List of Grove Plays

Maynard Dixon's illustration of the 1909 Grove Play St. Patrick at Tara, showing the spirit of Irish hero Cuchulainn appearing to Saint Patrick among the Redwood trees of Northern California

The Grove Play is an annual theatrical production written, produced and performed by and for Bohemian Club members, and staged outdoors in California at the Bohemian Grove each summer.

In 1878, the Bohemian Club of San Francisco first took to the woods for a summer celebration that they called midsummer High Jinks.[1] Poems were recited, songs were sung, and dramatic readings were given. In 1881, the ceremony of the Cremation of Care was first conducted after the various individual performances.[2] Eventually, the readings and songs were woven into a theme or framework, such as in the solemn Orientalism-themed Buddha Jinks of 1892 and the Christianity-triumphs-over-paganism-themed Druid Jinks the next year.[3] In 1897, the Faust Jinks were constructed within the musical form of Charles Gounod's opera Faust.[4] Finally, in 1902, both the music and the libretto were composed by club members, setting the "Bohemian grove-play as a distinct genre of stage art."[4]

Each year a Sire and a musical Sire are selected by the club's Jinks Committee, part of the club's Board of Directors.[5] The Sire is responsible for producing the script and libretto of the Grove Play, and the musical Sire composes the music. The Sire may select others to write the dialog and song lyrics, but remains responsible for the overall theme and final form of the spectacle.

A 1911 sketch of the Grove Play stage, showing extensive upstage pathways and platforms amid the ferns and redwood trees

In the earliest productions of the Grove Play, several restrictions were imposed upon the Sire including that the stage setting be the natural forest backdrop and that the "malign character Care" be introduced in the plot, to wreak havoc with the characters and then be faced down and vanquished by the hero.[6] In these early productions, the Cremation of Care immediately followed, and lasted until midnight.[7] The end of the ceremony was signaled by a lively Jinks Band rendition of There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,[8] and the club members sat down to a late dinner and revelry into the wee hours.[9]

From 1913, the Cremation of Care was disengaged from the Grove Play, and rescheduled for the first night of the summer encampment. The Grove Play was set for the final weekend.[10] A different Sire was appointed for the Cremation, and some concerns were raised in subsequent years that the Cremation of Care was growing into its own secondary Grove Play. Some Sires experimented with a satirical treatment, or topical themes such as a patriotic World War I treatment in 1918 and an unpopular Prohibition script in 1919. "Care" was not killed, let alone cremated, in the 1922 version. In response to member complaints about the unpredictable quality of the opening night fare, Charles K. Field was asked in 1923 to write the script for what became the basis for every subsequent Cremation of Care ceremony.[11]

A 1909 photograph of the dress rehearsal of St. Patrick at Tara, showing the natural forest setting including switchback pathways extending the stage rearward up a hillside

From 1902 to 1923, a central theme of most Grove Plays was the mystique of the ancient Coast Redwood tree grove.[12] Jack London wrote The Acorn Planter: A California Forest Play for the High Jinks but it was never staged; it was described as too difficult to set to music.[13] Beginning around 1920 with the installation of a large Austin pipe organ, the productions became more professional in tone.[14] In 1922, a sophisticated lighting system was installed at the Main Stage, the venue for the Grove Play.[1] During the World War II years 1943–1945, no Grove Plays were staged.

Unusual performances include the 1906 production of The Owl and Care, which is listed in Grove's dictionary as "Not strictly a Grove-Play."[15] The Triumph of Bohemia was already planned, but the 1906 San Francisco earthquake changed the club's priorities in favor of a more elaborate cremation ceremony called The Owl and Care.[15] Two plays have been staged twice for the club members: St. Patrick at Tara in 1909 and 1934, and A Gest of Robin Hood in 1929 and 1954. 1912's The Atonement of Pan was performed once for club members and again two weeks later for members' wives and women friends. In 2008, the treatment of The Count of Monte Cristo was staged even though it had been published four years prior.

The cast for a Grove Play averages 75–100 actors, many appearing as so-called "spear carriers" in crowd scenes.[16] Roles for female characters are played by men,[17] since women are not allowed as members of the Bohemian Club. Including orchestra members, costumers, stage crew and carpenters, some 300 people are involved with the production each year.[18] The cost of each play was reported in the range of $20,000–30,000 in 1975, as much as $132,000 in current value. No salaries are given to club members who take part and no admission is charged the audience.[18] Rehearsals begin a year in advance.[18]

Observers have characterized the Grove Plays as massive, predictable and slow. Author John van der Zee has described the Grove Plays as "lumbering pageants."[19] Commenting on the plot, he said, "We know in advance that the hero will be a king or commander adored by his men, and that he will see his duty and do it."[19] Journalist Philip Weiss, writing in 1989 for Spy magazine, said that the high point of the two-week summer encampment was the "vigorously lowbrow" Low Jinks, a musical comedy staged during the middle weekend, not the "mannered and ponderous Grove Play."[20] Journalism professor Richard Reinhardt argued in 1980 that the showy bombast of Broadway theatre producer David Belasco helped form in the early Grove Plays a taste for majestic and astounding visual effects, and that this aesthetic sense has continued to the present in a form of "institutional inertia."[21]

Year Playwright Title Composer Sire Ref.
1902
 Field, Charles K.Charles K. Field The Man In The Forest, A Legend of the Tribe Redding, Joseph D.Joseph D. Redding Hotaling, Richard M.Richard M. Hotaling [22]
1903
 Robertson, Louis A.Louis A. Robertson Montezuma Stewart, Humphrey J.Humphrey J. Stewart Robertson, Louis A.Louis A. Robertson [23]
1904
 Irwin, WillWill Irwin The Hamadryads: A Masque of Apollo McCoy, W. J.W. J. McCoy Shiels, J. WilsonJ. Wilson Shiels [24]
1905
 Tharp, Newton J.Newton J. Tharp The Quest of the Gorgon, A Musical Drama Vogt, TheodorTheodor Vogt Tharp, Newton J.Newton J. Tharp [25]
1906
 Field, Charles K.Charles K. Field The Owl and Care, A Spectacle Stewart, Humphrey J.Humphrey J. Stewart Field, Charles K.Charles K. Field [26]
1907
 Sterling, GeorgeGeorge Sterling The Triumph of Bohemia: A Forest Play Schneider, Edward F.Edward F. Schneider Sterling, GeorgeGeorge Sterling [27]
1908
 Scheffauer, Herman GeorgeHerman George Scheffauer The Sons of Baldur: A Forest Music-Drama Weiss, ArthurArthur Weiss Scheffauer, Herman GeorgeHerman George Scheffauer [28]
1909
 Stephens, Harold MorseHarold Morse Stephens St. Patrick at Tara Sabin, Wallace ArthurWallace Arthur Sabin Dobie, Charles CaldwellCharles Caldwell Dobie [29]
1910
 Field, Charles K.Charles K. Field The Cave Man, A Play of the Redwoods McCoy, W. J.W. J. McCoy Field, Charles K.Charles K. Field [29]
1911
 Garnett, PorterPorter Garnett The Green Knight, A Vision Stricklen, Edward G.Edward G. Stricklen Garnett, PorterPorter Garnett [29]
1912
 Redding, Joseph D.Joseph D. Redding The Atonement of Pan, A Music-Drama Hadley, HenryHenry Hadley Redding, Joseph D.Joseph D. Redding [29]
1913
 Steele, RufusRufus Steele The Fall of Ug: A Masque of Fear Perlet, HermanHerman Perlet Steele, RufusRufus Steele [30]
1914
 Shiels, J. WilsonJ. Wilson Shiels Nec-Natama (Comradeship): A Forest Play Waldrop, UdaUda Waldrop Shiels, J. WilsonJ. Wilson Shiels [31]
1915
 Pixley, FrankFrank Pixley Apollo, A Music-Drama Schneider, Edward F.Edward F. Schneider Pixley, FrankFrank Pixley [30]
1916
 Myrtle, Frederick S.Frederick S. Myrtle Gold, A Forest Play Stewart, Humphrey J.Humphrey J. Stewart Myrtle, Frederick S.Frederick S. Myrtle [30]
1917
 Crocker, Charles TempletonCharles Templeton Crocker The Land of Happiness, A Music-Drama Redding, Joseph D.Joseph D. Redding Crocker, Charles TempletonCharles Templeton Crocker [30]
1918
 Hotaling, Richard M.Richard M. Hotaling The Twilight of the Kings Sabin, Wallace ArthurWallace Arthur Sabin Hotaling, Richard M.Richard M. Hotaling
1919
 Wilson, Harry LeonHarry Leon Wilson Life Brescia, DomenicoDomenico Brescia [32]
1920
 Dobie, Charles CaldwellCharles Caldwell Dobie Ilya of Murom Marcelli, UldericoUlderico Marcelli Dobie, Charles CaldwellCharles Caldwell Dobie [33]
1921
 Greene, Clay MeredithClay Meredith Greene St. John of Nepomuk Stewart, Humphrey J.Humphrey J. Stewart [34]
1922
 Norris, Charles GilmanCharles Gilman Norris The Rout of the Philistines, A Forest Play Marcelli, NinoNino Marcelli Norris, Charles GilmanCharles Gilman Norris [35]
1923
 Redding, Joseph D.Joseph D. Redding Semper Virens Hadley, HenryHenry Hadley [36]
1924
 Neily, RoyRoy Neily Rajvara Beckett, WheelerWheeler Beckett [36]
1925
 Thompson, Joseph S.Joseph S. Thompson Wings Edwards, GeorgeGeorge Edwards [36]
1926
 Sterling, GeorgeGeorge Sterling Truth, A Grove Play Brescia, DomenicoDomenico Brescia [36]
1927
 Pichel, IrvingIrving Pichel Saint Francis of Assisi Hart, CharlesCharles Hart [37]
1928
 Holme, GarnetGarnet Holme Nanda Schneider, Edward F.Edward F. Schneider [36]
1929
 Norris, Charles GilmanCharles Gilman Norris A Gest of Robin Hood Newell, Robert C.Robert C. Newell [36]
1930
 Young, WaldemarWaldemar Young Birds of Rhiannon Harris, Edward C.Edward C. Harris [38]
1931
 Garthwaite, W. B.W. B. Garthwaite Joan Safford, Charles L.Charles L. Safford [36]
1932
 Evans, Daniel W.Daniel W. Evans Sorcerer's Drum Hart, CharlesCharles Hart
1933
 Cravens, JuniusJunius Cravens The Legend of Hani Hadley, HenryHenry Hadley [36]
1934
 Stephens, Harold MorseHarold Morse Stephens St. Patrick at Tara Sabin, Wallace ArthurWallace Arthur Sabin [36]
1935
 Hall, WilburtWilburt Hall The Quest White, RoderickRoderick White [36]
1936
 Norris, Charles GilmanCharles Gilman Norris Ivanhoe Wiel, Harry I.Harry I. Wiel [36]
1937
 Hook, Kenneth G.Kenneth G. Hook Lifkronan Marcelli, UldericoUlderico Marcelli [36]
1938
 Totheroh, DanDan Totheroh The Piper Heyes, EugeneEugene Heyes [36]
1939
 Young, WaldemarWaldemar Young The Golden Feather Waldrop, UdaUda Waldrop [36]
1940
 Purrington, Benjamin AllenBenjamin Allen Purrington Saul Hart, CharlesCharles Hart [36]
1941
 Dobie, Charles CaldwellCharles Caldwell Dobie The Golden Talisman Templeton, AlecAlec Templeton [39]
1942
 Morse, Carlton E.Carlton E. Morse
Raffetto, MichaelMichael Raffetto		 The American Scene Carson, PaulPaul Carson [40]
1946
 Totheroh, DanDan Totheroh Johnny Appleseed Otey, WendellWendell Otey
1947
 The Yester-Years (a compilation of past Grove Play scenes)
1948
 Ferguson, KennethKenneth Ferguson Maternus Otey, WendellWendell Otey
1949
 Kelland, C. B.C. B. Kelland The Cosmic Jest Denke, Frank R.Frank R. Denke
1950
 Muckle, Howard A.Howard A. Muckle Tetecan Brown, Hugh D.Hugh D. Brown
1951
 Totheroh, DanDan Totheroh Fools in the Forest Heyes, PeterPeter Heyes
1952
 Case, Alexander T.Alexander T. Case Tandem Triumphans Marcelli, UldericoUlderico Marcelli
1953
 Allen, HarrisHarris Allen A Romany Legend de Grassi, AntonioAntonio de Grassi
1954
 Norris, Charles GilmanCharles Gilman Norris A Gest of Robin Hood Newell, Robert C.Robert C. Newell
1955
 Case, Alexander T.Alexander T. Case Don Quijote, an Adventure of that Ingenious Gentlemen of La Mancha Marcelli, UldericoUlderico Marcelli [41]
1956
 The Beggar Brown, Hugh D.Hugh D. Brown
1957
 Kramer, Bauer E.Bauer E. Kramer Diablo Denke, Frank R.Frank R. Denke Morrish, Kendric B.Kendric B. Morrish
1958
 Anthony, Earle C.Earle C. Anthony Aloha Oe Marcelli, UldericoUlderico Marcelli Wilson, CareyCarey Wilson
1959
 Muckle, Howard A.Howard A. Muckle Cortez Brown, Hugh D.Hugh D. Brown
1960
 Totheroh, DanDan Totheroh Rip Van Winkle Hart, CharlesCharles Hart Totheroh, DanDan Totheroh [42]
1961
 Case, Alexander T.Alexander T. Case A Soldier and Mr. Lincoln Marcelli, UldericoUlderico Marcelli Bulotti, Jr., Charles F.Charles F. Bulotti, Jr.
1962
 Tourtillot, TrueTrue Tourtillot Agincourt England, Robert B.Robert B. England McDill, Alexander S. Alexander S. McDill [43]
1963
 Breen, Richard L.Richard L. Breen The Green Mountain Boys Hackett, Raymond W.Raymond W. Hackett
1964
 Magee, David BickerstethDavid Bickersteth Magee The Buccaneers: a Grove Play based on Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island Radsliff, Leon C.Leon C. Radsliff Magee, David BickerstethDavid Bickersteth Magee
1965
 Case, Alexander T.Alexander T. Case Sancho Panza Harline, LeighLeigh Harline Tyrrell, Thomas J.Thomas J. Tyrrell [44]
1966
 Moody, RalphRalph Moody The Valley of the Moon Hackett, Raymond W.Raymond W. Hackett McKenna, J. FentonJ. Fenton McKenna [45]
1967
 Mills, John BrentJohn Brent Mills Will Otey, WendellWendell Otey
1968
 Brown, Hugh D.Hugh D. Brown Omar Dant, Charles G.Charles G. Dant
1969
 Wilson, Neill ComptonNeill Compton Wilson St. John of Bohemia Harline, LeighLeigh Harline Wilson, Neill ComptonNeill Compton Wilson [46]
1970
 Magee, David BickerstethDavid Bickersteth Magee The Bonny Cravat Shearing, GeorgeGeorge Shearing [47]
1971
 Fogarty, Francis XavierFrancis Xavier Fogarty Red is the Grass Fogarty, Francis XavierFrancis Xavier Fogarty
1972
 England, Robert B.Robert B. England The Centennial Grove Play, (1872–1972) Dant, Charles G.Charles G. Dant
1973
 Magee, David BickerstethDavid Bickersteth Magee The Golden Cave Shearing, GeorgeGeorge Shearing
1974
 Mills, John BrentJohn Brent Mills Armada Wood, DaleDale Wood Mills, John BrentJohn Brent Mills [48]
1975
 Parker, Will A.Will A. Parker Allegory: An Odyssey in Time and Space Eberhard, Carl J.Carl J. Eberhard [49]
1976
 England, Robert B.Robert B. England Noah Denke, Frank R.Frank R. Denke
1977
 Felder, Louis E.Louis E. Felder El Dorado Bush, Louis F.Louis F. Bush
1978
 Nichols, Alan HammondAlan Hammond Nichols Siddhartha Zindars, EarlEarl Zindars
1979
 Case, Alexander T.Alexander T. Case The Flying Spear Dant, Charles G.Charles G. Dant
1980
 Arnott, Peter R.Peter R. Arnott Olympus Eberhard, Carl J.Carl J. Eberhard
1981
 Marshall, Francis N.Francis N. Marshall Taj Mahal
1982
 Totheroh, DanDan Totheroh Saint Francis of Assisi Hart, CharlesCharles Hart [50]
1983
 Benington, James L.James L. Benington Ciao Venezia Eberhard, Carl J.Carl J. Eberhard Young, Bradford W.Bradford W. Young
1984
 Winks, Donald L.Donald L. Winks Maximilian! Denton, Charles M.Charles M. Denton
1985
 Prugh, George S.George S. Prugh Solferino Fuller, ParmerParmer Fuller England, Robert B.Robert B. England
1986
 McManigal, RodRod McManigal Galileo Eberhard, Carl J.Carl J. Eberhard Schwarzer, William W.William W. Schwarzer [51]
1987
 Mills, John BrentJohn Brent Mills Talleyrand
1988
 Ervin, Howard GuyHoward Guy Ervin Robert the Bruce Snyder, William P.William P. Snyder
1989
 McManigal, RodRod McManigal Pompeii Bowman, David A.David A. Bowman Blauer, John M.John M. Blauer [52]
1990
 Rosch, J. ThomasJ. Thomas Rosch The Prophecy Pursell, William WhitneyWilliam Whitney Pursell
1991
 Winks, Donald L.Donald L. Winks Tyburn Fair Evans, Richard B.Richard B. Evans
1992
 Pace, NelloNello Pace Cristoforo Columbo Rogers, JackJack Rogers
1993
 Gee, Sonny BingSonny Bing Gee Qin Shihuang-Di; The First Emperor Goodrich, Herbert A.Herbert A. Goodrich
1994
 McCandless, MacMac McCandless The Leonardo Betrayal Baggott, Kenneth B.Kenneth B. Baggott [53]
1995
 McManigal, RodRod McManigal Marco Polo Rogers, JackJack Rogers [54]
1996
 Mills, John BrentJohn Brent Mills Runnymede Ferguson, AllynAllyn Ferguson
1997
 Winks, Donald L.Donald L. Winks Time and Again: A Compendium of Highlights from Grove Plays over the Years Denton, Charles M.Charles M. Denton
1998
 Morey, Charles L.Charles L. Morey Alexandre Dumas and His Musketeers McCandless, E. R.E. R. McCandless
1999
 Dehmel, Richard C.Richard C. Dehmel Merlin Goodrich, Herbert A.Herbert A. Goodrich
2000
 Crimmins, James C.James C. Crimmins Je suis Lafitte Ferguson, AllynAllyn Ferguson
2001
 Baggott, Kenneth B.Kenneth B. Baggott Marius of the Populares
2002
 Ervin III, Howard GuyHoward Guy Ervin III Emperor Norton Walsh, RichardRichard Walsh Pliska, Edward W.Edward W. Pliska
2003
 O'Malley, PeterPeter O'Malley Fort Ross Arnott, Peter R.Peter R. Arnott
2004
 Downey, PaulPaul Downey Concord Fight Downey, PaulPaul Downey
2005
 Dehmel, Richard C.Richard C. Dehmel Bully! Haskell, JeffreyJeffrey Haskell
2006
 Parker, Will A.Will A. Parker Allegory Eberhard, Carl J.Carl J. Eberhard
2007
 Cleary, Mark W.Mark W. Cleary Leprechaun Evans, Richard B.Richard B. Evans
2008
 Morey, Charles L.Charles L. Morey The Count of Monte Cristo
2009
 Pettus, DavidDavid Pettus Gaijin Pliska, GregGreg Pliska
2010
 Baggott, Kenneth B.Kenneth B. Baggott Atlantis Strader, BrettBrett Strader
2011
 Ervin III, Howard GuyHoward Guy Ervin III Casanova Evans, Richard B.Richard B. Evans [55]
2012
 Goodrich, HerbertHerbert Goodrich Tchaikovsky's Masque Eshima, ShinjiShinji Eshima Baggott, KennethKenneth Baggott
2013
 Bentley, WilliamWilliam Bentley Longbow Strader, BrettBrett Strader
2014
 Baggot, KennethKenneth Baggot Rama Strader, BrettBrett Strader Winchell, W. BlakeW. Blake Winchell
2015
 Irvin III, Howard GuyHoward Guy Irvin III Kidnapped Evans, Richard B.Richard B. Evans Siebart, CharlesCharles Siebart

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 Ogden, 1990, p. 28.
  2. ↑ Garnett, 1908, pp. 19–20.
  3. ↑ Garnett, 1908, pp. 20–21.
  4. 1 2 Garnett, 1908, p. 22.
  5. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 23.
  6. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 25.
  7. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 27.
  8. ↑ Ogden, 1990, p. 25.
  9. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 30.
  10. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 36.
  11. ↑ Garnett, 1908, pp. 37–39.
  12. ↑ Ogden, 1990, p. 19.
  13. ↑ Taylor, J. Golden. A Literary history of the American West, Western Literature Association, TCU Press, 1987, p. 394. ISBN 0-87565-021-X
  14. ↑ Ogden, 1990, p. 30.
  15. 1 2 Pratt, Waldo Selden; George Grove; Charles Newell Boyd; John Alexander Fuller-Maitland. Grove's dictionary of music and musicians, Volume Six, 1920, p. 221.
  16. ↑ Newman, David M. Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life : Readings, SAGE Publications, 1999, p. 234. ISBN 0-7619-8655-3
  17. ↑ Ogden, 1990, p. 35.
  18. 1 2 3 Domhoff, 1975, p. 10.
  19. 1 2 SFGate.com, July 18, 2004. Adair Lara, Members only: S.F.'s exclusive clubs carry on traditions of fellowship, culture -- and discrimination. Retrieved on June 29, 2009.
  20. ↑ Philip Weiss, Masters of the Universe Go to Camp: Inside the Bohemian Grove. Spy Magazine, November 1989. Retrieved on June 29, 2009.
  21. ↑ AmericanHeritage.com, June/July 1980. Richard Reinhardt, The Bohemian Club. Retrieved on June 29, 2009.
  22. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 46.
  23. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 52.
  24. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 59.
  25. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 67.
  26. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 73.
  27. ↑ Garnett, 1908, p. 78.
  28. ↑ Scheffauer, Herman George; Arthur Weiss; Bohemian Club. The Sons of Baldur, Bohemian Club, 1908.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Bohemian Club. The grove plays of the Bohemian Club, Volume II. (1918), Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Bohemian Club. The grove plays of the Bohemian Club (1918), Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  31. ↑ Internet Archive. Nec-natama (Comradeship), a forest play (1914) Retrieved on June 27, 2009.
  32. ↑ Wilson, Harry Leon; Domenico Brescia; Bohemian Club. Life, Bohemian Club, 1919.
  33. ↑ Dobie, Charles Caldwell; Bohemian Club. Ilya of Murom. (1920), Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  34. ↑ Greene, Clay Meredith; Humphrey John Stewart; Bohemian Club. St. John of Nepomuk, The Nineteenth Grove Play, July 30, 1921.
  35. ↑ Bohemian Club. The Rout of the Philistines, A Forest Play (1922), Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Purrington, Benjamin Allen; Charles Hart; Bohemian Club. Saul, 1940.
  37. ↑ Pichel, Irving; Charles Hart; Bohemian Club. Saint Francis of Assisi, 1927
  38. ↑ Young, Waldemar; Edward Harris; Bohemian Club. Birds of Rhiannon, A Grove Play, performed Saturday night August 2, 1930.
  39. ↑ Dobie, Charles Caldwell; Alec Templeton; Bohemian Club. The Golden Talisman, A Grove Play. 1941.
  40. ↑ Buck, Richard P.; Bethards, Jack M. (2005). Music and Musicians in Bohemia: The First One Hundred Years: a Research Document. The Bohemian Club.
  41. ↑ Case, Alexander T.; Ulderico Marcelli; Bohemian Club. Don Quijote, an Adventure of that Ingenious Gentlemen of La Mancha, performed July 30, 1955
  42. ↑ Totheroh, Dan; Charles Hart; Bohemian Club. Rip Van Winkle, the Fifty-fifth Grove Play, 1960
  43. ↑ Tourtillot, True; Robert England; Alexander S. McDill. Agincourt, the Fifty-seventh Grove Play. 1962
  44. ↑ Harline, Leigh; Alexander T. Case; Thomas J. Tyrrell; Bohemian Club. Sancho Panza, the Sixtieth Grove Play. 1965
  45. ↑ Hackett, Raymond W.; Ralph Moody; Bohemian Club. The Valley of the Moon, the Sixty-first Grove Play. 1966
  46. ↑ Harline, Leigh; Neill Compton Wilson; Thomas J. Tyrell (director); Lawrence J. Rehag (illustrations); Bohemian Club. St. John of Bohemia, the sixty-fourth Grove play of the Bohemian Club as performed by its members in the Bohemian Grove, July 26, 1969.
  47. ↑ Magee, David Bickersteth; George Shearing; Bohemian Club. The Bonny Cravat, the Sixty-fifth Play of the Bohemian Club Presented at the Grove, July 31, 1970.
  48. ↑ Wood, Dale; John Brent Mills; Bohemian Club. Armada, the Sixty-ninth Grove Play of the Bohemian Club, Presented July 26, 1974.
  49. ↑ Parker, Will A.; Carl J. Eberhard; Peter R. Arnott; Bohemian Club. Allegory: An Odyssey in Time and Space, the seventieth Grove Play of the Bohemian Club presented to its members in the Bohemian Grove July 25, 1975.
  50. ↑ Pichel, Irving; Charles Hart; Andrew Hoyem; Jay M. Jacobus; Bohemian Club. Saint Francis of Assisi, 1982
  51. ↑ Archive.org. Regional Oral History Office University of California. William W. Schwarzer, Litigator, federal district judge, director of the Federal Judicial Center, and professor, 1952-1997 : oral history transcript / 1998. Retrieved on July 2, 2009.
  52. ↑ Blauer, John M.; David A. Bowman; Rod McManigal; Thomas J Tyrrell; Bohemian Club. Pompeii, the Eighty-fourth Grove Play, presented July 28, 1989.
  53. ↑ McCandless, E. R. "Mac" ; Kenneth B. Baggott; Jay M. Jacobus; Bohemian Club. The Leonardo Betrayal, the eighty-ninth Grove Play presented on Friday, July 29, 1994.
  54. ↑ McManigal, Rod; Jack Rogers; Thomas J. Tyrrell; Bohemian Club. Marco Polo, The ninetieth Grove Play presented Friday, July 28, 1995.
  55. ↑ Evans, Richard B.; Ervin, Howard Guy; Devine, Peter Merle; Stegmiller, Kenneth Lawrence. Casanova, The Bohemian Club, 2011. Volume 106 of Grove Play.
Bibliography
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