List of state leaders in 1678

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1678.

Africa

• Kingdom of Bamum – Koutou, Sultan of Bamum (1672–1757)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
• Ethiopian Empire – Yohannes I (1667–1682)
• Wolof Empire – Bakar Penda (1670–1711)

Asia

• China (Qing dynasty) - Kangxi Emperor (1662–1722)
• Empire of Japan –
  • Monarch – Reigen (1663–1687)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Tei (1669–1709)
• Joseon (Korea) – Sukjong (1674–1720)
• Mughal Empire – Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
• Kingdom of Mysore – Chikka Devaraja (1673–1704)
• Sirmoor State – Budh Prakash, Raja of Sirmoor (1664–1684)
• Sintang – Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Sultan Nata, Sultan of Sintang (1672–1738)
• Taiwan (Kingdom of Tungning) - Zheng Jing (1662–1681)

Europe

• Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian V (1670–1699)
• Kingdom of England – Charles II (1660–1685)
• Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire – Leopold I (1658–1705)
• Electors
  • Electorate of Bavaria – Ferdinand Maria (1651–1679)
  • Kingdom of Bohemia - Leopold I (1657–1705)
  • Brandenburg - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, 1640–1688
  • Electorate of Cologne – Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650–1688)
  • Electorate of Mainz – Damian Hartard von der Leyen (1675–1678)
  • Electorate of Saxony - John George II, Elector of Saxony (1656–1680)
  • Electorate of Trier – Johann Hugo von Orsbeck (1676–1711)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan - Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
  • Grand Vizier - Kara Mustafa Pasha (1676–1683)
• Papal States – Pope Innocent XI, Pope (1676–1689)
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1674–1696)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Pedro II (1667–1706)
• Tsardom of Russia – Feodor III (1676–1682)
• Duchy of Savoy – Victor Amadeus II (1675–1730)
• Kingdom of Scotland – Charles II (1660–1685)
• Kingdom of Spain – Charles II (1665–1700)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Cosimo III de' Medici (1670–1723)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Prince William III of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1672–1702)
    • Holland – Grand Pensionary Gaspar Fagel of Holland (1672–1688)

Middle East and North Africa

• Morocco – Al-Harrani, Abu'l Abbas Ahmad I, and Ismail, Joint Sultan of Morocco (1672–1684)
• Safavid Empire –
  1. Suleiman I Shah of Iran (1666–1694)