Limacoid clade
| Limacoid clade Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A live individual of Bielzia coerulans in the Limacidae | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura |
| Superfamilies | |
|
See text | |
The limacoid clade is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the informal group Sigmurethra.[1][2]
Distribution
The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to be the Palearctic region and south-eastern Asia.[3]
Etymology
The word "limacoid" means "resembling a slug".[4]
Typography of the name
In 1998, for the same taxon, Hausdorf[2] used the name Limacoidea sensu lato.
The name of this taxon, the limacoid clade, was written by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)[1] with quotation marks like this: "limacoid clade".
Other typographical variants are used by various other authors, for example capitalizing and restricting the use of the quote marks thus: "Limacoid" clade and "Limacoid clade".
2003 taxonomy by Schileyko
The study of A. Schileyko in this group, published in parts 8-11 of his monograph between 2002 and 2003, did not discuss the system that Hausdorf had proposed.[5] However, Schileyko refers to the work of Hausdorf, where this system was proposed,[2] in part 10 (2003) on page 1390.[5] So he was acquainted with this system before 2003.
Alternative taxonomy is as follows (subfamilies listed only for Helicarionidae and Zonitidae):
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Family Helicarionidae
- Subfamily Geotrochinae
- Subfamily Helicarioninae
- Subfamily Papuarioninae
- Subfamily Urocyclinae
- Family Gymnarionidae
- Family Rhysotinidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Ostracolethidae
- Family Ryssotidae
- Family Milacidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family Zonitidae
- Subfamily Pristilomatinae
- Subfamily Godwiniinae
- Subfamily Zonitinae
- Subfamily Oxychilinae
- Family Daudebardiidae
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Superfamily Vitrinoidea
- Family Vitrinidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
Moreover, after these groups, in the same infraorder Limacoinei, Schileyko listed six more superfamilies: Camaenoidea, Xanthonychoidea, Helicoidea, Polygyroidea, Hygromioidea and Arionoidea.[5]
2005 taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi
Explanatory note
For this particular group of families, Bouchet & Rocroi adapted the taxonomic approach which was originally published by German malacologist Bernhard Hausdorf in 1998 in the Journal of Molluscan Studies.[2]
Bouchet & Rocroi clearly state, on page 283:[1]
| “ | The "limacoid clade" includes the families Staffordioidea, Dyakioidea, Gastrodontoidea, Parmacelloidea, Zonitoidea, Helicarionoidea and Limacoidea. Contents and classification after Hausdorf (1998). | ” |
However, in their paper, Bouchet & Rocroi (apparently accidentally) failed to show, graphically or typographically, any coverage of the limacoid clade in the taxonomic section of their paper, on pages 268-269.
Because of this omission, some authors have subsequently (mistakenly) included in the "limacoid clade" the two following superfamilies: Arionoidea and Helicoidea. This misunderstanding was copied by Poppe & Tagaro (2006)[6] who attempted to explain the changes within this taxonomy to the public. This same error is reproduced in various other internet sources.
Taxonomic list
The taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi[1] shows the "limacoid clade" as follows:
(Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †)
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa probably belonging to the Gastrodontoidea
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Helicarionidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
Cladogram
A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of families in the limacoid clade:[3]
| limacoid clade |
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See also
As explained in the previous section, the superfamilies Arionoidea and Helicoidea do not belong to the limacoid clade. However, they are sometimes mistakenly included in this taxon.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia. 47 (1-2).
- 1 2 3 4 B. Hausdorf (1998). "Phylogeny of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 64 (1): 35–66. doi:10.1093/mollus/64.1.35. http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/64/1/35
- 1 2 Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379-390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
- ↑ http://www.audioenglish.net/dictionary/limacoid.htm
- 1 2 3 A.A. Schileyko (1998–2007). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs (in 15 parts)". Ruthenica (suppl.): 1–2210.
- ↑ Poppe G. T. & Tagaro S. (23 February 2006). The New Classification of Gastropods According to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. Visaya Net.