List of lightships of the United States
This is a list of lightships of the United States, listing lightships operated by the United States government. The first US lightship was put in place off of Willoughby Spit in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, in 1820.[1] Lightships remained in service in the United States until March 29, 1985, when the last ship, the Nantucket I, was decommissioned.[2] During that period, lightships were operated by several branches of the government: by the Lighthouse Establishment from 1820 to 1852, the Lighthouse Board from 1852 to 1910, the Lighthouse Service from 1910 to 1939, and the Coast Guard from 1939 to 1985.
The naming conventions used for lightships are not consistent. Until 1867, there was no uniform method to refer to individual lightships. Lightships in that period generally took the name of the station that they served, but occasionally other names. These names were not permanently assigned to an individual vessel. Rather, whenever a lightship was moved to a new station she took on that name. That made identifying individual ships nearly impossible. Beginning in 1867, lightship numbers (hull numbers) were assigned to ships still in service. These numbers are the primary means of identifying individual lightships across her various stations. In 1938, the Lighthouse Service retroactively allocated letter codes to the unnumbered lightships based on their research of available records, although some ships may have been lost or misidentified.[3] Even with the hull numbers, it is common to refer to a lightship by the name of the station it serves (or Relief, if it is a relief ship) and a few, such as the Nantucket I and Nantucket II have been given individual names.
Designation | Start Year | End Year | Stations | Notes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lightship A | c. | 1838 | c. | 1868 | St. Helena Bar (1838 – 1859) Combahee Bank (1859–1868) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship B | 1821 | 1861 | Smith Point (1821 – 1861) | Sunk by Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship C | 1820 | c. | 1859 | Willoughby's Spit (1820) Craney Island (1821 – 1859) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship D | c. | 1854 | c. | 1860 | Frying Pan Shoal (1854 – 1860) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy | [A] | [3] |
Lightship E | c. | 1854 | c. | 1860 | Rattlesnake Shoal (1854 – 1860) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy | [A] | [3] |
Lightship F | c. | 1849 | after | 1860 | Ship Shoal (1849 – 1859) Relief (1860 – Unknown) | Formerly USRC McLane | [A] | [3] |
Lightship G | c. | 1865 | 1866 | Cross Rip (1865 – 1866) | Abandoned/sunk December 30, 1866 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship H | c. | 1828 | 1864 | Cross Rip (1828 – 1864) | Formerly President Wrecked at Cape Poge, Martha's Vineyard, 1864 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship K | c. | 1839 | c. | 1859 | Martins Industry (1839 – 1855) Calibouge Sound (1855 – 1859) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship L | c. | 1835 | after | 1849 | Bartlett Reef (1835 – 1849) Eel Grass Shoal (1849 – Unknown) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship M | c. | 1826 | c. | 1855 | Wade Point Shoal (1826 – 1855) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship N | 1823 | c. | 1855 | Brandywine Shoal (1823 – 1850) Minots Ledge (1851 – 1854) Relief (1855) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship O | c. | 1835 | 1861 | Bowlers Rock (1835 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship P | c. | 1848 | after | 1848 | Tybee Island Knoll (1848 – Unknown) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship Q | 1821 | c. | 1847 | Willoughby's Spit (1821 – 1847) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship R | 1847 | 1867 | Willoughby's Spit (1847 – 1867) | Formerly USRC Spencer | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship S | 1821 | after | 1821 | Wolf Trap Shoal (1821 – Unknown) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship T | 1856 | 1861 | Wolf Trap / York Spit (1856 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship U | c. | 1834 | 1861 | Windmill Point (1834 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship V | c. | 1863 | 1864 | Fishing Rip (1863 – 1864) | Formerly Ascension, captured during the American Civil War Commandeered by United States Navy (July 5, 1863 – March 1864) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship W | c. | 1847 | 1860 | Merrills Shell Bank (1847 – 1860) | Formerly USRC Legare Sunk by Confederate States Navy, 1860 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship X | 1823 | c. | 1845 | Upper Middle Shoal (1823 – 1845) | May be Lightship LV-19 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship Y | c. | 1857 | c. | 1861 | Dames Point (1857 – 1861) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship Z | 1847 | c. | 1860 | Vineyard Sound (1847 – 1860) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship AA | c. | 1825 | c. | 1841 | Carysfort Reef (1825 – 1841) | Formerly Ceasar May have been converted to a bell boat in 1841, but may have been two ships. (The first retired in 1830.) | [A] | [3] |
Lightship BB | c. | 1841 | c. | 1852 | Carysfort Reef (1841 – 1841) | Possibly USS Florida (1824) | [A] | [3] |
Lightship DD | c. | 1825 | 1861 | Lower Cedar Point (1825 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship EE | before | 1859 | c. | 1859 | Upper Cedar Point (Unknown – 1859) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship FF | c. | 1831 | after | 1831 | Brant Island Shoal (1831 – Unknown) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship GG | c. | 1863 | c. | 1863 | Brant Island Shoal (1863) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship HH | c. | 1828 | c. | 1862 | Neuse River (1828 – 1862) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship JJ | c. | 1825 | 1861 | Long Shoal (1825 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship KK | c. | 1864 | c. | 1867 | Long Shoal (1864 – 1867) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship LL | c. | 1821 | after | 1821 | Upper Cedar Point (1821 – Unknown) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship MM | c. | 1835 | 1861 | Roanoke River (1835 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship NN | c. | 1838 | c. | 1854 | Northwest Passage (1838 – 1854) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship PP | c. | 1846 | c. | 1853 | Sand Key (1846 – 1853) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship QQ | c. | 1836 | 1861 | Harbor Island (1836 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship RR | c. | 1835 | c. | 1861 | Roanoke Island (1835 – 1861) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship SS | c. | 1827 | 1861 | Nine Foot Shoal (1827 – 1859) Upper Cedar Point (1859 – 1861) | Sunk or captured by the Confederate States Navy, 1861 | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship TT | c. | 1852 | c. | 1859 | Okracoke Channel (1852 – 1859) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship UU | c. | 1851 | c. | 1870 | Horseshoe Shoal (1851 – 1870) | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship VV | 1823 | c. | 1829 | Sandy Hook (1823 – 1829) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship WW | 1839 | c. | 1854 | Sandy Hook (1839 – 1854) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship XX | 1849 | c. | 1870 | Galveston (1849 – c. 1870) | [A] | [3] | ||
Lightship YY | 1832 | c. | 1851 | Mackinaw Straight (1832 – 1851) | Formerly Louis Molane | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship ZZ | 1820 | c. | 1823 | Northeast Pass (1820 – 1823) | Also called Aurora Borealis | [A] | [3] | |
Lightship LV-1 | 1856 | 1930 | Nantucket New South Shoal (1856 – 1892) Martins Industry (1892 – 1896) Frying Pan Shoal (1896 – 1911) Martins Industry (1911 – 1922) Savannah (1922 – 1930) | Donated to Sea Scouts 1930. Ran aground on the banks of the Merrimack River in 1936 flood. | [B] | [4] | ||
Lightship LV-2 | 1849 | 1921 | Pollock Rip (1849 – 1875) Winter Quarter Shoal (1875 – 1876) Hen and Chickens (1877 – 1907) Relief (1907 – 1921) | Formerly General Taylor | [B] | [5] | ||
Lightship LV-3 | 1852 | 1923 | Shovelful Shoal (1852 – 1916) Relief (1916) Handkerchief Shoal (1916 – 1923) | Formerly Old Hickory | [B] | [6] | ||
Lightship LV-4 | 1856 | 1924 | Bishop and Clerks (1856 – 1858) Handkerchief Shoal (1858 – 1916) Relief (1916 – 1924) | [B] | [7] | |||
Lightship LV-5 | 1866 | 1930 | Hen and Chickens (1866 – 1867) Cross Rip (1867 – 1915) Relief (1916) Stonehorse Shoal (1916 – 1923) Handkerchief Shoal (1923 – 1924) Relief (1925 – 1930) | [B] | [8] | |||
Lightship LV-6 | 1862 | 1918 | Succonnesset Shoal (1862 – 1912) Relief (1912 – 1915) Cross Rip (1915 – 1918) | Disappeared February 4, 1918, in moving ice. Loss of all hands. | [B] | [9] | ||
Lightship LV-7 | 1854 | 1909 | Minots Ledge (1854 – 1860) Vineyard Sound (1861 – 1875) Relief (1875 – 1881) Wreck of Scotland (1881 – 1902) Relief (1902 – 1909) | [B] | [10] | |||
Lightship LV-8 | 1860 | 1879 | Frying Pan Shoal (1860) Han and Chickens (1867 – 1877) Relief (1877 – 1879) | Originally Thomas G. Haight. Commissioned by the USN as USS Arctic (1855) in the rescue of Elisha Kane in 1855. Sold to Lighthouse Establishment prior to 1859. Sunk by Confederate States Navy in 1860 at Cape Fear River. Salvaged by USLHT Iris in 1866 and repaired. | [B] | [11] | ||
Lightship LV-9 | 1858 | 1925 | Relief (1858–1915) Hedge Fence (1915–1925) | [B] | [12] | |||
Lightship LV-10 | 1887 | 1902 | Grosse Pointe (1887–1902) | Purchased as a construction barge for the Lighthouse Service, converted to a lightship in 1887. | [13] | |||
Lightship LV-11 | 1854 | 1925 | Nantucket New South Shoal (1854–1855) Brenton Reef (1856–1897) Relief (1897–1902) Scotland (1902–1925) | [B] | [14] | |||
Lightship LV-12 | c. | 1835 | 1871 | Eel Grass Shoal (Unknown–1871) | Formerly the Guthrie. Number reassigned in 1871. (See note.) | [C] | [15] | |
Lightship LV-13 | 1854 | 1913 | Relief (1854 – 1855) Succonnessett Shoal (1855 – 1862) Relief (1862 – 1867) Bartlett Reef (1867 – 1933) Relief (1933 – 1934) | [B] | [16] | |||
Lightship LV-14 | 1853 | 1872 | Brenton Reef (1853 – 1856) Cornfield Point (1856 – 1872) Relief (1872) | Formerly Ledyard | [B] | [17] | ||
Lightship LV-15 | 1838 | 1879 | Stratford Shoal (1837 – 1877) Relief (1877 – 1879) | Replaced by Stratford Shoal Light in 1877; Used as a barracks for workers building the Great Beds Light in 1880; Sold at public auction in December 1880 for $1,010 | [B] | [18] | ||
Lightship LV-16 | 1854 | 1935 | Sandy Hook (1854 – 1891) Relief (1891 – 1935) | [B] | [19] | |||
Lightship LV-17 | 1848 | 1891 | Bartlett Reef (1848 – 1867) Relief (1867 – 1877) Eel Grass Shoal (1877 – 1882) Relief (1882 – 1891) | Transferred to US Navy in 1891 for use as target practice. Sunk October 15, 1891. | [B] | [20] | ||
Lightship LV-18 | 1839 | 1875 | Five Fathom Bank (1839 – 1869) Relief (1869 – 1875) | Transferred to US Navy in 1875 for use as target practice. Presumably sunk. | [B] | [21] | ||
Lightship LV-19 | c. | 1845 | 1900 | Cross Ledge (1845 – 1875) Fourteen Foot Bank (1876 – 1886) Ram Island Reef (1886 – 1894) Relief (1894 – 1900) | May be the same ship as Lightship X. Transferred to US Navy in 1900 for use as target practice. Presumably sunk. | [B] | [22] | |
Lightship LV-20 | 1867 | 1923 | Relief (1867 – 1868) Wreck of Scotland (1868 – 1870) Relief (1870 – 1876) Wreck of Scotland (1876 – 1880) Relief (1880 – 1886) Wreck of Oregon (1886) Relief (1886 – 1918) Cross Rip (1918 – 1922) Relief (1923) | Sold in 1923 and used by rumrunners during Prohibition. Grounded, abandoned, and eventually burned near Plymouth, Massachusetts. | [B] | [23] | ||
Lightship LV-21 | 1864 | 1880 | Upper Cedar Point (1864 – 1867) Willoughby Split (1867 – 1868) Relief (1869 – 1871) Wreck of Weehawken (1871 – 1872) Tybee Island Knoll (1872 – 1880) | [B] | [24] | |||
Lightship LV-22 | c. | 1846 | 1903 | Relief (1846–Unknown) York Split (1863–1864) Wolf Trap Shoal (1864–1870) Eel Grass Shoal (1871–1872) Cornfield Point (1872–1882) Relief (1884–1885) Hog Island Shoal (1885–1901) Relief (1901–1903) | Only lightship to be renumbered. See note. | [C] | [15][25] | |
Lightship LV-23 | 1862 | 1925 | Smith Point (1862 – 1868) Willoughby Split (1868 – 1872) Relief (1872 – 1874) Wreck of Scotland (1874 – 1876) Relief (1876 – 1882) Cornfield Point (1882 – 1892) Relief (1892 – 1894) Ram Island Reef (1894 – 1925) | Originally A. J. W. Applegarth, acquired by Lightship Service in 1862. | [B] | [26] | ||
Lightship LV-24 | 1864 | 1869 | Lower Cedar Point (1864 – 1867) York Spit (1867 – 1870) Relief (1870 – 1874) Winter Quarter Shoal (1874 – 1875) Relief (1875 – 1889) | [B] | [27] | |||
Lightship LV-25 | 1827 | 1884 | Hooper Straight (1827 – 1867) Relief (1867 – 1870) Choptank River entrance (1870 – 1871) Eel Grass Shoal (1872 – 1877) Relief (1877 – 1884) | [B] | [28] | |||
Lightship LV-28 | 1864 | 1906 | Bowlers Rock (1864 – 1868) Relief (1868 – 1869) Galveston (1870 – 1906) | [B] | [29] | |||
Lightship LV-29 | 1865 | 1915 | Frying Pan Shoal (1865 – 1871) Martins Industry (1871 – 1875) Frying Pan Shoal (1875 – 1877) Relief (1877 – 1880) Martins Industry (1880 – 1887) Relief (1887 – 1888) Frying Pan Shoal (1888 – 1892) Relief (1893 – 1906) Martins Industry (1906 – 1911) Relief (1911 – 1915) | [B] | [30] | |||
Lightship LV-30 | 1863 | 1871 | Rattlesnake Shoal (1863 – 1871) | [B] | [31] | |||
Lightship LV-31 | 1865 | 1871 | Wreck of Weehawken (1865 – 1871) | Formerly James Gray, commissioned in the Confederate States Navy as CSS Lady Davis. Captured by the USN in 1865, stripped, and transferred into lightship service. | [B] | [32] | ||
Lightship LV-32 | 1863 | 1890 | Frying Pan Shoal (1863 – 1864) Martins Industry (1864 – 1871) Relief (1871 – 1877) Frying Pan Shoal (1877 – 1883) Relief (1883 – 1886) Rattlesnake Shoal (1886 – 1889) Relief (1889 – 1890) | [B] | [33] | |||
Lightship LV-33 | 1857 | 1872 | Relief (1857 – 1861) Martins Industry (1862 – 1864) Relief (1864 – 1868) Fishing Rip (1868 – 1869) Tybee Island Knoll (1869 – 1872) | [B] | [34] | |||
Lightship LV-34 | 1866 | 1924 | Relief (1866 – 1876) Frying Pan Shoal (1871 – 1875) Martins Industry (1876 – 1880) Rattlesnake Shoal (1880 – 1886) Martins Industry (1887 – 1892) Rattlesnake Shoal (1892 – 1894) Charleston (1894 – 1924) | Sunk due to an accident at Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1872, recovered. Driven ashore at Long Island Beach, South Carolina, during a hurricane, August 28, 1892. Hauled back to sea in 1894. | [B] | [35] | ||
Lightship LV-35 | 1858 | 1862 | Martins Industry (1858 – 1862) | Sunk by the Confederate States Navy in the Savannah River, 1862. Raised in 1866 and intended for lightship duty, but subsequently found to be too damaged. | [D] | [36] | ||
Lightship LV-37 | 1869 | 1893 | Five Fathoms Bank (1869 – 1876) Winter Quarter Shoal (1876 – 1888) Relief (1888) Fenwick Island Shoal (1888 – 1892) Relief (1892 – 1893) | April 24, 1874: liberty boat sank near Cold Spring Bar, New Jersey, killing four crewmembers. Sank on station, August 4, 1893. Four crewmen lost. | [E] | [37] | ||
Lightship LV-38 | 1870 | 1892 | Relief (1870 – 1871) Rattlesnake Shoal (1871 – 1880) Relief (1881 – 1883) Frying Pan Shoal (1883 – 1888) Relief (1888 – 1889) Rattlesnake Shoal (1889 – 1892) | [E] | [38] | |||
Lightship LV-39 | 1875 | 1935 | Vineyard Sound (1875 – 1876) Five Fathom Bank (1876 – 1877) Relief (1877 – 1897) Brenton Reef (1897 – 1935) | Struck and damaged by USS Iowa, August 1905. Sold after 1935. Sank in 1975 near Beverly, Massachusetts. | [39] | |||
Lightship LV-58 | 1894 | 1905 | Nantucket New South Shoal (1894 – 1896) Fire Island (1896 – 1897) Relief (1897 – 1905) | Sank in a gale. | [40] | |||
Lightship LV-71 | 1897 | 1918 | Diamond Shoals (1897 – 1918) | The only lightship sunk by enemy action. | [41] | |||
Lightship LV-79 | 1904 | 1967 | Five Fathom Bank (1904 – 1924) Relief (1924 – 1926) Barnegat (1927 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Barnegat (1945 – 1967) | Now a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. | [42] | |||
Lightship LV-83 | 1905 | 1960 | Blunts Reef (1905 – 1930) San Francisco (1930 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) San Francisco (1945 – 1951) Relief (1951 – 1960) | Now a museum in Seattle, Washington. | [43] | |||
Lightship LV-87 | 1907 | 1966 | Now a museum in New York City, New York. | |||||
Lightship LV-97 | 1895 | 1918 | Bush Bluff (1895 – 1918) | Sold to private owner and scrapped. | [44] | |||
Lightship LV-100 | 1929 | 1971 | Blunts Reef (1930 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Blunts Reef (1945 – 1959) Relief (1959 – 1969) San Francisco (1969 – 1971) | Transferred to U.S. Navy Aug 6, 1971 for further transfer to Vietnam. | [F] | [45] | ||
Lightship LV-101 | 1916 | 1963 | Cape Charles (1916 – 1924) Relief (1925 – 1926) Overfalls (1926 – 1951) Stonehorse Shoal (1951 – 1963) | Now a museum in Portsmouth, Virginia. | [46] | |||
Lightship LV-103 | 1921 | 1970 | Relief (1921 – 1923) Grays Reef (1924 – 1926) Relief (1927 – 1928) Grays Reef (1929) Relief (1929 – 1933) North Manitou Shoal (1934 – 1935) Relief (1935) Lake Huron (1936 – 1970) | Now a museum in Port Huron, Michigan. | [47] | |||
Lightship LV-112 | 1936 | 1975 | Nantucket Shoals (1936 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Nantucket Shoals (1945 – 1958) Relief (1958 – 1960) Nantucket Shoals (1960 – 1975) | Now a museum in East Boston, Massachusetts. | [48] | |||
Lightship LV-113 | 1930 | 1968 | Swiftsure Bank (1930 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Swiftsure Bank (1945 – 1961) Umatilla Reef (1961) Relief (1961 – 1968) | Sank on Jun 16, 1988 while being towed to Ketchikan, Alaska. | [F] | [49] | ||
Lightship LV-114 | 1930 | 1971 | Fire Island (1930 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Diamond Shoal (1945 – 1947) Relief (1947 – 1958) Pollock Rip (1958 – 1969) Portland (1969 – 1971) | Located in New Bedford, Massachusetts from about 1980. Wrecked on May 31, 2006. Sold for salvage and scrapped. | [F] | [50] | ||
Lightship LV-115 | 1930 | 1965 | Frying Pan Shoals (1930 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Frying Pan Shoals (1945 – 1964) Relief (1964 – 1965) | Sold to private owner. | [F] | [51] | ||
Lightship LV-116 | 1930 | 1970 | Fenwick Island Shoal (1930 – 1933) Chesapeake (1933 – 1942) Examination Vessel, WWII (1942 – 1945) Chesapeake (1945 – 1965) Delaware (1965 – 1970) | Transferred to the National Park Service. | [F] | [52] | ||
Lightship LV-117 | 1931 | 1934 | Nantucket Shoals (1931 – 1934) | Sank after being struck by the RMS Olympic. | [F] | [53] | ||
Lightship LV-118 | 1938 | 1972 | Cornfield Point (1938 – 1957) Cross Rip (1958 – 1962) Boston (1962 – 1972) | Now a museum in Lewes, Delaware. | [54] | |||
Lightship WLV-604 | 1951 | 1979 | Columbia River (1951 – 1979) | Now a museum in Astoria, Oregon. | [55] | |||
Lightship WAL-605 | 1951 | 1975 | Overfalls (1951 – 1960) Blunts Reef' (1960 – 1969) Relief (1969 – 1975) | Now a museum in Oakland, California. | [56] | |||
Lightship WLV-613 | 1952 | 1983 | Ambrose Channel (1952 – 1967) Relief (1967 – 1979) Nantucket Shoals (1979 – 1983) | Sold to private owner. | [57] | |||
- Footnotes
- ^ A. Name assigned retroactively in 1938. During her years in service, this ship was referred to exclusively by her station name.
- ^ B. Name/hull number assigned between 1867–70. Previously, she was referred to exclusively by her station name.
- ^ C. LV-12 was assigned to two ships. From circa 1867 to 1871, LV-12 was the former Guthrie and LV-22 was an unnamed Fifth District relief vessel. In 1871, old LV-12 was decommissioned and LV-22 was renumbered LV-12. For clarity, this list refers to her as LV-22 exclusively.
- ^ D. Name/hull number assigned between 1867–68 in anticipation of her return to service, but she was found not fit, condemned, and sold.
- ^ E. Either LV-37 or LV-38 was the first lightship to have launched with a LV designation. Except for the anomalously numbered LV-10 (which would have been 43), all subsequent US lightships were numbered sequentially.
- ^ F. Six identical vessels: LV 100/WAL 523 (1929), LV 113/WAL 535 (1929) and LV 114 / WAL 536 (1930) built at Albina Iron Works, Portland, Oregon. LV 115 / WAL 537 (1930), LV 116 / WAL 538 (1930) and LV 117 (1930) built at Charleston Drydock & Machine Company, Charleston, South Carolina.
See also
Notes
- ↑ Flint, Willard. A History of U.S. Lightships. p. 2.
- ↑ Flint, Willard. A History of U.S. Lightships. p. 19.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 "Early U.S. Lightships". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV1". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV2". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV3". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV4". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV5". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV6". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV7". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV8". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV9". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV10". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV11". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- 1 2 "Vessel Designation: LV12". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV13". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV14". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV15". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV16". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV17". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV18". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV19". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV20". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV21". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Eel Grass Shoal Lightship Station History". United States Coast Guard Lightship Sailors Association. October 23, 2006. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV23". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV24". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV25". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV28". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV29". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV30". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV31". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV32". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV33". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV34". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV35". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV37". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. June 18, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV38". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. July 28, 2008. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV39" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. July 28, 2008. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 58". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ http://wikimapia.org/1223202/Wreck-of-Diamond-Shoal-Lightship-No-71
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 79/WAL 506". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 83/WAL 508". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 97". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 100/WAL 523". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 101 / WAL 524". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 103/WAL 526". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 112/WAL 534". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 113/WAL 535". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 114 / WAL 536". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 115 / WAL 537". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 116 / WAL 538". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 117". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: LV 118/WAL 539". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: WLV 604". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: WLV 605". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Vessel Designation: WLV 613". U.S. Coast Guard Lightships. United States Coast Guard. November 17, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
References
- Flint, Willard (1993). A History of U.S. Lightships (PDF). Coast Guard Historian Office.