List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene

This is a list of extinct animals of South America. Animals that became extinct in the Holocene period in South America.

Map of South America

Mammals

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 AD)

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Amazonian smilodon Smilodon populator	10,000 BC	Northern South America
Antifer Antifer crassus	11000 BC	Argentina, Brazil and Chile	--
Arctotherium Arctotherium sp.	11000 BC	South America
Canis nehringi	8000 BC	South America	--
Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp.	4000 BC	South America
Dire wolf Canis dirus	11000 BC	South America
Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium	6000 BC	South America
Glyptodontidaes Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus	11000 BC	South America
Hippidion	10000 BC	South America
Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp.	10000 BC	South America
Neochoerus Neochoerus sp.	10000 BC	South America	--
Stegomastodon Stegomastodon sp.	10000 BC	South America
Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica	10000 BC	South America	--
Theriodictis Theriodictis sp.	11000 BC	Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay	--
Toxodon Toxodon sp.	16500 BC	South America
Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis	10000 BC	Brazil and Venezuela	--

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1]	1960	Brazil	--
Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2]	1952	Caribbean Sea
Darwin's rice rat Nesoryzomys darwini[3]	1929	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)	--
Falkland Island wolf Dusicyon australis[4]	1876	United Kingdom (Falkland Islands)
Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5]	Unknown	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)	--
Indefatigable Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6]	1930s	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)	--
Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7]	Unknown	Bolivia, Brazil & Venezuela	--
Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8]	Before 1910	Peru	--
Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9]	1962	Argentina	--
Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10]	1503?	Brazil	--

Possibly extinct

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11]	1899	Argentina & Brazil	--
Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12]	1994	Mocha Island, Chile	--
Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13]	1942	Peru	--

Birds

Alejandro Selkirk Island Firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi	1908	Chile
Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus	1970	Colombia	--
Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris	1957	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)	--
Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi	1952	Colombia	--
San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius	1980s	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)	--
Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis	1843	Peru

Possibly extinct

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Antioquia brush finch Heliangelus zusii	1971	Colombia	--
Bogota sunangel Heliangelus zusii	1907	Colombia	--
Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis	1939 (South America), 1962 (North America)	Brazil and Argentina
Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus	1960s	Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay
Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops	1823	Brazil	--
Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae	1852	Bolivia
Táchira antpitta Grallaria chthonia	1956	Venezuela	--
Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini	1850	Colombia and Ecuador

Amphibians

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Atelopus ignescens[14]	Unknown	Ecuador
Atelopus longirostris[15]	1989	Ecuador	--
Atelopus vogli[16]	1933	Venezuela	--
Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[17]	1920s	Brazil	--

Possibly extinct

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[18]	1980	Chile	--

Reptiles

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra nigra[19]	1850	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)	--
Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii[20]	June 24, 2012	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)

Fish

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[21]	Unknown	Colombia	--
Titicaca Orestias Orestias cuvieri[22]	1930s	Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru

Mollusks

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Biotocus turbinatus	Unknown	Brazil
Digerus gibberulus	Unknown	Brazil	--
Littoridina gaudichaudii	1933	Ecuador
Megalobulimus cardosoi	Unknown	Brazil	--

Worms

• Rhinodrilus fafner
  1912, Brazil

Insects

• Megadytes ducalis^[23]
  Unknown, Brazil
• Rhantus orbignyi^[24]
  Unknown, Argentina and Brazil

See also

• List of extinct animals
• List of extinct birds
• Extinct in the wild
• Lazarus taxon

References

• BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
• IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
• Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from http://extinct.petermaas.nl on 25/3/2006

1. Leite, Y. & Patterson, B. (2008). "Juscelinomys candango (Candango Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
2. Kovacs, K. (2008). "Monachus tropicalis (Caribbean Monk Seal, West Indian Monk Seal, West Indian Seal)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
3. Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys darwini (Darwin's Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
4. IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group (2008). "Dusicyon australis (Falkland Island Wolf, Falklands Wolf)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
5. Weksler, M. & Tirira, D. (2008). "Megaoryzomys curioi (Galapágos Giant Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
6. Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys indefessus (Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
7. Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
8. Amori, G. & Schipper, J. (2008). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
9. Diaz M. & Barquez, R. (2008). "\Cryptonanus ignitus (Red-bellied Gracile Mouse Opossum, Red-bellied Gracile Opossum)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
10. Weksler, M. & Costa, L. (2008). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
11. Flores, D. & Teta, P. (1996). "Monodelphis unistriata (One-striped Opossum, One-striped Short-tailed Opossum, Single-striped Opossum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
12. Ojeda, R. & Bidau, C. (2008). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
13. Zeballos, H. & Vivar, E. (1996). "Melanomys zunigae (Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
14. Santiago Ron; Luis A. Coloma; Stefan Lötters; William Duellman; Martín R. Bustamante; Wilmar Bolívar; Enrique La Marca (2004). "Atelopus ignescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
15. Martín R. Bustamante; Wilmar Bolívar; Luis A. Coloma; Santiago Ron; Diego Cisneros-Heredia; Fernando Castro; Jose Vicente Rueda; Stefan Lötters; Andrés Acosta-Galvis (2004). "Atelopus longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
16. Stefan Lötters; Enrique La Marca; Miguel Vences (2004). "54561". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
17. Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz; Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
18. Alberto Veloso; Herman Núñez; Helen Díaz-Paéz; Ramón Formas (2010). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
19. Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. nigra (Charles Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
20. Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. abingdoni (Abingdon Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
21. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
22. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
23. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
24. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.

External links

• The Extinction Website
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species