List of castles in Syria

This is a list of castles in Syria.

Key

Key
Name	Name of the surviving building, either how it is popularly known in English, its medieval name or its Arabic name
Type	Usually the type of castle represented by the predominant surviving fortified remains
Date	Usually the dates of the principal building works relating to the surviving remains
Condition	An indication as to what remains of the original castle structure
Image	Building or site as it currently exists
Coordinates	Location of the castle
Governorate	Governorate in which the castle is located
Notes	Brief description or information of note

List of castles

Name	Type	Date	Condition	Image	Coordinates	Governorate	Notes
AleppoCitadel of Aleppo	Castle	110112–13th centuries	Partially restored		36°11′57″N 37°09′45″E / 36.19917°N 37.16250°E	Aleppo	Covers an ancient tell with remains dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE.
NajmQal'at Najm	Hilltop castle	110112–13th centuries	Partially restored		36°33′18″N 38°15′42″E / 36.55500°N 38.26167°E	Aleppo	Besieged in 1820 by Ottoman forces after a local warlord had sought refuge in the castle.[1]
DamascusCitadel of Damascus	Castle	100111–13th centuries	Partially restored		33°30′42″N 36°18′7″E / 33.51167°N 36.30194°E	Damascus	Part of the Ancient City of Damascus World Heritage Site.[2]
BosraCitadel of Bosra	Castle		Partially restored		32°31′04″N 36°28′54″E / 32.51778°N 36.48167°E	Daraa	Built around a Roman theatre. Part of the Ancient City of Bosra World Heritage Site.[3]
Halabiye	Hilltop castle	05016th century	Ruins		35°41′22″N 39°49′08″E / 35.68944°N 39.81889°E	Deir ez-Zor	Originally fortified by Queen Zenobia of Palmyra, refortified under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I and partially re-used after the Muslim conquest of Syria.[4]
RahbehQal'at Rahbeh	Hilltop castle		Ruins		35°00′18″N 40°25′24″E / 35.00500°N 40.42333°E	Deir ez-Zor	Much of the current structure dates back to its construction by the Ayyubid lord, Shirkuh II, in 1207.
SukkaraQal'at Sukkara	Hilltop castle		Ruins		36°25′38″N 40°23′56″E / 36.42722°N 40.39889°E	HasakahAl Hasakah	Located in the Jebel Abd al-Aziz.
Qalʿat Abū Qubais	Hilltop castle		Partially restored		35°14′05.9″N 36°19′50.8″E / 35.234972°N 36.330778°E	Hama
Citadel of Hama	Castle		Ruins		35°08′10″N 36°44′58″E / 35.13611°N 36.74944°E	Hama	Excavated by a Danish expedition between 1931 and 1938.[5]
Qal'at al-MadiqQalaat al-Madiq	Hilltop castle		Residential area		35°25′12″N 36°23′33″E / 35.42000°N 36.39250°E	Hama
Masyaf Castle	Spur castle		Partially restored		35°03′58″N 36°20′36″E / 35.06611°N 36.34333°E	Hama
Shaizar	Spur castle		Partially restored		35°15′55″N 36°33′59″E / 35.26528°N 36.56639°E	Hama
Citadel of Homs	Castle		Ruins		34°43′25″N 36°42′52″E / 34.72361°N 36.71444°E	Homs	Built on top of an ancient tell with remains dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE.[6]
Fakhr-al-Din al-Maani Castle	Hilltop castle		Partially restored		34°33′46″N 38°15′25″E / 34.56278°N 38.25694°E	Homs
hayr al-gharbiQasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi	Desert castle		Ruins		34°22′28″N 37°36′21″E / 34.37444°N 37.60583°E	Homs
hayr al-sharqiQasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi	Desert castle		Ruins		35°4′26″N 39°4′16″E / 35.07389°N 39.07111°E	Homs
Krak des Chevaliers	Hilltop castle		Partially restored		34°45′25″N 36°17′4″E / 34.75694°N 36.28444°E	Homs	Part of the Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din World Heritage Site.[7]
Shmemis	Hilltop castle		Ruins		35°02′13″N 37°00′49″E / 35.03694°N 37.01361°E	Homs
Harem Castle	Hilltop castle		Ruins		36°12′27″N 36°31′09″E / 36.20750°N 36.51917°E	Idlib
Bani Qahtan Castle	Hilltop castle		Ruins		35°23′44″N 36°09′15″E / 35.39556°N 36.15417°E	Latakia
Bourzey CastleBourzey castle	Hilltop castle		Ruins		35°39′29″N 36°15′39″E / 35.65806°N 36.26083°E	Latakia
Mahalibeh Castle	Hilltop castle		Partially restored		35°30′28″N 36°05′14″E / 35.50778°N 36.08722°E	Latakia
Salah ed-DinQal'at Salah ed-Din	Spur castle		Partially restored		35°35′45″N 36°03′26″E / 35.59583°N 36.05722°E	Latakia	Part of the Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din World Heritage Site.[7]
Nimrod Fortress	Hilltop castle	100113th century			33°15′10″N 35°42′53″E / 33.25278°N 35.71472°E	Quneitra	The castle is located in the Golan Heights which is currently under Israeli occupation.
RaqqahCitadel of Ar-Raqqah	Castle	120113th century	Destroyed		35°56′4″N 39°00′5″E / 35.93444°N 39.00139°E	RaqqahAr-Raqqah	The citadel was completely removed and built over in the 1950s.[8]
Ja'barQal'at Ja'bar	Hilltop castle	110112th century	Partially restored		35°53′51″N 38°28′51″E / 35.89750°N 38.48083°E	RaqqahAr-Raqqah	Originally situated on a hilltop overlooking the Euphrates Valley but now turned into an island by the flooding of Lake Assad.[9]
Salkhad Castle	Hilltop castle		Ruins		32°29′38″N 36°42′36″E / 32.49389°N 36.71000°E	Suwayda
Chastel Blanc	Hilltop castle		Partially restored		34°49′14″N 36°07′01″E / 34.82056°N 36.11694°E	Tartus
Chastel Rouge			Partially restored		34°48′44″N 35°58′14″E / 34.81222°N 35.97056°E	Tartus
KahfAl-Kahf Castle	Spur castle	110112th century	Ruins		35°02′27″N 36°04′58″E / 35.04083°N 36.08278°E	Tartus	In 1192, Rashid ad-Din Sinan, also known as the Old Man of the Mountain, died in Al-Kahf Castle, which was an Ismaili stronghold during the 12th century.[10]
Qala'at Khawabi	Spur castle		Residential area		34°58′22″N 36°00′06″E / 34.97278°N 36.00167°E	Tartus
Margat	Spur castle	100111–12th centuries	Partially restored		35°09′08″N 35°57′0″E / 35.15222°N 35.95000°E	Tartus	Headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller in Syria.
TartusCitadel of Tartus	Castle		Residential area		34°53′36″N 35°52′35″E / 34.89333°N 35.87639°E	Tartus

See also

• List of castles
• List of Crusader castles

References

1. Sourdel 2010
2. Ancient City of Damascus, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, retrieved 16 March 2011
3. Ancient City of Bosra, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, retrieved 23 August 2011
4. Burns 2009
5. Shaw & Jameson 1999, p. 167
6. King 2002, p. 42
7. Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, retrieved 24 August 2011
8. Heidemann 2006, p. 122
9. Bounni 1977
10. Willey 2005, p. 234

Bibliography

• Bounni, Adnan (1977), "Campaign and exhibition from the Euphrates in Syria", The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 44: 1–7, JSTOR 3768538
• Burns, R. (2009), The monuments of Syria. A guide, London: I.B. Tauris, pp. 160–161, ISBN 9781845119478
• Heidemann, Stefan (2006), "The Citadel of al-Raqqa and Fortifications in the Middle Euphrates Area", in Kennedy, Hugh, Muslim Military Architecture in Greater Syria: From the Coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period, History of Warfare, 35, Leiden: Brill, pp. 122–150, ISBN 9004147136
• King, G.R.D. (2002), "Archaeological Fieldwork at the Citadel of Homs, Syria: 1995–1999", Levant, 34: 39–58, doi:10.1179/007589102790217336
• Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (1999), A Dictionary of Archaeology, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 978-0631174233
• Sourdel, D. (2010), "Ķalat Nadjm", in Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Leiden: Brill Online, OCLC 624382576
• Willey, Peter (2005), Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria, Institute of Ismaili Studies, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 9781850434641