Olrog's gull
| Olrog's gull | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Laridae |
| Genus: | Larus |
| Species: | L. atlanticus |
| Binomial name | |
| Larus atlanticus Olrog, 1958 | |
Olrog's gull (Larus atlanticus) is a species of gull found along the Atlantic coast of southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the very similar L. belcheri. It is a large gull with a black back and wings, white head and underparts, a black band in the otherwise white tail, and a yellow bill with a red and black tip. Non-breeding adults have a blackish head and a white eye-ring. The species is named after Swedish-Argentine biologist Claes C. Olrog.[2][3] It has a rather restricted breeding range and is threatened by habitat loss, and the IUCN rate it as being "Near Threatened".
Description
Olrog’s gull is a large gull with a white head, neck, rump, breast and belly. The back and wings are black except for a white trailing edge to the wings. The tail is white with a broad black band at the back. The beak is yellow with a black band and red tip. The eyes are brown with a red orbital ring and the legs and feet are dull yellow. The length of this gull is 50 to 60 centimetres (20 to 24 in) and it has a wingspan of 130 to 140 centimetres (51 to 55 in). Males are a little larger than females. Juveniles have black heads and brownish plumage.[4]
Distribution
Olrog’s Gull is native to the Atlantic coast of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil. It breeds at a very limited number of colonies between 38.49° and 45.11°S, about two thirds of which are in the estuary of the Bahia Blanca River. It nests on the ground just above high-water mark, on low islands and islets. At other times it is to be seen on rocky coasts, harbours, beaches, coastal lagoons, brackish water and estuaries.[5]
Behavior
During the breeding season, Olrog’s gull feeds largely on crabs which are picked up from the exposed shore or the seabed while walking or swimming, or dipping under the surface of shallow water. At other times of year it supplements its crab diet with bivalve molluscs and polychaete worms. Other prey items include insects, gastropod molluscs, fish and fish waste and the birds sometimes visit sewage outlets and refuse dumps.[6]
Breeding starts in September and October. Olrog’s gull is monogamous and nests in dense colonies. The nest is on rock, sand or shingle and is usually lined with vegetation but sometimes with seaweed, feathers, shells or bones. Two or three olive-brown eggs with brown splotches are laid and the incubation period is about thirty days. Fledging takes place between November and January according to the location of the colony.[6]
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2013). "Larus atlanticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ↑ Handford, P. (April 1987). "In Memoriam: Claes Christian Olrog, 1912-1985". The Auk. 104 (2): 319–320. JSTOR 4087042.
- ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2009-09-28). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 592 (see p. 298). ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9. OCLC 270129903.
- ↑ "Larus atlanticus". NeoTropical Birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
- ↑ "Species factsheet: Larus atlanticus". BirdLife International. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
- 1 2 "Larus atlanticus". NeoTropical Birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
- José Fernando Pacheco; Joaquim Olinto Branco & Vitor de Queiroz Piacentini (2009). "Olrog's Gull Larus atlanticus in Santa Catarina, Brazil: northernmost occurrence and first state record". Cotinga. 31: 80–81.