List of megamouth shark specimens and sightings

Specimen #7 deposited at Marine World Uminonakamichi, Japan
Specimen #37 exhibited at Aburatsubo Marine Park, Japan

This list of megamouth shark specimens and sightings is a comprehensive listing of all recorded human encounters with Megachasma pelagios, popularly known as the megamouth shark.

List of megamouth sharks

Records are listed chronologically in ascending order and numbered accordingly.

# Date Location Sex Size Method of capture Disposition References Notes
1 15 November 1976 25 miles (40 km) off Kāne'ohe, Oahu, Hawaii (21°51′N 157°46′W / 21.850°N 157.767°W / 21.850; -157.767) Male TL: 4.46 m; PCL: 3.091 m (69.3% TL); WT: 750 kg Became entangled in the sea anchor of a United States Navy ship Deposited at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Dunford (1976); Taylor (1977); Cressey & Boyle (1978); Johnson (1978); Taylor et al. (1983); [Anonymous] (1983a, b, c, d, e, f); Maisey (1985); Wood (1986); Gallagher (N.d.) Holotype and first recorded specimen. First examined by Leighton Taylor, who dubbed it "megamouth".
2 29 November 1984 Catalina Island, California Male TL: 4.49 m "Caught" Deposited at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County [Anonymous] (1984a, b); Lavenberg & Seigel (1985); Diamond (1985); Maisey (1985); Wood (1986)
3 18 August 1988 Mandurah, Western Australia Male TL: 5.15 m; PCL: 3.43 m (66.6% TL) Found washed ashore Deposited at Western Australian Museum Berra & Hutchins (1988); [Anonymous] (1988a, b); Nielsen (1988); Berra & Hutchins (1990); Berra & Hutchins (1991)
4 23 January 1989 Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan Male TL: 4+ m Found washed ashore Discarded Nakaya (1989a); Nakaya (1989b)
5 June 1989 Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan Female? TL: ~4.9 m Caught in net Released alive Miya et al. (1992); Mollet (2012) Most likely a female according to John Morrissey.
6 21 October 1990 Dana Point, California Male TL: 4.94 m Found entangled in a drift gillnet Tracked Haight (1990a); Haight (1990b); [Anonymous] (1990a, b, c, d); [Anonymous] (1991a, b); Lavenberg (1991); Nelson et al. (1997) Specimen was taken alive, then fitted with two ultrasonic transmitters and tracked for two days. The shark was observed to move close to the surface at night and deeper during the day.
7 29 November 1994 Hakata Bay, Fukuoka, Japan (34°40′N 130°50′E / 34.667°N 130.833°E / 34.667; 130.833) Immature female TL: 4.71 m; PCL: 3.136 m (66.6% TL) "Stranded" Deposited at Marine World Uminonakamichi (Fukuoka, Japan) Castro (1994); Takada (1994); Takada (1995); Clark & Castro (1995); Castro et al. (1997); Nakaya et al. (1997); Takada et al. (1997); Tanaka & Yano (1997); Yabumoto et al. (1997); Yamaguchi & Nakaya (1997); Yano et al. (1997a); Yano et al. (1997b); Yano et al. (1997c); Goto (1999) First confirmed female; much studied. Numerous papers on this specimen were published in Biology of the Megamouth Shark (1997).
8 4 May 1995 40 miles (64 km) off Dakar, Senegal (15°08′N 18°22′W / 15.133°N 18.367°W / 15.133; -18.367) Immature male TL: ~1.8 m Caught in purse seine of French tuna fishing ship Discarded Séret (1995) First recorded specimen from the Atlantic Ocean and smallest known specimen at the time.
9 18 September 1995 southern Brazil Immature male TL: 1.9 m; WT: 24.4 kg Caught by commercial longline vessel Deposited at Instituto de Pesca in São Paulo, Brazil Castro & Gadig (1995); Amorim et al. (1995); Amorim et al. (2000)
10 30 April 1997 12 miles (19 km) south of Mikizaki, Owase, Mie, Japan (33°44′N 136°16′E / 33.733°N 136.267°E / 33.733; 136.267) at 150 m depth Female TL: 5.44 m; WT: 1,040 kg Caught by fishermen Deposited at Toba Aquarium Yano et al. (1997d); Ito et al. (1999) External brain form and cranial nerves studied in detail.
11 20 February 1998 Macajalar Bay, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines Male TL: ~5.49 m Caught by three fishermen Consumed Baldo & Elizaga (1998); Elizaga (1998a); Elizaga (1998b); Reyes (1998); Morrissey & Elizaga (1999); Amorim et al. (2000)
12 23 April 1998 Atawa, Mie, Japan Female TL: 5.2–5.49 m "Captured" Discarded Yano et al. (1998); Amorim et al. (2000); Burgess (N.d.)
13 30 August 1998 Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
(1°46′0″N 124°50′3″E / 1.76667°N 124.83417°E / 1.76667; 124.83417) 		Female? TL: ~5 m Observed being attacked by Sperm Whales Swam away Pecchioni & Benoldi (1999); Amorim et al. (2000)
14 1 October 1999 30 miles (48 km) west of San Diego, California Female TL: ~17 ft (5.2 m) Caught in a drift gillnet Released alive in good condition Petersen (1999) Four colour photographs taken. Water temperature was 67.2 °F (19.56 °C).
15 19 October 2001 42 miles (68 km) northwest of San Diego, California Male TL: ~18 ft (5.5 m) Caught in a drift gillnet Released alive in good condition Petersen (2001) Tissue biopsy collected. Water temperature was 65.8 °F (18.78 °C).
16 18 January 2002 eastern Indian Ocean (2°17.9′S 88°12.7′E / 2.2983°S 88.2117°E / -2.2983; 88.2117) at 150 m depth Immature male TL: 2.35 m; WT(estimate): >120 kg Caught in tuna purse seine Discarded Boonyapiwat & Vidthayanon (2002) Caught by M/V Seafdec. Sea surface temperature was 26.8 °C.
17 20 April 2002 Nature's Valley near Plettenberg Bay, approximately 400 km east of Cape Town, South Africa (33°59′S 23°34′E / 33.983°S 23.567°E / -33.983; 23.567) Female TL: 3.5 m; WT: 300 kg Found washed ashore Deposited at Port Elizabeth Museum [Anonymous] (2002); Sanchez (2002); Smale (2002); Smale et al. (2002) Collected from the beach by Vic Cockcroft of the Centre for Dolphin Studies. Tissue samples taken. Specimen was examined, measured and dissected by Malcolm Smale and Leonard Compagno. Mould of the animal was used for educational displays.
18 6 January 2003 Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines ? TL: 4.97 m; BD: 1.01 m Caught by fisherman Consumed Yasay (2003) Caught by fisherman Eldiposo Pabaida. Personnel of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 10 (BFAR 10) measured the specimen and took several photographs.
19 26 May 2003 Dana Point, California ? TL(estimate): 20–25 ft (6–7.6 m); WT(estimate): 5 tons Sighted at sea Released Robbins (2003) Sighted by Scott Caldwell from the Leslie Anne. A rope was temporarily tied around the animal's tail, preventing escape. No photographs taken; unconfirmed sighting.
20 3 July 2003 800 m off Ki-Lei-Bi, Hualien County, Taiwan Male TL: ~2.5 m; WT: 490 kg Caught in net Consumed Mollet (2004) Caught by fisherman Li. Specimen bought by local seafood store. Stomach was found to be empty.
21 7 August 2003 Omaezaki, Shizuoka, Japan Male TL: 4.3 m ? Deposited at Tokai University Furuta (2003); Burgess (N.d.) Prepared for display by taxidermist.
22 8 March 2004 41.6 nautical miles (77.0 km) off Posorja Port, Guayas, Ecuador (2°54.374′S 81°14.858′W / 2.906233°S 81.247633°W / -2.906233; -81.247633) Male TL: 4.2 m; WT: ~600 kg Caught in trammel net Sent to market Romero & Cruz (2004) Caught by small fishing vessel that was unable to bring it aboard. Assisted by the Ecuadorian tuna fish ship Betty Elizabeth. Animal was alive at time of capture and regurgitated food consisting mainly of Engraulis ringens. Surface temperature of the sea was 23.6 °C.
23 13 March 2004 Gapang Beach, northern tip of Sumatra Immature male TL: 1.767 m; WT: 13.82 kg Found washed ashore Deposited at Cibinong Museum Lumba Lumba Dive Centre (2004); White et al. (2004) Smallest recorded specimen. On public display.
24 19 April 2004 Ichihara, Tokyo Bay, Japan Female TL: 5.63 m; WT: 2,679 lb (1,215 kg) Found washed ashore Taxidermy specimen displayed at the Natural History Museum and Institute Osedo (2004) Survived several days before dying from stress. Identified by Masaki Miya, curator of fishes at the National History Museum and Institute in Chiba.
25 23 April 2004 off Ajiro, Shizuoka, Japan Female TL: ~4.9 m Caught by fishermen Discarded Furuta (2004) Japanese newspaper article mentions total length of 5.5-5.6 m and weight of "1", implying over 1 ton.
26 4 November 2004 Barangay Namocon, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines Female TL: 5.04 m; WT: ~1 ton Stranded on beach Preserved in tank at SEAFDEC Museum [Anonymous] (2004); Bagarinao (2004) Stranded alive at around 5 pm and died at around 10 pm. Removed from the beach by 16 fishermen. Preserved in 10% formalin in a 1-ton fiberglass tank.
27 23 January 2005 off Kisei cho Nishiki, Mie, Japan, at 200 m depth Female TL: 5.28 m Caught in purse seine Deposited at Toba Aquarium Furuta (2005) Prepared by taxidermist for display at the aquarium.
28 30 January 2005 Macajalar Bay, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines Female? TL: 4.17 m; WT: ~1000 kg Caught in net Buried Elizaga (2005a); Elizaga (2005b); Lumingkit et al. (2005); Ellorin (2005) Caught by fisherman Sofronio Casañares. It pulled Casañares's paddle-driven banca for around an hour before stopping, apparently due to exhaustion. Specimen was dissected prior to burial.
29 ~25 April 2005 Hualien Port, Hualien County, Taiwan ? WT: 580 kg Caught by ocean sunfish driftnetters Sold at market for human consumption Wang & Yang (2005a) Described by fishermen as "big mouthed shark with no teeth".
30 2 May 2005 Hualien Port, Hualien County, Taiwan ? WT: 580 kg Caught by ocean sunfish driftnetters Sold at market for human consumption Wang & Yang (2005b) Described by fishermen as "big mouthed shark with no teeth".
31 4 May 2005 Hualien Port, Hualien County, Taiwan Female TL: 7.09 m?; WT: 689 kg Caught by ocean sunfish driftnetter Dissected at Taipei Zoo/Academia Sinica Wang & Yang (2005c) Presumed to be pregnant based on swollen belly. Measured by Shih-Chu Yang. One ectoparasite collected from specimen.
32 5 May 2005 off Hualien County, Taiwan Female WT: 807 kg Caught by fishermen Dissected at Taipei Zoo Wang & Yang (2005d) Likely to have been pregnant. Sold directly to Kwung-Tsao Shao of the Academia Sinica.
33 5 June 2005 off Hualien County, Taiwan ? WT: 400–500 kg Caught by fishermen ? Lin (2005) Fifth megamouth shark caught in the area within two and a half months.
34 26 January 2006 4 km off Bayawan City, Negros Oriental, Philippines Female TL: 5 m; WT(estimate): 1 ton/750 kg Accidentally caught in fishing net Buried [Anonymous] (2006); Sala (2006) Towed by pumpboat of the Bayawan City government to the city's boulevard, but died before it could be released. Very small shrimp found in stomach.
35 12 March 2006 Barra, Macabalan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Female TL: 7 ft 5 in (2.26 m); WT: 60–80 kg Accidentally caught in gillnet ? Cabig (2006) Identified by Edward B. Yasay. Animal died before Yasay could study it.
36 23 March 2006 "China Sea" ? TL: 4.7 m; WT: 650 kg Caught by fishermen ? Lin (2006) Photograph taken.
37 2 May 2006 Sagami Bay, Yugawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan Female TL: 5.7 m Found alive in a fixed shore net Dissected and exhibited at the Aburatsubo Marine Park in Kanagawa Burgess (2006); Mollet (2012) Could not be initially landed due to adverse wind conditions. Animal was filmed on third day and died soon afterwards.
38 16 November 2006 Tortugas Bay, Baja California, Mexico Immature female TL: 2.149 m; WT: 27 kg Accidentally caught by commercial shark boat On display at the Regional Fisheries Center of Ensenada Castillo-Géniz (2006) Accidentally caught by crew of the commercial shark boat F/V Corina del Mar. Examined on November 28 by team of technicians and students led by José Leonardo Castillo-Géniz. Samples taken of stomach contents, teeth, and dermal denticles.
39 29 May 2007 Barangay Tungkop, Minglanilla, Cebu, Philippines ? TL: 8.2 ft (2.5 m); WT: ~40–50 kg Found wounded near shore ? Parco (2007a); Parco (2007b) Found alive with head wound; died after several hours.
40 June 2007 Sagami Bay, Japan Female TL: 5.4 m Caught in net Released alive Mollet (2012) Photographed, filmed and tagged prior to release.
41 9 July 2007 700 km east of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Female TL: 3.6–4 m; WT: 360–450 kg Caught in purse seine Deposited at Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium [Anonymous] (2007); Lin (2007); [Anonymous] (2011a, b, c) Brought to Ishinomaki port and fish market in Miyagi Prefecture. Frozen and transferred to Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium. Dissected at Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium between March 1–3, 2011, in preparation for plastination. During dissection, internal organs were removed, vertebrae sampled for age determination, and head subjected to a CT scan.
42 27 September 2007 Hinunangan, Philippines ? TL: 2.74 m Found dead on beach ? Tajonera (2009a) Weight unknown. Photographed by Marlou Pan.
43 around 30 June 2008 off Taiwan ? WT: 200+ kg "Captured" ? Mollet (2012); Burgess (N.d.) Reported by Victor Lin. No photograph and no length or sex data available.
44 10 July 2008 off eastern Taiwan Female? TL(estimate): ~5–5.5 m; WT: 870 kg "Caught" ? Mollet (2012); Burgess (N.d.) Claimed to be 9 m long in media reports.
45 5 September 2008 Hinunangan, Philippines ? TL: 2.13 m Found stranded alive Pushed back into water, presumably swam away Tajonera (2009b) No photographs taken. Identified by AT-Fisheries.
46 30 March 2009 off eastern coast of Burias Island, Philippines, at ~200 m depth Male TL: 4 m; WT: ~400–500 kg Caught in gillnet by fishermen targeting Rastrelliger kanagurta and Auxis rochei Consumed Aca (2009); Dell'Amore (2009) Died during capture. Tied up and towed to Barangay Dancalan, Donsol, Sorsogon. Identified by Elson Aca of WWF. Cuts found near left side of mouth. Several shrimp larvae found in stomach.
47 9 June 2009 off eastern Taiwan Female? TL: 3.90 m; WT: 350 kg Caught by fishermen from Taitung County Preserved at local shark museum Lin (2009) Bought by local shark museum to be mounted for display.
48 9 July 2009 Praia Grande, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Male TL: 5.39 m Found dead on beach Partially consumed by locals Lima et al. (2009); Gomes & Buttigieg (2009); Mollet (2012) Appeared to have died of natural causes. Autopsy revealed empty stomach.
49 6 November 2009 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Benitos Islands, Mexico ? TL: 2 m Caught in fishing net ? Camacho (2009) Caught by Ensenada fishermen on vessel Famtasma del Mar, captained by Eden Ruvicel.
50 25 April 2010 Taiwan Strait, off southeastern China Male TL(estimate): ≥4 m; WT(estimate): >1000 kg; WT(skin): 100–200 kg "Caught" Flesh cut into chunks and sold at market for consumption; skin and jaw saved; to be donated to educational facility Lin (2010a) Photographs taken of skinned specimen only.
51 19 June 2010 off eastern Taiwan ? WT(estimate): ~770 kg "Caught" Flesh sold at market for consumption; jaw saved Lin (2010b); Mollet (2012) Purchased by fish dealer in northeastern Taiwan "in poor condition, described as tattered and broken or perhaps even cut open". Photographs taken of jaw and flesh chunks only.
52 12 June 2011 Bahía de Vizcaíno, off western Baja California peninsula, Mexico Immature male TL: 3 m "Caught" ? Falcón (2011) Sent to Ensenada, Mexico, to be sliced into pieces, examined, and photographed. Gill and muscle structure studied by researchers from Mexico and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Captured by same vessel that caught specimen #38.
53 1 July 2011 Sagami Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan Female TL: ~3 m ? Deposited at Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History Mollet (2012); Burgess (N.d.) Information and photographs provided by Alex Buttigieg (Mollet, 2012).
54 January 2012 "Sea of China" ? TL: 5.65–5.70 m; WT: 1150–1250 kg ? ? Mollet (2012) Information and photographs provided by Victor Lin (Mollet, 2012).
55 16 October 2012 off eastern Taiwan Female TL(estimate): 6 m [4.29 m without tail]; WT(estimate): 800–900 kg "Caught" Organs preserved and donated to unspecified university; meat sold Lin (2012) Tail broke off during recovery. Total intact length estimated by fish dealer who purchased specimen.
56 14 April 2014 off Shizuoka, Japan Female TL: 4.4 meters; WT(estimate): not reported "Caught" Autopsy scheduled for May 2014 NHK News Web[1] Specimen will be studied at Tokai University Marine Science Museum, Shizuoka, Japan
57 28 January 2015 off Albay, Philippines Male ? Washed ashore Preserved on ice pending necropsy and display Washington Post

Measurements

References

  1. ↑ NHK News Web (15 April 2014). "Yuikou ni kyodaizame agaru [Giant shark caught in harbor]" (in Japanese).
  • [Anonymous] 1983a. New species of shark lacks sharp teeth. Syracuse Herald-Journal September 12, 1983.
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  • [Anonymous] 1983d. Wimp Kin Of 'Jaws' Discovered. The Miami Herald September 13, 1983.
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  • Castro, J.I. & O.B.F. Gadig 1995. Megamouth Shark #9 Caught off Brazil and now displayed in the Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, Brazil. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
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  • Gomes, U.L. & A. Buttigieg 2009. Megamouth Shark # 47: Megamouth . Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Goto, M. 1999. Histological structure of the teeth, dermal and mucous denticles and gill rakers of a female megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagious, from Hakata Bay, Japan. Archives of Comparative Biology of Tooth Enamel 6: 9–18.
  • Haight, T. 1990a. Megamouth Shark #6 Caught in Dana Point, California. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Haight, T. 1990b. Male Megamouth Shark caught in Dana Point, California. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Ito, H., M. Yoshimoto & H. Somiya 1999. External Brain Form and Cranial Nerves of the Megamouth Shark, Megachasma pelagios. Copeia 1999(1): 210–213.
  • Johnson, C.S. 1978. Sea creatures and the problem of equipment damage. U.S. Naval Inst. Proc. [August]: 106–107.
  • Lavenberg, R.J. 1991. Megamania — the continuing saga of megamouth sharks. Terra 30: 30–39.
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  • Lima, L.M., B. Rennó & S. Siciliano 2009. Gigante dos mares em areias fluminenses. Diário do Grande ABC October 5, 2009.
  • Lin, V. 2005. Megamouth Shark #33. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Lin, V. 2006. Megamouth Shark #36 Caught in China Sea. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Lin, V. 2007. Megamouth Shark # 40: Megamouth Caught Off The Coast Of Japan . Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Lin, V. 2009. Megamouth Shark # 46: Megamouth. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Lin, V. 2010a. Megamouth Shark # 49 Caught Off Of Southeastern China (Taiwan Straits). Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Lin, V. 2010b. Megamouth Shark # 50 Caught Off Eastern Taiwan. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
  • Lin, V. 2012. Megamouth Shark #54: Caught off eastern Taiwan. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.
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