Lampung

Lampung
Province
Clockwise, from top left : Mount Anak Krakatau, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Port of Bakauheni, Pahawang Islands

Flag
Seal
Motto: "Sai Bumi Ruwa Jurai"

Location of Lampung in Indonesia
Coordinates: 5°27′S 105°16′E / 5.450°S 105.267°E / -5.450; 105.267Coordinates: 5°27′S 105°16′E / 5.450°S 105.267°E / -5.450; 105.267
Country  Indonesia
Capital Bandar Lampung
Government
 • Governor Muhammad Ridho Ficardo
Area
 • Total 35,376 km2 (13,659 sq mi)
Population (2014)[1]
 • Total 7,972,246
 • Density 230/km2 (580/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups Javanese (62%), Sundanese (9%), Lampung (25%), Malay (4%), Bantenese (3%) [2]
 • Religion Muslim (92%), Protestant (1.8%), Catholic (0.8%), Hinduism (1.7%), Buddhist (0.3%)
 • Languages Indonesian
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Vehicle registration BE
HDI Decrease 0.664 (Medium)
HDI rank 24th (2014)
Website lampungprov.go.id

Lampung is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra and borders the provinces of Bengkulu and South Sumatra which lie to the north. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak their own language and have their own alphabet. Its capital is Bandar Lampung.

The province had a population of 7,596,115 at the 2010 census;[1] the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is 7,972,246. Three quarters of the current population of Lampung is descended from migrants from Java, Madura, and Bali. These migrants came on their initiative, in search of more land than was available on the more densely populated islands, and as part of the national government's transmigration program, for which Lampung was one of the earliest and most significant transmigration destinations.

Lampung is commonly known for its geological instability in terms of earthquakes and volcanoes. On 10 May 2005, an earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck the province. The historical volcano blast of Krakatau which occurred in 1883, had disastrous consequences.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1971 2,777,008—    
1980 4,624,785+66.5%
1990 6,017,573+30.1%
1995 6,657,759+10.6%
2000 6,741,439+1.3%
2010 7,596,115+12.7%
2014 7,972,246+5.0%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010

History

The area was part of the Banten Sultanate until it was annexed by the Dutch in 1752 and then became known as Residentie Lampoengse Districten.[3] It was part of the Dutch East Indies.

Administrative divisions

Lampung Province is subdivided into twelve regencies (kabupaten) and two autonomous cities (kota), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and at the most recent (January 2014) estimates. A thirteenth regency – West Pesisir Regency – was formed on 25 October 2012 from part of West Lampung Regency, but no separate statistics are yet available.

Name Area (km2) Population
Census 2010 		Population
Estimate 2014 		Capital
Bandar Lampung City118.50879,651923,970 Bandar Lampung
Metro City68.74145,346152,428 Metro
South Lampung Regency
(Lampung Selatan)		2,109.74909,989956,126 Kalianda
East Lampung Regency
(Lampung Timur)		5,325.03950,574997,147 Sukadana
Mesuji Regency432.60187,286196,369 Mesuji
North Lampung Regency
(Lampung Utara)		2,725.63583,925612,218 Kotabumi
Pesawaran Regency2,243.51397,294417,921 Gedong Tataan
Pringsewu Regency625.00364,825382,841 Pringsewu
Central Lampung Regency
(Lampung Tengah)		4,789.80 1,170,0481,226,702 Gunung Sugih
Tanggamus Regency3,356.61534,595562,274 Kota Agung
Tulang Bawang Regency6,851.32397,079416,934 Menggala
Way Kanan Regency3,921.63406,735425,544 Blambangan Umpu
West Lampung Regency
(Lampung Barat)		4,950.40418,560439,076 Liwa
West Pesisir Regency
(Pesisir Barat)		*** Krui
West Tulang Bawang Regency
(Tulang Bawang Barat)		1,201.00250,208262,696 Panaragan Jaya
Total Province 34,623.807,596,1157,972,246 Bandar Lampung
Note

* – The area and population for West Pesisir Regency are included in the figures for West Lampung Residency given above.

Agriculture

Some of the major crop in the country includes robusta coffee beans, cocoa beans, coconuts and cloves. This has resulted in a thriving agricultural sector with companies like Nestlé procuring coffee beans from the region. This agriculture has included illegal growing in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.[4] In addition, Nata de coco is also manufactured in the region by domestic companies like Wong Coco.

Textiles

A couple from Lampung in traditional costume during colonial period.

Up until the 1920s, Lampung had a rich and varied weaving tradition. Lampung weaving used a supplementary weft technique which enabled coloured silk or cotton threads to be superimposed on a plainer cotton background. The most prominent Lampung textile was the Palepai, ownership of which was restricted to the Lampung aristocracy of the Kalianda Bay area.[5] There were two types of smaller cloths, known as tatibin and tampan, which could be owned and used by all levels of Lampungese society. Weaving technologies were spread throughout Lampung. High quality weavings were produced by the Paminggir, Krui, Abung and Pesisir peoples. Production was particularly prolific among the people of the Kalianda Bay area in the south and the Krui aristocracy in the north.

Lampung textiles, Palepai, tatebin and tampan were called 'ship cloths' because ships are a common motif.[6] The ship motif represents the transition from one realm of life to the next, for instances from boyhood to manhood or from being single to married and also represents the final transition to the afterlife.[5]

Traditionally, Lampung textiles were used as part of religious ceremonies such as weddings and circumcisions. For instance, the Palepai cloths were used as long ceremonial wall-hangings behind the bridal party in aristocratic marriages. The smaller, more humble tampan cloths were exchanged between families at the time of weddings.

Production of many fine cloths blossomed in the late nineteenth century as Lampung grew rich on pepper production, but the devastating eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 destroyed many weaving villages in the Kalianda area.[7] By the 1920s the increasing importance of Islam and the collapse of the pepper trade brought production to a halt [8] Today Lampung textiles are highly prized by collectors.

Railroads

A 270 kilometer long rail track is planned from Tanjung Enim to Lampung. This rail track would be used for coal transportation to boost coal exports.[9]

Tourism

Tourism is not Lampung Province's main income, although the administration will boost tourism by organising a tourism event, Flamboyant Tanjung Setia, to draw tourists visit to Tanjung Setia Beach which has natural panoramic view and challenging waves for surfing. Another tourist attraction is the "Way Kambas" elephants park, which is popular with local tourists. In 2010, there were 400,000 tourists who visited Lampung Province, including 10,000 foreign tourists who mainly came from Australia and New Zealand.[10]

In the recent years, the province has been largely popular for snorkeling and diving. Many domestic tourists as well as international ones from various diving communities had been visiting the different spots the province offers, such as: Pantai Ringgung, Pulau Tegal, Pulau Pahawang, Pulau Kelagian, Pulau Balak, Pulau Mahitam, and Tanjung Putus.

References

  1. 1 2 Central Bureau of Statistics: Census 2010, retrieved 17 January 2011 (Indonesian)
  2. ↑ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003.
  3. ↑ "Lampung Arms". Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  4. ↑ Claire Leow. Nestlé to scrutinize Indonesia coffee amid wildlife-endangerment fears, International Herald Tribune.
  5. 1 2 "Ceremonial Hanging (palepai)". Pacific Islands art. Dallas Museum of Art. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  6. ↑ Gittinger, M. Splendid Symbols, Textiles and Tradition in Indonesia. Textile Museum, Washintom D.C. 1979.Library of Congress No 79-50373 p.88
  7. ↑ Gittinger, Mattiebelle S, SOUTH SUMATRAN SHIP CLOTHS. 1979 www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/.../nb74_shp.pdf p.15
  8. ↑ Sudha Rajagopalan; Navigating Culture: Trade and Transformation in the Island State. The Permanent Exhibition on Indonesia. Museum Volkenkunde, Leiden.
  9. ↑ "Waspada Online – Pusat Berita dan Informasi Medan Sumut Aceh". Waspada.co.id. Retrieved 2016-07-24.
  10. ↑ "Waspada Online – Pusat Berita dan Informasi Medan Sumut Aceh". Waspada.co.id. Retrieved 2016-07-24.

Further reading

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