List of related male and female reproductive organs

This list of related male and female reproductive organs shows how the male and female reproductive organs of the human reproductive system are related, sharing a common developmental path. This makes them biological homologues. These organs differentiate into the respective sex organs in males and females.

List

Embryological precursor	Male	Female
Gonad	Testis	Ovary
Paramesonephric duct (Müllerian duct)	Appendix testis	Fallopian tubes
Paramesonephric duct	Prostatic utricle	Uterus, cervix, vagina[1]
Mesonephric tubules	Efferent ducts, paradidymis	Epoophoron, paroöphoron
Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)	Rete testis	Rete ovarii
Mesonephric duct	Epididymis	Gartner's duct
Mesonephric duct	Vas deferens
Mesonephric duct	Seminal vesicle
Urogenital sinus	Prostate	Skene's glands
Urogenital sinus	Bladder, urethra	Bladder, urethra
Urogenital sinus	Cowper's or bulbourethral gland	Bartholin's gland
Labioscrotal folds	Scrotum	Labia majora
Urogenital folds	Penile skin	Labia minora
Genital tubercle	Penis	Clitoris
Genital tubercle	Bulb of penis	Vestibular bulbs
Genital tubercle	Glans penis	Clitoral glans
Genital tubercle	Crus of penis	Clitoral crura
Prepuce	Foreskin	Clitoral hood
Peritoneum	Processus vaginalis	Canal of Nuck
Gubernaculum	Gubernaculum testis	Round ligament of uterus

Internal organs

Diagrams that show the development of male and female organs from a common precursor

Embryological precusor	Female	Male
3. Ureter	Ureter	Ureter
4. Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder
5. Urachus	Urachus	Urachus
i. Lower part of the intestine	i. Lower part of the intestine	i. Lower part of the intestine
cl. Cloaca
cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis (genital tubercle)	cc. Corpus cavernosum clitoridis	cp. Corpora cavernosa penis cut short
ug. Sinus urogenitalis	C. Greater vestibular gland, and immediately above it the urethra	C. Bulbo-urethral gland of one side
	f. The abdominal opening of the left uterine tube
	g. Round ligament, corresponding to gubernaculum	g. The gubernaculum
	h. Situation of the hymen
ls. Labioscrotal folds	l. Labium majus	s. Scrotum
	n. Labium minus
m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord		m. Müllerian duct, the upper part of which remains as the hydatid of Morgagni; the lower part, represented by a dotted line descending to the prostatic utricle, constitutes the occasionally existing cornu and tube of the uterus masculinus
ot. The genital ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed.	o. The left ovary	t. Testis in the place of its original formation; t’, together with the dotted lines above, indicates the direction in which the testis and epididymis descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.
		pr. The prostate
	sc. Corpus cavernosum urethrae	sp. Corpus cavernosum urethrae
	u. Uterus. The uterine tube of the right side is marked m.
	v. Vulva
	va. Vagina
		vh. Ductus aberrans
		vs. The vesicula seminalis
W. Left Wolffian body		W. Scattered remains of the Wolffian body, constituting the organ of Giraldès, or the paradidymis of Waldeyer.
w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts	W. Scattered remains of Wolffian tubes near it (paroöphoron of Waldeyer); dG. Remains of the left Wolffian duct, such as give rise to the duct of Gärtner, represented by dotted lines; that of the right side is marked w.
	po. Epoophoron

External organs

• A: Undifferentiated
• B: Female
• C: Male
• D: Female
• E: Male
• F: Female

References

1. Cai Y (2009). "Revisiting old vaginal topics: conversion of the Müllerian vagina and origin of the "sinus" vagina". Int J Dev Biol 2009; 53:925-34. 53 (7): 925–34. doi:10.1387/ijdb.082846yc. PMID 19598112.