Works and hymns

He is the author of Mukundamala,[11] a devotional lyric in Sanskrit. He contributed to one of the works in the Divya Prabhandham, namely Perumal Thirumozhi. These works consists of 105 poems out of the 4,000 hymns written by the Alvar poet-saints.[7] His poems are devotional in nature, being dedicated to the most prominent Avatars of Vishnu (Rama and Krishna).

A devotee of Rama, he considered the painful experiences of Rama to be his own. He is therefore also known as ‘Perum-al’, meaning "The Great’ – an epithet for the Lord. His devotion was so intense that he worshipped the devotees as forms of Vishnu. In one song, he identifies himself with Devaki, the biological mother of Krishna, from whom Krishna was taken away to Gokul where Nanda and Yasodha, the foster parents, looked after them. Kulasekara expresses Devaki's desolation at being separated from her child and for union with him. This is the same sense of sorrow of separation and yearning for union that pervades the outpourings of all the mystic poets of India.[12][13]

Mannarkoyil Temple

Kulashekhara Alwar is thought to have died in Tamil Nadu at Mannarkoyil, where there is a temple called Kulasekara Alwar Koyil. The mural inscriptions there informs that the temple was consecrated to his memory by Vasudevan of Mullappalli, Kerala (Malaimandalam).[14]

Sri Srinivasa Perumal Kulasekara Azhwar temple at the birthplace of Kulasekhara Alwar is at Thirukkulasearapuram, within the limits of Thiruvanjikulam, near Kodungallur in Thrissur district, Kerala.

Travancore royal family

The Maharajas of Travancore, custodians of the famous Padmanabhaswamy Temple, are descendants of Kulasekhara Alwar. One of the titles the Maharajas had was Kulasekhara Perumal and the family still possesses his 'Cheramudi' (crown).

Notes

  1. ↑ L. Annapoorna (2000). Music and temples, a ritualistic approach. p. 23. ISBN 9788175740907.
  2. ↑ Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1911). Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India. pp. 403–404. ISBN 9788120618503.
  3. ↑ M. Srinivasachariar (1974). History of Classical Sanskrit Literature: Being an Elaborate Account of All Branches of Classical Sanskrit Literature, with Full Epigraphical and Archaeological Notes and References, an Introduction Dealing with Language, Philology, and Chronology, and Index of Authors & Works. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. pp. 278–. ISBN 978-81-208-0284-1.
  4. ↑ Menon, Sreedhara A. (1967). A Survey of Kerala History. D. C. Books Kottayam.
  5. ↑ "A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular", p. 29, by Sisir Kumar Das
  6. ↑ History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, p. 277, by M. Srinivasachariar
  7. 1 2 Dalal 2011, p. 214
  8. ↑ "Mukundamālā", p. 16, by K. P. A. Menon
  9. ↑ "A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century", by Upinder Singh, p. 55, ISBN 9788131716779
  10. ↑ Lochtefeld, James (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 337. ISBN 9780823931798.
  11. ↑ Ishwarananda, Swami (2013). Mukunda Mala. Mumbai, India: Chinmaya Publications. p. 2. ISBN 9788175975699.
  12. ↑ V. K., Subramanian (2007). 101 Mystics of India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-471-6.
  13. ↑ Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1982). Krishna Theatre In India. Abhinav Publications. p. 87. ISBN 9788170171515.
  14. ↑ The contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit Literature; K.Kunjunni Raja; University of Madras 1980; page 2

References

External links

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