List of invasive species in South Africa
This is a list of invasive species in South Africa, including invasive species of plants, animals, and other organisms in South Africa.
A list of invasive species has been published under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act of 2004.[1][2]
Microorganisms
Microorganisms considered to be invasive species include:[3]
Algae
Invasive species of algae include:[4]
- Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides – dead man's fingers
- Hypnea musciformis – hypnea
- Kappaphycus spp. – agar-agars
Plants
Invasive species of plants include:[5][6]
- Acacia adunca – cascade wattle
- Acacia baileyana – Bailey's wattle
- Acacia cyclops – red eye
- Acacia decurrens – green wattle
- Acacia elata – pepper tree wattle
- Acacia mearnsii – black wattle
- Acacia melanoxylon – Australian blackwood
- Acacia podalyriifolia – pearl acacia
- Acacia saligna – Port Jackson willow
- Acacia stricta – hop wattle
- Agave sisalana – sisal
- Agrimonia procera – fragrant agrimony
- Ailanthus altissima – tree of heaven
- Alisma plantago-aquatica – common water-plantain
- Anredera cordifolia – Madeira vine[7]
- Antigonon leptopus – coral creeper
- Ardisia elliptica – shoebutton ardisia
- Aristolochia littoralis – elegant Dutchman's pipe
- Atriplex lindleyi ssp. inflata – spongefruit saltbush
- Atriplex nummularia – old man saltbush
- Austrocylindropuntia subulata – longspine cactus
- Azolla pinnata ssp. asiatica – mosquito fern
- Bartlettina sordida – blue mist flower
- Bauhinia purpurea – butterfly orchid tree
- Bauhinia variegata – orchid tree
- Billardiera heterophylla – bluebell creeper
- Cabomba caroliniana – Carolina fanwort
- Caesalpinia gilliesii – bird of paradise bush
- Callisia repens – creeping inchplant
- Calotropis procera – apple of Sodom
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum – showy balloon vine[7]
- Casuarina cunninghamiana – beefwood
- Casuarina equisetifolia – horsetail tree
- Catharanthus roseus – Madagascar rosy periwinkle
- Cestrum spp. – jessamines
- Chondrilla juncea – skeletonweed
- Cirsium japonicum – Japanese thistle
- Cotoneaster franchetii – Franchet's cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster glaucophyllus – late cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster pannosus – silverleaf cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster salicifolius – willow-leaved cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster simonsii – Himalayan cotoneaster
- Crotalaria agatiflora – canarybird bush
- Cryptostegia madagascariensis – Madagascar rubber vine
- Cylindropuntia fulgida – jumping cholla
- Cylindropuntia imbricata – imbricate cholla
- Diplocyclos palmatus – lollipop-climber
- Dipogon lignosus – Australian pea[7]
- Dolichandra unguis-cati – catclaw creeper
- Echinodorus cordifolius – creeping burhead
- Echinodorus tenellus – Amazon sword plant
- Egeria densa – Brazilian waterweed[8]
- Eichhornia crassipes – common water hyacinth[8]
- Elodea canadensis – Canadian waterweed[8]
- Equisetum hyemale – rough horsetail
- Eriobotrya japonica – loquat
- Eucalyptus camaldulensis – river red gum
- Eucalyptus cladocalyx – sugar gum
- Eucalyptus diversicolor – karri
- Eucalyptus grandis – rose gum
- Eucalyptus paniculata – grey ironbark
- Eucalyptus sideroxylon – red ironbark
- Euphorbia esula – leafy spurge
- Euphorbia leucocephala – pascuita
- Fallopia sachalinensis – giant knotweed
- Flaveria bidentis – smelter's bush
- Galium tricornutum – corn cleavers
- Genista monspessulana – Montpellier broom
- Gleditsia triacanthos – honey locust
- Grevillea banksii – red silky oak
- Homalanthus populifolius – bleeding heart
- Hydrilla verticillata ‐ hydrilla
- Hydrocleys nymphoides – water poppy
- Hylocereus undatus – night-blooming cereus
- Hypericum androsaemum – tutsan
- Hypericum perforatum – common St. John's wort
- Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa – morning-glory bush
- Ipomoea purpurea – tall morning glory
- Iris pseudacorus – yellow flag
- Jacaranda mimosifolia – blue jacaranda
- Jatropha gossypiifolia – cotton-leaf physic nut
- Kalanchoe delagoensis – chandelier plant
- Kali tragus – Russian thistle
- Kunzea ericoides – burgan
- Lantana spp. – lantanas
- Ligustrum japonicum – Japanese privet
- Ligustrum lucidum – glossy privet
- Ligustrum ovalifolium – California privet
- Ligustrum sinense – Chinese privet
- Ligustrum vulgare – common privet
- Lilium formosanum – Formosa lily
- Linaria dalmatica – Dalmatian toadflax
- Linaria vulgaris – common toadflax
- Ludwigia peruviana – Peruvian primrosebush
- Lythrum hyssopifolia – hyssop loosestrife
- Lythrum salicaria – purple loosestrife[8]
- Malva arborea – tree mallow
- Malva verticillata – Chinese mallow
- Malvastrum coromandelianum – prickly malvastrum
- Marsilea mutica – nardoo
- Melaleuca hypericifolia – hillock bush
- Melia azedarach – Persian lilac
- Metrosideros excelsa – New Zealand Christmas tree
- Mimosa pigra – giant sensitive plant
- Mirabilis jalapa – marvel of Peru
- Morus alba – white mulberry
- Myoporum laetum – New Zealand manatoka
- Myriophyllum aquaticum – parrotfeather[8]
- Nasturtium officinale – watercress
- Nephrolepis exaltata – sword fern
- Nicandra physalodes – apple of Peru
- Nuphar lutea – yellow water-lily
- Nymphaea mexicana – Mexican water-lily
- Nymphoides peltata – yellow floating-heart
- Opuntia engelmannii – Engelmann's prickly-pear
- Opuntia microdasys – bunny ears cactus
- Orobanche ramosa – branching broomrape
- Parkinsonia aculeata – Mexican palo verde
- Paspalum quadrifarium – tussock paspalum
- Passiflora tarminiana – banana passionfruit[7]
- Passiflora tripartita – banana passionfruit
- Paulownia tomentosa – empress tree
- Pennisetum purpureum – Napier grass
- Persicaria capitata – pink-head knotweed
- Phytolacca americana – American pokeweed
- Phytolacca dioica – belhambra
- Phytolacca icosandra – tropical pokeweed
- Pinus canariensis – Canary Islands pine
- Pinus elliottii – slash pine
- Pinus halepensis – Aleppo pine
- Pinus patula – patula pine
- Pinus pinaster – cluster pine
- Pinus radiata – Monterey pine
- Pinus roxburghii – chir pine
- Pinus taeda – loblolly pine
- Plectranthus barbatus – Indian coleus
- Pontederia cordata – pickerelweed
- Populus alba – white poplar
- Potentilla indica – mock strawberry
- Prosopis glandulosa – honey mesquite
- Prosopis velutina – velvet mesquite
- Prunus serotina – black cherry
- Psidium cattleianum – strawberry guava
- Psidium × durbanensis – Durban guava
- Psidium guajava – common guava
- Psidium guineense – Brazilian guava
- Pueraria montana – kudzu
- Pyracantha angustifolia – narrowleaf firethorn
- Pyracantha coccinea – red firethorn
- Pyracantha crenatoserrata – broadleaf firethorn
- Pyracantha crenulata – Himalayan firethorn
- Pyracantha koidzumii – Formosa firethorn
- Pyracantha rogersiana – Asian firethorn
- Ricinus communis – castor oil plant
- Robinia pseudoacacia – black locust
- Rubus armeniacus – Himalayan blackberry[7]
- Rubus flagellaris – common dewberry
- Rubus fruticosus – European blackberry
- Rubus niveus – Ceylon raspberry
- Rumex usambarensis – East African dock
- Salix babylonica – weeping willow
- Salix fragilis – crack willow
- Salsola kali – tumbleweed
- Salvia tiliifolia – lindenleaf sage
- Salvinia molesta – giant salvinia[8]
- Sambucus canadensis – Canadian elder
- Sambucus nigra – European elder
- Senna bicapsularis – rambling senna
- Senna didymobotrya – peanut butter cassia
- Senna hirsuta – woolly senna
- Senna occidentalis – septicweed
- Senna pendula – Christmas senna
- Senna septemtrionalis – arsenic bush
- Solanum chrysotrichum – giant devil's fig
- Solanum pseudocapsicum – Jerusalem cherry
- Sorghum halepense – Johnson grass
- Syngonium podophyllum – arrowhead vine[7]
- Syzygium cumini – jambolan
- Syzygium jambos – rose apple
- Tamarix aphylla – Athel tree
- Tamarix gallica – French tamarisk
- Tephrocactus articulatus – pine cone cactus
- Tipuana tipu – tipu tree
- Toona ciliata – toon
- Toxicodendron succedaneum – wax tree
- Tradescantia fluminensis – small-leaf spiderwort
- Tradescantia zebrina – inchplant
- Verbena bonariensis – tall verbena
- Verbena brasiliensis – Brazilian verbena
- Vinca major – greater periwinkle
- Vinca minor – lesser periwinkle
- Vitex trifolia – Indian three-leaf vitex
Tunicates
Invasive species of tunicates include:
- Ciona intestinalis – sea vase[9]
Annelids
Invsive species of annelids include:[10]
- Dendrodrilus rubidus – jumping red wiggler
- Ficopomatus enigmaticus – Australian tubeworm
Molluscs
Invasive species of molluscs include:[5][6]
- Achatina fulica – giant African land snail[11]
- Arion hortensis – garden slug
- Arion intermedius – hedgehog slug
- Bradybaena similaris – Asian trampsnail
- Cochlicella barbara – potbellied helicellid
- Crassostrea gigas – Pacific oyster[11]
- Deroceras laeve – marsh slug
- Eobania vermiculata – chocolate-band snail
- Helix aspersa – garden snail
- Lehmannia nyctelia – striped field slug
- Lehmannia valentiana – threeband garden slug
- Limax flavus – yellow slug
- Limax maximus – great grey slug
- Milax gagates – greenhouse slug
- Mytilus galloprovincialis – Mediterranean mussel[11]
- Ostrea edulis – European flat oyster[11]
- Oxychilus alliarius – garlic glass-snail
- Oxychilus cellarius – cellar glass-snail
- Oxychilus draparnaudi – dark-bodied glass-snail
- Physa marmorata – marbled tadpole snail
- Pseudosuccinea columella – mimic lymnaea
- Subulina octona – miniature awlsnail
- Tarebia granifera – quilted melania
- Testacella maugei
- Theba pisana – white garden snail
- Vallonia pulchella – lovely vallonia
- Vitrea crystallina – crystal snail
- Zonitoides arboreus – quick gloss
Crustaceans
Invasive species of crustaceans include:[5]
- Astacus leptodactylus – Danube crayfish
- Carcinus maenas – European shore crab
- Cherax destructor – common yabby
- Cherax quadricarinatus – redclaw crayfish
- Procambarus clarkii – red swamp crayfish[6]
Insects
Invasive species of insects include:[5][12]
- Aedes albopictus – Asian tiger mosquito
- Anoplolepis gracilipes – yellow crazy ant
- Cactoblastis cactorum – cactus moth
- Coptotermes formosanus – Formosan subterranean termite
- Harmonia axyridis – Asian lady beetle
- Hylastes ater – black pine bark beetle
- Linepithema humile – Argentine ant
- Monomorium destructor – Singapore ant
- Orthotomicus erosus – Mediterranean pine engraver
- Polistes dominula – European paper wasp
- Quadrastichus erythrinae – erythrina gall wasp
- Sirex noctilio – Sirex woodwasp
- Solenopsis geminata – tropical fire ant
- Technomyrmex albipes – white-footed ant
- Vespula germanica – European wasp
Fish
Invasive species of fish include:[5][13]
- Carassius auratus – goldfish
- Ctenopharyngodon idella – grass carp
- Cyprinus carpio – common carp
- Gambusia affinis – western mosquitofish
- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – silver carp
- Lepomis macrochirus – bluegill
- Micropterus dolomieu – smallmouth bass
- Micropterus punctulatus – spotted bass
- Micropterus salmoides – largemouth bass
- Micropterus salmoides floridanus – Florida bass
- Oncorhynchus mykiss – rainbow trout
- Oreochromis aureus – blue tilapia
- Oreochromis mossambicus – Mozambique tilapia
- Oreochromis niloticus – Nile tilapia (and hybrids)
- Perca fluviatilis – European perch
- Poecilia reticulata – guppy
- Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus – vermiculated sailfin catfish
- Salmo salar – Atlantic salmon
- Salmo trutta – brown trout
- Salvelinus fontinalis – brook trout
- Tinca tinca – tench
Amphibians
Invasive species of amphibians include:
- Eleutherodactylus spp. – rain frogs[5]
Reptiles
Invasive species of reptiles include:[5]
- Anolis sagrei – brown anole
- Gehyra mutilata – stump-tailed gecko
- Hemidactylus brookii – Brook's house gecko
- Hemidactylus frenatus – common house gecko[14]
- Hemidactylus mabouia – tropical house gecko
- Lepidodactylus lugubris – mourning gecko
- Pantherophis guttatus – corn snake[14]
- Ramphotyphlops braminus – flower pot snake
- Tarentola mauritanica – Moorish wall gecko
- Trachemys scripta ssp. elegans – red-eared slider[14]
- Trioceros melleri – Meller's chameleon
Birds
Invasive species of birds include:[5][15]
- Acridotheres tristis – common myna
- Anas platyrhynchos – mallard (and hybrids)
- Anser anser – greylag goose
- Columba livia – rock dove
- Corvus splendens – house crow
- Fringilla coelebs – common chaffinch
- Gracula religiosa – common hill myna
- Stumus vulgaris – European starling
Mammals
Invasive species of mammals include:[5][16]
- Aepyceros melampus petersi – black-faced impala
- Ammelaphus imberbis – lesser kudu
- Diceros bicornis michaeli – black Kenya rhinoceros
- Erythrocebus patas – patas monkey
- Hemitragus jemlahicus – Himalayan tahr
- Hippotragus equinus koba – western koba antelope
- Hippotragus niger variani – giant sable antelope
- Kobus ellipsiprymnus crawshayi – Crawshay's Zambia waterbuck
- Madoqua kirkii – Kirk's dik-dik
- Mus musculus – house mouse
- Oryx dammah – scimitar-horned oryx
- Sciurus carolinensis – gray squirrel
- Sus scrofa – feral pig
- Taurotragus derbianus – Derby eland
- Taurotragus oryx livingstonii – Livingstone's eland
- Tragelaphus eurycerus – bongo
- Tragelaphus spekii – sitatunga
See also
References
- ↑ National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004
- ↑ NEM:BA - Alien and Invasive Species Regulations - 19 July 2013
- ↑ South Africa: Microorganisms. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ South Africa: Algaes. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 National List of Invasive Species under Chapter 5 of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004. Government Gazette, Government of South Africa. 19 July 2013.
- 1 2 3 Zimmerman, H. G. South Africa. In: Macdonald, I. A. W., et al. Invasive Alien Species in Southern Africa: National Reports & Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme. 2002. pg 45.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 South Africa: Vines & Climbers. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 South Africa: Aquatic plants. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ Ciona intestinalis (tunicate). Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ South Africa: Annelids. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- 1 2 3 4 South Africa: Molluscs. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ South Africa: Insects. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ South Africa: Fish. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- 1 2 3 South Africa: Reptiles. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ South Africa: Birds. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ↑ South Africa: Mammals. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
External links
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