List of physical properties of glass

This is a list of some physical properties of common glasses. Unless otherwise stated, the technical glass compositions and many experimentally determined properties are taken from one large study.^[1] Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and T_g of germanium oxide glass).

The list is not exhaustive.

Properties	Soda-lime glass (for containers)[2]	Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran)	Glass wool (for thermal insulation)	Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal)	Fused silica	Germania glass	Germanium selenide glass
Chemical composition, wt%	74 SiO2, 13 Na2O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al2O3, 0.3 K2O, 0.2 SO3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO2, 0.04 Fe2O3	81 SiO2, 12.5 B2O3, 4 Na2O, 2.2 Al2O3, 0.02 CaO, 0.06 K2O	63 SiO2, 16 Na2O, 8 CaO, 3.3 B2O3, 5 Al2O3, 3.5 MgO, 0.8 K2O, 0.3 Fe2O3, 0.2 SO3	41.2 SiO2, 34.1 PbO, 12.4 BaO, 6.3 ZnO, 3.0 K2O, 2.5 CaO, 0.35 Sb2O3, 0.2 As2O3	SiO2	GeO2	GeSe2
Viscosity log(η, Pa·s) = A + B / (T in °C - To)	550–1450 °C: A = -2.309 B = 3922 To = 291	550–1450 °C: A = -2.834 B = 6668 To = 108	550–1400 °C: A = -2.323 B = 3232 To = 318	500–690 °C: A = -35.59 B = 60930 To = -741	1140–2320 °C: A = -7.766 B = 27913 To = -271.7	515–1540 °C: A = -11.044 B = 30979 To = −837
Glass transition temperature, Tg, °C	573	536	551	~540	1140	526 ± 27[3][4][5]	395 [6]
Coefficient of thermal expansion, ppm/K, ~100–300 °C	9	3.5	10	7	0.55	7.3
Density at 20 °C, [g/cm^3], x1000 to get [kg/m^3]	2.52	2.235	2.550	3.86	2.203	3.65 [7]	4.16 [6]
Refractive index nD[8] at 20 °C	1.518	1.473	1.531	1.650	1.459	1.608	1.7
Dispersion at 20 °C, 10^4×(nF - nC)[8]	86.7	72.3	89.5	169	67.8	145
Young's modulus at 20 °C, GPa	72	65	75	67	72	43.3 [9]
Shear modulus at 20 °C, GPa	29.8	28.2		26.8	31.3
Liquidus temperature, °C	1040	1070[10]			1715	1115
Heat capacity at 20 °C, J/(mol·K)	49	50	50	51	44	52
Surface tension, at ~1300 °C, mJ/m^2	315	370	290
Chemical durability, Hydrolytic class, after ISO 719[11]	3	1	3

References

1. "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, ISBN 1-57498-225-7
2. Soda-lime glass for containers is slightly different from soda-lime glass for windows (also called flat glass or float glass). Float glass has a higher magnesium oxide content as compared to container glass, and a lower silica and calcium oxide content. For further details see main article Soda-lime glass.
3. A.J. Leadbettera and A.C. Wrigh (1972). "Diffraction studies of glass structure: II. The structure of vitreous germania". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 7: 37–52. Bibcode:1972JNCS....7...37L. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(72)90016-6.
4. M. Micoulaut; et al. (2006). "Simulated structural and thermal properties of glassy and liquid germania". Physical Review E. 73 (3): 031504. Bibcode:2006PhRvE..73c1504M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.73.031504.
5. 35 T_g data for GeO₂ from SciGlass 6.7
6. Kotkata; El-Shair, H T; Afifi, M A; Abdel-Aziz, M M; et al. (1994). "Effect of thallium on the optical properties of amorphous GeSe2 and GeSe4 films". J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27 (3): 623–627. Bibcode:1994JPhD...27..623K. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/27/3/031.
7. P. S. Salmon; et al. (2006). Physical Review Letters "Glass Fragility and Atomic Ordering on the Intermediate and Extended Range" Check |url= value (help). Physical Review Letters. 96 (23): 235502. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96w5502S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.235502. PMID 16803382.
8. The subscript D indicates that the refractive index n was measured at a wavelength λ of 589.29 nm, F and C indicate 486.13 nm (blue) and 656.27 nm (red) respectively (see article Fraunhofer lines)
9. L. G. Hwa and W.C. Chao (2005). "Velocity of sound and elastic properties of lanthanum gallo-germanate glasses". Materials Chemistry and Physics. 94: 37–41. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.010.
10. Valid for glass composition, wt%: 80.7 SiO₂, 13.1 B₂O₃, 4.1 Na₂O, 2.1 Al₂O₃; Reference: Baak N. T. E. A. and Rapp C. F., GB Patent No. 1132885 Cl C 03 C 3/04, Abridg. Specif., 1968; Assignee: Owens-Illinois, Inc. (US).
11. International Organization for Standardization, Procedure 719 (1985)