LibreOffice

LibreOffice

LibreOffice 5.1 Start Center
Original author(s) StarDivision
Developer(s) The Document Foundation
Initial release 25 January 2011 (2011-01-25)
Stable release
  • "Fresh" version:
    5.2.3 (November 3, 2016 (2016-11-03)[1]) [±]
  • "Still" version:
    5.1.6 (October 27, 2016 (2016-10-27)[1]) [±]
Preview release

5.2.3 RC1 (October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)[2]) [±]

5.1.6 RC1 (October 8, 2016 (2016-10-08)[3]) [±]
Repository cgit.freedesktop.org/libreoffice
Development status Active
Written in C++, Java, and Python[4]
Operating system Linux, Windows, macOS,[5] FreeBSD, NetBSD, Android (Viewer)
Platform IA-32, x86-64, ARMel, ARMhf, MIPS, MIPSel, PowerPC, Sparc, S390, S390x, IA-64 (additional Debian platforms)[6]
Available in 110 languages[7]
Type Office suite
License MPLv2.0 (secondary license GPL, LGPLv3+ or Apache License 2.0)[8]
Website www.libreoffice.org

LibreOffice is the most actively developed[9] free and open source office suite, a project of The Document Foundation. It was forked from OpenOffice.org in 2010, which was an open-sourced version of the earlier StarOffice. The LibreOffice suite comprises programs for word processing, the creation and editing of spreadsheets, slideshows, diagrams and drawings, working with databases, and composing mathematical formulae. It is available in 110 languages.[7]

LibreOffice uses the international ISO/IEC standard OpenDocument file format (ODF) as its native format to save documents for all of its applications. LibreOffice also supports the file formats of most other major office suites, including Microsoft Office, through a variety of import/export filters.[10][11]

LibreOffice is available for a variety of computing platforms,[5] including Microsoft Windows, macOS (10.8 or newer), and Linux (including a LibreOffice Viewer for Android[12]). It is the default office suite of most popular Linux distributions.[13][14][15][16]

Between January 2011 (the first stable release) and October 2011, LibreOffice was downloaded approximately 7.5 million times.[17] The project claims 120 million unique downloading addresses from May 2011 to May 2015, excluding Linux distributions, with 55 million of those being from May 2014 to May 2015.[18]

Features

Included applications

Module Notes
Writer A word processor with similar functionality and file support to Microsoft Word or WordPerfect. It has extensive WYSIWYG word processing capabilities, but can also be used as a basic text editor.[11]
Calc A spreadsheet program, similar to Microsoft Excel or Lotus 1-2-3. It has a number of unique features, including a system which automatically defines series of graphs, based on information available to the user.[11][19]
Impress A presentation program resembling Microsoft PowerPoint. Presentations can be exported as SWF files, allowing them to be viewed on any computer with Adobe Flash Player installed.[11][20]
Draw A vector graphics editor and diagramming tool similar to Microsoft Visio and comparable in features to early versions of CorelDRAW. It provides connectors between shapes, which are available in a range of line styles and facilitate building drawings such as flowcharts. It also includes features similar to desktop publishing software such as Scribus and Microsoft Publisher.[21] It is also able to act as a PDF-file editor.
Math An application designed for creating and editing mathematical formulae. The application uses a variant of XML for creating formulas, as defined in the OpenDocument specification. These formulas can be incorporated into other documents in the LibreOffice suite, such as those created by Writer or Calc, by embedding the formulas into the document.[22]
Base A database management program, similar to Microsoft Access. LibreOffice Base allows the creation and management of databases, preparation of forms and reports that provide end users easy access to data. Like Access, it can be used to create small embedded databases that are stored with the document files (using Java-based HSQLDB as its storage engine), and for more demanding tasks it can also be used as a front-end for various database systems, including Access databases (JET), ODBC/JDBC data sources, and MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL or Microsoft Access.[11][23]

Work is ongoing to transition the embedded storage engine from HSQLDB to the C++ based Firebird SQL backend. Firebird has been included in LibreOffice as an experimental option since LibreOffice 4.2.[24][25]

Operating systems

LibreOffice Viewer on Android

The Document Foundation developers target LibreOffice for Microsoft Windows (IA-32 and x86-64), Linux (IA-32 and x86-64) and macOS (x86-64).[26] Community ports for FreeBSD,[27] NetBSD,[28] OpenBSD and OS X 10.5 PowerPC[29] receive support from contributors to those projects, respectively.[30][31][32] Libreoffice is also installable on OpenIndiana via SFE.[33]

LibreOffice Online will allow for the use of LibreOffice through a web browser by using the canvas element of HTML5. Development was announced at the first LibreOffice Conference in October 2011, and is ongoing.[34] LibreOffice announced a collaboration with Icewarp and Collabora to work on the cross-platform interface.[35][36] A version of the software was shown in a September 2015 conference,[37] and the UK Crown Commercial Service announced an interest in using the software.[38][39] On 15 December 2015, Collabora, in partnership with ownCloud, released a technical preview of Libreoffice Online branded as Collabora Online Development Edition (CODE).[40] By October 2016, Collabora had released nine updates to CODE.[41]

In 2011, developers announced plans to port LibreOffice both to Android and to iOS.[42] A beta version of a document viewer for Android 4.0 or newer was released in January 2015;[12] In May 2015, LibreOffice Viewer for Android was released with basic editing capabilities.[43]

In January 2015, a LibreOffice Impress remote app was unveiled[44] for the Pebble smartwatch.[45]

Unique features of LibreOffice

A detailed 60-page report in June 2015 compared the progress of the LibreOffice project with its cousin project Apache OpenOffice. It showed that "OpenOffice received about 10% of the improvements LibreOffice did in the period of time studied."[46]

Supported file formats

Miscellaneous features

LibreOffice can use the GStreamer multimedia framework in Linux to render multimedia content such as videos in Impress and other programs.

Visually, LibreOffice uses the large "Tango style" icons that are used for the application shortcuts, quick launch icons, icons for associated files and for the icons found on the toolbar of the LibreOffice programs.[57][58] They are also used on the toolbars and menus by default.

LibreOffice also ships with a modified theme which looks native on GTK-based Linux distributions. It also renders fonts via Cairo on Linux distributions; this means that text in LibreOffice is rendered the same as the rest of the Linux desktop.[59]

LibreOffice has a feature similar to WordArt called Fontwork.[60]

Licensing

The LibreOffice project uses a dual LGPLv3 (or later) / MPL 2.0 license for new contributions to allow the license to be upgraded.[61] Since the core of the OpenOffice.org codebase was donated to the Apache Software Foundation, there is an ongoing effort to get all the code rebased to ease future license updates. At the same time, there were complaints that IBM had not in fact released the Lotus Symphony code as open source, despite having claimed to. It was reported that some LibreOffice developers wanted to incorporate some code parts and bug fixes which IBM already fixed in their OpenOffice fork.[62]

Scripting and extensions

LibreOffice supports third-party extensions.[63] As of April 2015, the LibreOffice Extension Repository lists more than 280 extensions.[64] Another list is maintained by the Apache Software Foundation[65] and another one by the Free Software Foundation.[66] Extensions and scripts for LibreOffice can be written in C++, Java, CLI, Python, and LibreOffice Basic. Interpreters for the latter two are bundled with most LibreOffice installers, so no additional installation is needed. The application programming interface for LibreOffice is called "UNO" and is extensively documented.[67]

LibreOffice Basic

LibreOffice Basic is a programming language similar to Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) but based on StarOffice Basic. It is available in Writer, Calc and Base. It is used to write small programs known as "macros", with each macro performing a different task, such as counting the words in a paragraph.[68]

History

A timeline of major derivatives of StarOffice and OpenOffice.org with LibreOffice in green

ooo-build, Go-oo and Oracle

Members of the OpenOffice.org community who were not Sun Microsystems employees had wanted a more egalitarian form for the OpenOffice.org project for many years; Sun had stated in the original OpenOffice.org announcement in 2000, that the project would eventually be run by a neutral foundation,[69] and put forward a more detailed proposal in 2001.[70]

Ximian and then Novell had maintained the ooo-build patch set, a project led by Michael Meeks, to make the build easier on Linux and due to the difficulty of getting contributions accepted upstream by Sun, even from corporate partners. It tracked the main line of development and was not intended to constitute a fork.[71] It was also the standard build mechanism for OpenOffice.org in most Linux distributions[72] and was contributed to by said distributions.[73]

In 2007, ooo-build was made available by Novell as a software package called Go-oo (ooo-build had used the go-oo.org domain name as early as 2005[74]), which included many features not included in upstream OpenOffice.org. Go-oo also encouraged outside contributions, with rules similar to those later adopted for LibreOffice.[75]

Sun's contributions to OpenOffice.org had been declining for some time,[76] they remained reluctant to accept contributions[77] and contributors were upset at Sun releasing OpenOffice.org code to IBM for IBM Lotus Symphony under a proprietary contract, rather than under an open source licence.[78]

Sun was purchased by Oracle Corporation in early 2010. OpenOffice.org community members were concerned by Oracle's behaviour towards open source software,[79] the Java lawsuit against Google[80] and Oracle's withdrawal of developers[81] and lack of activity on or visible commitment to OpenOffice.org, as had been noted by industry observers[82] – as Meeks put it in early September 2010, "The news from the Oracle OpenOffice conference was that there was no news."[83] Discussion of a fork started soon after.[84]

The Document Foundation and LibreOffice

On 28 September 2010, The Document Foundation was announced as the host of LibreOffice, a new derivative of OpenOffice.org. The Document Foundation's initial announcement stated their concerns that Oracle would either discontinue OpenOffice.org, or place restrictions on it as an open source project, as it had on Sun's OpenSolaris.[85][86][87][88]

LibreOffice 3.3 beta used the ooo-build build infrastructure and the OpenOffice.org 3.3 beta code from Oracle, then adding selected patches from Go-oo.[89] Go-oo was discontinued in favour of LibreOffice. Since the office suite that was branded "OpenOffice.org" in most Linux distributions was in fact Go-oo, most moved immediately to LibreOffice.[90]

Oracle was invited to become a member of The Document Foundation. However, Oracle demanded that all members of the OpenOffice.org Community Council involved with The Document Foundation step down from the OOo Community Council, claiming a conflict of interest.[91]

Naming

The name "LibreOffice" was picked after researching trademark databases, social media and if it could be used for URLs in various countries.[92]

It was originally hoped that the LibreOffice name would be provisional, as Oracle was invited to become a member of The Document Foundation. However, Oracle rejected requests to donate the OpenOffice.org brand to the project.[93]

LibreOffice was initially named BrOffice in Brazil. OpenOffice.org had been distributed as BrOffice.org by the BrOffice Centre of Excellence for Free Software because of a trademark issue.[94]

End of OpenOffice.org and beginning of Apache OpenOffice

Oracle announced in April 2011 that it was ending its development of OpenOffice.org and would lay off the majority of its paid developers.[95] In June 2011, Oracle announced[96] that it would donate the OpenOffice.org code and trademark to the Apache Software Foundation, where the project was accepted for a project incubation process within the foundation, thus becoming Apache OpenOffice. In an interview with LWN, Ubuntu founder Mark Shuttleworth in 2011, blamed The Document Foundation for destroying OpenOffice.org because it did not license code under Oracle's Contributor License Agreement.[97] But former Sun executive Simon Phipps denies this is the case:

The act of creating The Document Foundation and its LibreOffice project did no demonstrable harm to Oracle's business. There is no new commercial competition to Oracle Open Office (their commercial edition of OO.o) arising from LibreOffice. No contributions that Oracle valued were ended by its creation. Oracle's ability to continue development of the code was in no way impaired. Oracle's decision appears to be simply that, after a year of evaluation, the profit to be made from developing Oracle Open Office and Oracle Cloud Office did not justify the salaries of over 100 senior developers working on them both. Suggesting that TDF was in some way to blame for a hard-headed business decision that seemed inevitable from the day Oracle's acquisition of Sun was announced is at best disingenuous.[98]

In March 2015, an LWN.net comparison of LibreOffice with its cousin project Apache OpenOffice concluded that "LibreOffice has won the battle for developer participation".[99]

Release history

Versions

Since March 2014 and version 4.2.2, two different major released versions of LibreOffice are available at any time, in addition to development versions (numbered release candidates and dated nightly builds). The versions are designated to signal their appropriateness for differing user requirements. Releases are designated by three numbers separated by dots. The first number is the major version (branch) number, the second one usually indicates small changes, and the final one bugfixes.[131] LibreOffice designates the two release versions as:

Release schedule

LibreOffice uses a time-based release schedule for predictability, rather than a "when it's ready" schedule. There has been a major release approximately every four to eight months, with the intention to do so every six months (eventually in March and September, with the intention of aligning it with other free software projects).[132] A minor bugfix version of the current and previous release branches is released each month.

How to Install LibreOffice

Step 1 of 3 – Download compressed packages

Download LibreOffice 5.2 from the official downlad page:

www.libreoffice.org/download/

Select Linux x86 (deb) for 32 bits systems or Linux x64 (deb) for 64 bits systems.

This how-to supposes that the downloaded file (and language packs) is saved in the “Downloads” directory situated in your home directory.

Download as many language packs as you need.

Step 2 of 3 – Extract the .deb packages

The downloaded file is a compressed .tar.gz archive. In case you want to learn more on these extensions: tar, gzip. To extract this juicy archive, open the “Downloads” directory. Look for a file named:

LibreOffice_5.2.2_Linux_x86_deb.tar.gz or

LibreOffice_5.2.2_Linux_x86-64_deb.tar.gz

right-click on it and select “extract here “. Repeat the extraction process for all language packs. The .tar.gz archive(s) can now be deleted.

Step 3 of 3 – Install .deb packages

Open a terminal.

Change the current directory to the location of the .deb packages:

cd ~/Downloads/LibreOffice_5.2.2.x_Linux_x86_deb/DEBS

or for the 64 bits version:

cd ~/Downloads/LibreOffice_5.2.2.x_Linux_x86-64_deb/DEBS

(No need to write everything: use Tab ↹ to autocomplete the command line, or copy and paste with the middle-click mouse button)

Finally, install all .deb packages:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

In case you’re installing language packs, repeat the cd and dpkg steps for each language pack.

You’re done! No need to restart, LibreOffice is ready to be used.

If you have problems launching LibreOffice, try out the following command:

libreoffice5.2

or

/opt/libreoffice5.2/program/soffice

If you’re installing a development release (Beta) of LO 5.3, you can launch it with the following command:

lodev5.3

Users and deployments

The Document Foundation estimated in September 2011, that there were 10 million users worldwide who had obtained LibreOffice via downloads or CD-ROMs. Over 90% of those were on Windows, with another 5% on OS X. LibreOffice is the default office suite for most Linux distributions, and is installed when the operating system is installed or updated. Based on International Data Corporation reckonings for new or updated Linux installations in 2011, The Document Foundation estimated a subtotal of 15 million Linux users. This gave a total estimated user base of 25 million users in 2011.[133] In September 2013, after two years, the estimated number of LibreOffice users was 75 million.[134] A million new unique IP addresses check for downloads each week.[135]

The Document Foundation has set a target of 200 million users worldwide before the end of 2020.[133]

LibreOffice has seen various mass deployments since its inception:

2003–2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Conferences

Starting in 2011, The Document Foundation has organized the annual LibreOffice Conference as follows:

Derivatives

References

  1. 1 2 "Release Notes". The Document Foundation. June 23, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Releases/5.2.3/RC1". The Document Foundation. 2016-10-22. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
  3. ↑ "Releases/5.1.6/RC1". The Document Foundation. 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "4.0 New Features and Fixes: LibreOffice". LibreOffice.org. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013. Dropped support for export to legacy Word and Excel (version 6.0/95) files.
  5. 1 2 "System Requirements". The Document Foundation. 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  6. ↑ "Debian – Details of package libreoffice in wheezy". Debian project. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
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  12. 1 2 "LibreOffice Viewer (Beta) now available for Android". The Document Foundation blog. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
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  18. ↑ Meeks, Michael (2 May 2015). "LibreOffice: What's New?" (PDF). OpenSUSE conference 2015 Den Haag. p. 4. Retrieved 4 May 2015. Tracking direct download Update Ping origins. Excludes all Linux Distributions downloads ~120m so far ( + Linux ) This time last year @ openSUSE con. was ~65m
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