List of University of Oxford people in British public life
This is a list of University of Oxford people in British public life. Many were students at one (or more) of the colleges of the University, and others held fellowships at a college.
This list forms part of a series of lists of people associated with the University of Oxford – for other lists, please see the main article List of University of Oxford people.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Monarchs
| Name | College | Years | Reign | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Edward VII | Christ Church | 1859–1860 | King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1901–1910 | [1][2] |
| King Edward VIII | Magdalen | 1912–1914 | King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1936 | [3][4] |
Royal persons
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany | Christ Church | 1872–1876 | [5] |
| George, Marquess of Cambridge (formerly Prince George of Teck) | Magdalen | [6] | |
| Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein | Magdalen | [7] | |
| Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick | Keble | 2007– | |
| Lord Frederick Windsor | Magdalen | 1998–2002 | [8] |
| Lord Nicholas Windsor | Manchester | [9][10] |
Prime ministers
| Name | College | Student at Oxford | Period as Prime Minister | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington | Trinity | 1690–? | 1742–1743 | [11] |
| Henry Pelham | Hart Hall | 1710–? | 1743–1746 | [12] |
| George Grenville | Christ Church | 1730–1733 | 1763–1765 | [13][14] |
| William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham | Trinity | 1727–1728 | 1766–1768 | [15] |
| Frederick North, Lord North (later 2nd Earl of Guilford) | Trinity | 1748–1750 | 1770–1782 | [16] |
| William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne | Christ Church | 1755–1757 | 1782–1783 | [14][17] |
| William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland | Christ Church | 1755–1757 | 1783, 1807–1809 | [18] |
| Henry Addington (later 1st Viscount Sidmouth) | Brasenose | 1774–1778 | 1801–1804 | [19] |
| William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville | Christ Church | 1776–1780 | 1806–1807 | [20] |
| Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool | Christ Church | 1787–1790 | 1812–1827 | [21] |
| George Canning | Christ Church | 1787–1791 | 1827 | [14][22] |
| Sir Robert Peel, Bt | Christ Church | 1805–1808 | 1834–1835, 1841–1846 | [23] |
| Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby | Christ Church | 1817–1820 | 1852, 1858–1859, 1866–1868 | [24] |
| William Ewart Gladstone | Christ Church | 1828–1831 | 1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894 | [25] |
| Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury | Christ Church | 1847–1849 | 1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902 | [26] |
| Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery | Christ Church | 1866–1869 | 1894–1895 | [27] |
| Herbert Asquith(later 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith) | Balliol | 1870–1874 | 1908–1916 | [28] |
| Clement Attlee (later 1st Earl Attlee) | University | 1901–1904 | 1945–1951 | [29] |
| Anthony Eden (later 1st Earl of Avon) | Christ Church | 1919–1922 | 1955–1957 | [30] |
| Harold Macmillan (later 1st Earl of Stockton) | Balliol | 1912–1914 | 1957–1963 | [31] |
| Sir Alexander Douglas-Home (formerly 14th Earl of Home, later Baron Home of the Hirsel) | Christ Church | 1922–1925 | 1963–1964 | [14][32] |
| Harold Wilson (later Baron Wilson of Rievaulx) | Jesus | 1934–1937 | 1964–1970, 1974–1976 | [14] |
| Edward Heath | Balliol | 1935–1939 | 1970–1974 | [14] |
| Margaret Thatcher (later Baroness Thatcher) | Somerville | 1943–1947 | 1979–1990 | [14] |
| Tony Blair | St John's | 1972–1975 | 1997–2007 | [14][33] |
| David Cameron | Brasenose | 1985–1988 | 2010–2016 | [34] |
Her Majesty's Government (United Kingdom) (since 12 May 2010)
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Title | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| David Cameron | Brasenose | Prime Minister | ||
| William Hague | Magdalen | Foreign Secretary | ||
| George Osborne | Magdalen | Chancellor of the Exchequer | ||
| Dominic Grieve | Magdalen | 1978 BA Modern History | Attorney General for England and Wales | |
| Theresa May | St Hugh's | Home Secretary | ||
| Michael Gove | Lady Margaret Hall | Secretary of State for Education | ||
| David Willetts | Christ Church | Minister of State for Universities and Science | ||
| Theresa Villiers | Jesus | Transport Minister | ||
| Philip Hammond | University | Secretary of State for Transport | ||
| Pauline Neville-Jones, Baroness Neville-Jones | Lady Margaret Hall | Minister of State for Security (Home Office) | ||
| Jeremy Hunt | Magdalen | Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport |
Shadow Cabinet of the United Kingdom
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Title | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Miliband | Corpus Christi | Leader of the Opposition | ||
| Yvette Cooper | Balliol | Shadow Foreign Secretary | ||
| Ed Balls | Keble | Shadow Home Secretary | ||
| Meg Hillier | St Hilda's | Shadow Energy and Climate Change Secretary | ||
| Maria Eagle | Pembroke | Shadow Secretary of State for Transport | ||
| Mary Creagh | Pembroke | Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | ||
| Angela Eagle | St John's | Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury |
House of Lords and House of Commons
Peers and members of the House of Commons who are better known for their endeavours outside politics are listed in the appropriate category (e.g. the jurist William Blackstone, cricketer Colin Cowdrey, historian Edward Gibbon, scientists Susan Greenfield and Robert May, physician and journalist Thomas Stuttaford, and philosopher Mary Warnock).
Hereditary peers
In order of precedence. See also Lords of Appeal in Ordinary and other legal peers.
MPs and life peers
Excluding any MP who subsequently was created a hereditary peer or succeeded to a hereditary peerage, and also excluding any life peer who was or is simultaneously a hereditary peer, but including MPs who disclaimed a hereditary peerage in order to sit in the House of Commons (between 1963 and 1999) as well as hereditary peers sitting as MPs under the terms of the House of Lords Act 1999.
British Members of the European Parliament
Members of the European Parliament who have also been members of the parliament at Westminster appear in the list of MPs and life peers.
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Party | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philip Bushill-Matthews | University | Conservative | |||
| Richard Corbett | Trinity | Labour | |||
| Daniel Hannan | Oriel | Conservative | |||
| Caroline Jackson | St Hugh's and Nuffield | Conservative | |||
| Christopher Jackson | Magdalen | Conservative | |||
| Stanley Johnson | Exeter | Conservative | |||
| Shaun Spiers | St John's | Labour | |||
| Charles Tannock | Balliol | Conservative | |||
| Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro | Christ Church and Keble | Conservative |
Sub-national politicians
Many MPs and MEPs have also been involved in local politics. They appear in their respective sections, above.
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Party | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicholas Boles | Magdalen | member of Westminster City Council 1998–2002 | |||
| Ian Frank Bowater | Magdalen | Lord Mayor of London 1969–70 | |||
| Nicholas Bye | Mayor of Torbay 2003–04, directly–elected Mayor of Torbay 2005– | ||||
| George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair | Balliol | London County Council 1910–25 & 1931–34 | |||
| Cyril Jackson | New College | 1885 BA Literae Humaniores | Agent-General for Western Australia 1910–11, Leader of London County Council 1911–15 | [45] | |
| Boris Johnson | Balliol | Conservative | Editor of The Spectator 1999–2005, MP for Henley 2001–08, Mayor of London 2008– | ||
| Christopher Newbury | Keble | member of Wiltshire County Council 1997–, of the Congress of the Council of Europe 1998– | |||
| Kathleen Ollerenshaw | Somerville | Lord Mayor of Manchester 1975–76 | |||
| Lena Townsend | Somerville | Leader of the Inner London Education Authority 1969–70 | |||
| Mike Woodin | Wolfson and Balliol | Green Party member of Oxford City Council 1994–2004 |
Civil servants
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster | Christ Church | Cabinet Secretary 1979–87 | ||
| Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges | Magdalen | Cabinet Secretary 1938–46, Permanent Secretary to the Treasury 1946–56 | ||
| Norman Brook, 1st Baron Normanbrook | Wadham | Secretary of the Cabinet 1947–62, Chairman of the BBC 1964–67 | ||
| Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell | University | Cabinet Secretary 1988–98, Master of University College, Oxford 1997– | ||
| Suma Chakrabarti | New College | Permanent Secretary to the Department for International Development | ||
| John Elvidge | Permanent Secretary to the Scottish Executive 2003– | |||
| Thomas Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer | Balliol | permanent secretary to the Board of Trade 1867–86 | ||
| David Faulkner | St John's | Dep Secy, Home Office 1982–90; Chairman, Howard League for Penal Reform 1998–2002 | ||
| Warren Fisher | Hertford | Permanent Secretary of the Treasury and Head of the Civil Service 1919–39 | ||
| John Gieve | New College | permanent secretary, Home Office 2001–05; deputy governor, Bank of England 2006– | ||
| Robin Harris | Director Conservative Research Department 1985–88, member Prime Minister's Policy Unit 1989–90 | |||
| David Kelly | Linacre | sometime UN weapons inspector and Head of Defence Microbiology Division Porton Down | ||
| Tim Lankester | Corpus Christi | Permanent Secretary Overseas Development Administration 1989–94 | ||
| Robin Leigh-Pemberton, Baron Kingsdown | Trinity | Governor of the Bank of England 1983–93 | ||
| Ralph Lingen, 1st Baron Lingen | Trinity and Balliol | Sec to the Education Office 1849–69, Permanent Secy to the Treasury 1869–85 | ||
| Nicholas Macpherson | Balliol | Permanent Secretary to the Treasury 2005– | ||
| Geoff Mulgan | Balliol | Dir Young Foundn 2005–, formerly Dir PM's Strategy Unit, Dir Demos 1993–98 | ||
| David Normington | Corpus Christi | Permanent Secretary to the Department for Education and Skills 2001–05, to the Home Office 2005– | ||
| Ronald Oxburgh, Baron Oxburgh | University | President Qu Coll Cam 82-88, Chief Scientific Adv MoD 88–93, Rector Imp Coll Lon 93–00 | ||
| John Rickard | St John's | Chief Economic Adviser, UK Government; Fiscal Advisor, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Moldova | ||
| Ivan Rogers | Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister 2003– | |||
| Michael Scholar | St John's | Permanent Secy Welsh Office 1993–96, Department of Trade & Industry 1996–2001 | ||
| Martin Sixsmith | Director of Communications, Department for Transport, Local Government, and the Regions 2001–02 | |||
| Nicholas Stern | Prof of Economics LSE 1994–99; Chief Economist & Sen V-P World Bank 2000–03, Hd of Govt Economic Service 2003– | |||
| Will Straw | New College | |||
| Henry Summers | Trinity | Under-Secretary to Ministry of Housing and Local Government 1955–71 |
Diplomats
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antony Acland | Christ Church | head of Diplomatic Service 1982–86, ambassador to Washington 1986–91, provost of Eton 1991–2000 | ||
| Hugh James Arbuthnott | New College | Ambassador to Romania 1986–89, Portugal 1989–93, Denmark 1993–96 | ||
| Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith | Balliol | Governor of the Seychelles 1962–67 | ||
| Malcolm Barclay-Harvey | Christ Church | MP 1923–29 & 1931–39, Governor South Australia 1939–44 | ||
| Lord William Bentinck | Christ Church | Governor General of India 1828–35 | ||
| James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce | Trinity and Oriel | MP 1880–1907, Ambassador to the United States 1907–13 | ||
| George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston | Balliol and All Souls | Viceroy of India 1899–1905, Foreign Secretary 1919–24 | ||
| John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair | Governor General of Canada 1893–98 | |||
| Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava | Christ Church | Gov Gen Canada 1872–78, Viceroy India 1884-8 | ||
| David Hannay, Baron Hannay of Chiswick | New College | Ambassador to EEC 1985–90, to UN 1990–96, UN Special Rep Cyprus 1996–2003 | ||
| Sir James Harford | Balliol | Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Saint Helena 1954–58 | ||
| Nicholas Henderson | Hertford | Ambassador to France 1975–79, to the US 1979–82, Lord Warden of the Stannaries 1985–90 | ||
| Michael Jay, Baron Jay of Ewelme | Magdalen | Ambassador to France 1996–2001; Permanent Under-Secretary, FCO 2002–06 | ||
| Gladwyn Jebb, 1st Baron Gladwyn | Magdalen | Acting Sec-Gen UN 1945–46, Ambassador to UN 1950–54, to France 1954–60, MEP 1973–76 | ||
| John Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard | Pembroke | Permanent Under-Sec, FCO 1997–2002; Sec Gen, European Convention 2000–03 | ||
| Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch | Balliol | Governor of Hong Kong 1971–82 | ||
| John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby | Christ Church | Gov-Gen Sudan 1926–33, Perm Under-Sec for Colonies 33–37, Rep to Ireland 39–48 | ||
| Frederick Millar, 1st Baron Inchyra | New College | Ambassador, W. Germany 1955–56, Permanent Under-Secy for Foreign Affairs 1957–62 | ||
| Edward Mortimer | All Souls | Hd of Speechwriting Executive Office of the Sec Gen of the UN 1998–, Dir of Communications 2001– | ||
| Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock | Ambassador to Spain 1904–5, to Russia 1905–10, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs 1910–16 | |||
| David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech | Ambassador to the United States 1961–65 | |||
| Ivor Roberts | Keble, St Antony's and Trinity | Ambassador to Yugoslavia 1992–98, Ireland 1999–2003, Italy 2003–06 | ||
| Frederic Rogers, 1st Baron Blachford | Oriel | Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1860–71 | ||
| Frederic Rogers, 1st Baron Blachford | Balliol | Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1860–71 | ||
| Nigel Sheinwald | Balliol | British Ambassador to the United States 2007-2012 | ||
| John Weston | Worcester | Dep Cabinet Secretary 1988–92, Permanent Rep NATO 1992–95, Permanent Rep UN 1995–98 | ||
| David Williamson, Baron Williamson of Horton | Exeter | Head of Eur Secretariat Cabinet Office 1983–87, Sec-Gen Eur Commn 1987–97 |
Members of the Royal Household
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry Agar-Ellis, 3rd Viscount Clifden | Christ Church | Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Prince Consort 1846–52 | ||
| Sedley Andrus | Lancaster Herald 1972–82, Beaumont Herald Extraordinary 1982– | |||
| George Bellew | Christ Church | Garter Principal King of Arms 1950–61, Secretary of the Order of the Garter 1961–74 | ||
| John Brooke-Little | New College | Clarenceux King of Arms 1995–97 | ||
| Clive Cheesman | Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms 1998–2010, Richmond Herald 2010– | |||
| Hubert Chesshyre | Christ Church | Clarenceux King of Arms 1997–2010 | ||
| Colin Cole | Brasenose | Garter Principal King of Arms 1978–92 | ||
| Robin de la Lanne-Mirrlees | Merton | Richmond Herald 1962–67 | ||
| Patric Dickinson | Clarenceux King of Arms 2010–, Secretary of the Order of the Garter 2004– | |||
| Montague Eliot, 8th Earl of St Germans | Exeter | Groom of the Robes to HM King George V 1920–36 | ||
| Edward Ford | New College | Asst Private Secretary to HM King George VI 1946–52, to HM The Queen 1952–67, Extra Equerry 1955–2006 | ||
| Michael Maclagan | Trinity | Richmond Herald 1980–89 | ||
| Theobald Mathew | Balliol | Windsor Herald and Deputy Treasurer of the College of Arms 1978–97 | ||
| Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk | Christ Church | Falkland Pursuivant 1952–53, Kintyre Pursuivant 1953–61, Albany Herald 1961–85 | ||
| Robert Noel | Exeter | Lancaster Herald 1999– | ||
| Michael Peat | Trinity | Principal Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall 2005– | ||
| Matthew Ridley, 4th Viscount Ridley | Balliol | Lord Steward of the Household 1989–2001 | ||
| Stuart Shilson | Balliol | Assistant Private Secretary to HM The Queen 2001–2004 | ||
| Anthony Wagner | Balliol | Garter Principal King of Arms 1961–78 |
Military, security, and police personnel
Victoria Cross or George Cross recipients listed first.
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant General Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart, VC, KBE, CB, CMG, DSO | Balliol | |||
| Group Captain Leonard Cheshire, Baron Cheshire, VC, OM, DSO and two bars, DFC, RAF | Merton | |||
| Captain John Liddell, VC, MC, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, RFC | Balliol | 1908–? | [46] | |
| Captain Robert Nairac, GC, Grenadier Guards | Lincoln | |||
| Colonel Sir Geoffrey Vickers, VC | Merton | |||
| Captain Garth Neville Walford, VC, Royal Regiment of Artillery | Balliol | 1900–? | [46] | |
| Trevor Bigham | Magdalen | Deputy Commissioner of The Metropolitan Police 1931–35 | ||
| Ian Blair | Christ Church | Commissioner of The Metropolitan Police 2005 onwards | ||
| Paul Condon, Baron Condon | St Peter's | Commissioner of The Metropolitan Police 1993–2000 | ||
| David Craig, Baron Craig of Radley | Lincoln | Chief of the Defence Staff 1988–91, Convenor of Crossbenchers 1999–2004 | ||
| Cressida Dick | Balliol | Deputy Assistant Commissioner, Metropolitan Police 2006 onwards | ||
| Drury Curzon Drury-Lowe | Corpus Christi | Lt-Gen British Army 1890–1908, Colonel of the 17th Lancers 1892–95 | ||
| Colin McColl | The Queen's | Director of the Secret Intelligence Service 1989–94 | ||
| Eliza Manningham-Buller | Lady Margaret Hall | Director-General of the Security Service 2002–2007 | ||
| Brian Paddick | The Queen's | deputy assistant commissioner, Metropolitan Police 2003 onwards | ||
| John Rennie | Balliol | Director of the Secret Intelligence Service 1968–73 | ||
| John Scarlett | Magdalen | Director of the Secret Intelligence Service 2004 onwards | ||
| David Spedding | Hertford | Director of the Secret Intelligence Service 1994–99 | ||
| David Westwood | Lady Margaret Hall | Chief Constable of Humberside Police 1999–2005 |
Other notable British people
| Name | College | Years at Oxford | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Benenson | Balliol | 1939–1940 | Left Oxford because of WWII. Founder, Amnesty International (1961); General Secretary (1961–64), President (1961–66) | [47] |
| Siân Berry | Trinity | 1997 (graduated) | Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales 2006–07, Mayor of London candidate 2008 | |
| Nicky Blair | Lady Margaret Hall | 2004–2007 | Son of Tony Blair, Bachelor of Arts Modern History, Co-Chair Oxford University Labour Club Trinity Term 2006, schoolmaster | |
| Beau Brummell | Oriel | 1794–? | Arbiter of fashion and friend of The Prince Regent | |
| Emily Davison | St Hugh's | 1895 | First-class honours in English in the Oxford University examination for women, but women were unable to graduate at that time. Suffragette. | [48] |
| Vivien Duffield | Lady Margaret Hall | 1963–? | Philanthropist | [49] |
| Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman | University | 1976–1986 (Master of University College) | Chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain 1965–72 | |
| Aletha Hayter | Lady Margaret Hall | 1930–1933 | British Council Representative to Belgium | |
| Eglantyne Jebb | Lady Margaret Hall | 1895–1898 | founder of Save the Children Fund (1919) | [50] |
| Sir Nicholas Kenyon | Balliol | Controller of BBC Radio 3 1992–1998 and Managing Director, Barbican Centre 2007– | ||
| Alexandra Knatchbull | Regent's Park College | 2002–2005 | BA Philosophy and Theology. Great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria, third cousin twice removed of The Queen, and god-daughter of Diana, Princess of Wales | [51] |
| Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford | Lady Margaret Hall | |||
| Rachel McLean | St Hilda's | 1989–1991 | English student and murder victim | |
| Max Nicholson | Hertford | 1926–1929 | founder of British Trust for Ornithology (1932) and WWF (1961), president of RSPB 1980–85 | [52] |
| Beau Nash | Jesus | Master of Ceremonies, Bath, Somerset | ||
| Tom Parker Bowles | Worcester | Son of The Duchess of Cornwall and stepson and godson of The Prince of Wales. Member of Piers Gaveston Society. | [53] | |
| Jonathon Porritt | Magdalen | co-founder Forum for the Future 1996; Chairman Sustainable Development Commission 2000– | ||
| Ben Summerskill | Merton | Chief Executive of Stonewall 2003– | ||
| Olive Willis | Somerville | 1895–1898 | founder of Downe House School |
See also
- A select list of former Rhodes Scholars
- List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford
- List of Current Heads of Oxford University Colleges, Societies, and Halls
External links
- British Society for the History of Mathematics: Oxford individuals
- Famous Oxford Alumni
- Short Alumni List Published by Oxford
References
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- ↑ Matthew, H.C.G. "Edward VIII (later Prince Edward, duke of Windsor) (1894–1972)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Rigg, J.M. "Leopold, Prince, first duke of Albany (1853–1884)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ "Marquess of Cambridge – Obituary". The Times. pg. 23 April 1981. p. 14. Retrieved 2007-07-12. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Death of Prince Christian Victor". The Times. 30 October 1900. p. 7. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ "Prince Michael of Kent: Marriage and family". Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
- ↑ Morgan, Christopher (5 November 2006). "Times Online". London: The Times. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- ↑ Pisa, Nick (26 September 1999). "Sunday Mirror". Find Articles.
- ↑ Hanham, A. A. "Compton, Spencer, earl of Wilmington (c.1674–1743)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Kulisheck, P. J. "Pelham, Henry (1694–1754)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Beckett, J. V.; Thomas, Peter D. G. "Grenville, George (1712–1770)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "British Prime Ministers educated at Oxford University". University of Oxford. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
- ↑ Peters, Marie. "Pitt, William, first earl of Chatham (Pitt the elder) (1708–1778)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Thomas, Peter D. G. "North, Frederick, second earl of Guilford (Lord North) (1732–1792)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Cannon, John. "Petty , William, second earl of Shelburne and first marquess of Lansdowne (1737–1805)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Wilkinson, David. "Bentinck, William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-, third duke of Portland (1738–1809)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
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- ↑ Gash, Norman. "Jenkinson, Robert Banks, second earl of Liverpool (1770–1828)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Beales, Derek. "Canning, George (1770–1827)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Prest, John. "Peel, Sir Robert, second baronet (1788–1850)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Hawkins, Angus. "Stanley, Edward George Geoffrey Smith, fourteenth earl of Derby (1799–1869)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Matthew, H. C. G. "Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Smith, Paul. "Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-, third marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Davis, John. "Primrose, Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery and first earl of Midlothian (1847–1929)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ Matthew, H. C. G. "Asquith, Herbert Henry, first earl of Oxford and Asquith (1852–1928)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Whiting, R.C. "Attlee, Clement Richard, first Earl Attlee (1883–1967)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Thorpe, D. R. "Eden, (Robert) Anthony, first earl of Avon (1897–1977)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Matthew, H. C. G. "Macmillan, (Maurice) Harold, first earl of Stockton (1894–1986)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ↑ Hurd, Douglas. "Home, Alexander Frederick Douglas-, fourteenth earl of Home and Baron Home of the Hirsel (1903–1995)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ↑ "The Rival part 2 (book review)". London: The Guardian. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
- ↑ David Cameron MP – About David, Conservative Party, retrieved 20 July 2009
- ↑ "Norfolk, 18th Duke of". Debrett's People of Today. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Rae, W. F; Matthew, H. C. G. "Edward Adolphus, twelfth duke of Somerset (1804–1885)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Thompson, F. M. L. "Lennox, Charles Henry Gordon-, sixth duke of Richmond, sixth duke of Lennox, and first duke of Gordon (1818–1903)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Wilkinson, David. "Osborne, Francis, fifth duke of Leeds (1751–1799)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Stater, Victor. "Russell, William, first duke of Bedford (1616–1700)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Griffiths, Richard. "Russell, Hastings William Sackville, twelfth duke of Bedford (1888–1953)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Norgate, G. Le G.; Lee, Stephen M. "Spencer, George, fourth duke of Marlborough (1739–1817)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ "Death Of Lord Malmesbury". The Times. 18 May 1889. p. 14. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Prior, Robin; Wilson, Trevor. "Haig, Douglas, first Earl Haig (1861–1928)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ J. Chapman, "Huhne pays for his infidelity: Minister's career in ruins as feud with ex-wife lands them both in court over speeding points", The Daily Mail, (4 February 2012)
- ↑ Sir Cyril Jackson (1863–1924), Dictionary of Australian Biography, ed. Percival Serle (Angus & Robertson, 1949) (accessed 20 April 2008)
- 1 2 "Balliol College Memorial Inscriptions: Chapel Passage, West Wall". Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
- ↑ "Balliol College News (22 October 2002 A New Honorary Fellow of Balliol)". Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Di Campli San Vito, Vera. "Davison, Emily Wilding (1872–1913)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ "LMH News (1 June 2007) Dame Vivien Duffield to head Oxford Campaign)". Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Harrison, Brian. "Jebb, Eglantyne (1876–1928)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Pamela Sue Anderson, ‘Star Students for the USA’, The Star no. 2 (August 2006), p. 4
- ↑ Greenwood, Jeremy J. D. "Nicholson, (Edward) Max (1904–2003)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Mail on Sunday article, 9 July 2000.
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