Liolaemus

Liolaemus
Liolaemus tenuis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Infraorder: Iguania
Family: Liolaemidae (disputed)
Genus: Liolaemus
Wiegmann, 1834 [1]
Subgenera
  • Liolaemus (Liolaemus)
  • Liolaemus (Eulaemus)

Liolaemus is a genus of iguanian lizards, containing many species, all of which are endemic to South America.

Description

Members of this genus form a dominant part of the lizard fauna of the southern part of the continent of South America, and vary considerably in size (45–100 millimetres or 1.8–3.9 inches snout–vent length) and weight (3–200 grams or 0.1–7.1 ounces).

Geographic range

Liolaemus species are found in the Andes and adjacent lowlands, from Peru to Tierra del Fuego,[2] at altitudes that can exceed 4,500 metres (14,800 ft).[3]

Diet

Most are omnivorous, but a few purely insectivorous and herbivorous species are known.

Species

There are more than 225 described species, but the true number of species may be about double this number.[3] Liolaemus is by far the largest genus of the liolaemid lizards, which are traditionally treated as subfamily Liolaeminae within the Iguanidae but more recently were proposed for upranking to full family Liolaemidae.

The following species are recognised:[4]

  • Liolaemus abaucan
  • Liolaemus abdalai
  • Liolaemus albiceps
  • Liolaemus alticolor
  • Liolaemus andinus
  • Liolaemus anomalus
  • Liolaemus antumalguen[5]
  • Liolaemus arambarensis
  • Liolaemus araucaniensis
  • Liolaemus archeforus
  • Liolaemus atacamensis
  • Liolaemus audituvelatus
  • Liolaemus austromendocinus
  • Liolaemus avilae[6]
  • Liolaemus azarai
  • Liolaemus baguali
  • Liolaemus bellii
  • Liolaemus bibronii
  • Liolaemus bitaeniatus
  • Liolaemus boulengeri
  • Liolaemus buergeri
  • Liolaemus burmeisteri
  • Liolaemus calchaqui
  • Liolaemus camarones
  • Liolaemus canqueli
  • Liolaemus caparensis
  • Liolaemus capillitas
  • Liolaemus casamiquelai
  • Liolaemus cazianiae
  • Liolaemus chacabucoense
  • Liolaemus chacoensis
  • Liolaemus chaltin
  • Liolaemus chehuachekenk
  • Liolaemus chiliensis
  • Liolaemus chillanensis
  • Liolaemus chlorostictus
  • Liolaemus choique
  • Liolaemus chungara
  • Liolaemus cinereus
  • Liolaemus coeruleus
  • Liolaemus confusus
  • Liolaemus constanzae
  • Liolaemus cranwelli
  • Liolaemus crepuscularis
  • Liolaemus cristiani
  • Liolaemus curicensis
  • Liolaemus curis
  • Liolaemus cuyanus
  • Liolaemus cuyumhue
  • Liolaemus cyaneinotatus[7]
  • Liolaemus cyanogaster
  • Liolaemus darwinii
  • Liolaemus diaguita
  • Liolaemus dicktracyi
  • Liolaemus disjunctus
  • Liolaemus ditadai
  • Liolaemus donosobarrosi
  • Liolaemus dorbignyi
  • Liolaemus duellmani
  • Liolaemus dumerili
  • Liolaemus eleodori
  • Liolaemus elongatus
  • Liolaemus erguetae
  • Liolaemus erroneus
  • Liolaemus escarchadosi
  • Liolaemus espinozai
  • Liolaemus etheridgei
  • Liolaemus exploratorum
  • Liolaemus fabiani
  • Liolaemus famatinae
  • Liolaemus fittkaui
  • Liolaemus fitzgeraldi
  • Liolaemus fitzingerii
  • Liolaemus flavipiceus
  • Liolaemus forsteri
  • Liolaemus foxi
  • Liolaemus frassinettii
  • Liolaemus fuscus
  • Liolaemus gallardoi
  • Liolaemus goetschi
  • Liolaemus gracielae
  • Liolaemus gracilis
  • Liolaemus gravenhorstii
  • Liolaemus griseus
  • Liolaemus grosseorum
  • Liolaemus gununakuna
  • Liolaemus hajeki
  • Liolaemus halonastes
  • Liolaemus hatcheri
  • Liolaemus heliodermis
  • Liolaemus hellmichi
  • Liolaemus hermannunezi
  • Liolaemus huacahuasicus
  • Liolaemus huayra
  • Liolaemus inacayali
  • Liolaemus incaicus
  • Liolaemus insolitus
  • Liolaemus inti
  • Liolaemus irregularis
  • Liolaemus isabelae
  • Liolaemus islugensis
  • Liolaemus jamesi
  • Liolaemus josei
  • Liolaemus josephorum
  • Liolaemus juanortizi
  • Liolaemus kingii
  • Liolaemus kolengh
  • Liolaemus koslowskyi
  • Liolaemus kriegi
  • Liolaemus kuhlmanni
  • Liolaemus laurenti
  • Liolaemus lavillai
  • Liolaemus lemniscatus
  • Liolaemus leopardinus
  • Liolaemus lineomaculatus
  • Liolaemus loboi
  • Liolaemus lonquimayensis
  • Liolaemus lopezi
  • Liolaemus lorenzmuelleri
  • Liolaemus lutzae
  • Liolaemus magellanicus
  • Liolaemus maldonadae
  • Liolaemus manueli
  • Liolaemus mapuche
  • Liolaemus martorii
  • Liolaemus melaniceps
  • Liolaemus melanogaster
  • Liolaemus melanopleurus
  • Liolaemus melanops
  • Liolaemus molinai
  • Liolaemus montanezi
  • Liolaemus montanus
  • Liolaemus monticola
  • Liolaemus moradoensis
  • Liolaemus morandae
  • Liolaemus morenoi
  • Liolaemus multicolor
  • Liolaemus multimaculatus
  • Liolaemus neuquensis
  • Liolaemus nigriceps
  • Liolaemus nigrocoeruleus
  • Liolaemus nigromaculatus
  • Liolaemus nigroviridis
  • Liolaemus nitidus
  • Liolaemus occipitalis
  • Liolaemus omorfi
  • Liolaemus olongasta
  • Liolaemus orientalis
  • Liolaemus orko
  • Liolaemus ornatus
  • Liolaemus ortizii
  • Liolaemus pachecoi
  • Liolaemus pagaburoi
  • Liolaemus pantherinus
  • Liolaemus parthenos[8]
  • Liolaemus parvus
  • Liolaemus patriciaiturrae
  • Liolaemus paulinae
  • Liolaemus petrophilus
  • Liolaemus pictus
  • Liolaemus platei
  • Liolaemus pleopholis
  • Liolaemus poconchilensis
  • Liolaemus poecilochromus
  • Liolaemus polystictus
  • Liolaemus pseudoanomalus
  • Liolaemus pseudolemniscatus
  • Liolaemus puelche
  • Liolaemus pulcherrimus
  • Liolaemus puna
  • Liolaemus punmahuida
  • Liolaemus puritamensis
  • Liolaemus purul
  • Liolaemus pyriphlogos
  • Liolaemus quilmes
  • Liolaemus rabinoi
  • Liolaemus ramirezae
  • Liolaemus ramonensis
  • Liolaemus riojanus
  • Liolaemus robertmertensi
  • Liolaemus robertoi
  • Liolaemus robustus
  • Liolaemus rosenmanni
  • Liolaemus rothi
  • Liolaemus ruibali
  • Liolaemus sagei
  • Liolaemus salinicola
  • Liolaemus sanjuanensis
  • Liolaemus sarmientoi
  • Liolaemus saxatilis
  • Liolaemus scapularis
  • Liolaemus schmidti
  • Liolaemus schroederi
  • Liolaemus scolaroi
  • Liolaemus scorialis
  • Liolaemus scrocchii
  • Liolaemus senguer
  • Liolaemus shehuen
  • Liolaemus shitan
  • Liolaemus signifer
  • Liolaemus silvai
  • Liolaemus silvanae
  • Liolaemus smaug
  • Liolaemus somuncurae
  • Liolaemus stolzmanni
  • Liolaemus tacnae
  • Liolaemus talampaya
  • Liolaemus tandiliensis
  • Liolaemus tari
  • Liolaemus tehuelche
  • Liolaemus telsen
  • Liolaemus tenuis
  • Liolaemus thermarum
  • Liolaemus thomasi
  • Liolaemus torresi
  • Liolaemus tregenzai
  • Liolaemus tristis
  • Liolaemus tromen
  • Liolaemus tulkas
  • Liolaemus umbrifer
  • Liolaemus uniformis
  • Liolaemus uptoni
  • Liolaemus uspallatensis
  • Liolaemus valdesianus
  • Liolaemus vallecurensis
  • Liolaemus variegatus
  • Liolaemus velosoi
  • Liolaemus villaricensis
  • Liolaemus vulcanus
  • Liolaemus walkeri
  • Liolaemus wiegmannii
  • Liolaemus williamsi
  • Liolaemus xanthoviridis
  • Liolaemus yanalcu
  • Liolaemus zabalai
  • Liolaemus zapallarensis
  • Liolaemus zullyae

Pets

Some species of Liolaemus have been recently kept as pets, and as many of them originate from regions that experience cold conditions, they are named "snow swifts". More generally, the genus is known as "tree iguanas".

References

  1. ↑ Avila, Luciano J.; Morando, Mariana; Sites, Jack W., Jr. (2008). "New species of the iguanian lizard genus Liolaemus (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini) from Central Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF). Journal of Herpetology. 42 (1): 186–196. doi:10.1670/06-244r2.1.
  2. ↑ Schulte, James A. III; Macey, J. Robert; Espinoza, Robert E.; Larson, Allan. (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal" (PDF). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 69 (1): 75–102. doi:10.1006/bijl.1999.0346.
  3. 1 2 Olave, Melisa; Martinez, Lorena E.; Avila, Luciano J.; Sites, Jack W., Jr.; Morando, Mariana. (2011). "Evidence of hybridization in the Argentinean lizards Liolaemus gracilis and Liolaemus bibronii (Iguania: Liolaemini): an integrative approach based on genes and morphology" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (2): 381–391. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.006. PMID 21798358.
  4. ↑ "Liolaemidae". The Reptile Database. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  5. ↑ Avila LJ, Morando M, Perez CH, Sites JW Jr (2010). "A new species of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemini) from Cordillera del Viento, northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2667: 28–42.
  6. ↑ Breitman MF, Parra M, Perez CH, Sites JW (2011). "Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3120: 1–28.
  7. ↑ Martinez LE, Avila LJ, Perez CH, Perez DR, Sites JW, Morando M (2011). "A new species of Liolaemus (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini) endemic to the Auca Mahuida volcano, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3010: 31–46.
  8. ↑ Cristián S. Abdala, Diego Baldo, Ricardo A. Juárez, Robert E. Espinoza (2016). "The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina". Copeia. 104 (2): 487–497. doi:10.1643/CH-15-381.

Further reading

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