Lloyds Banking Group

Not to be confused with Lloyd's of London, Lloyd's Register, or Lloyd's List.
Lloyds Banking Group plc
Public limited company
Traded as LSE: LLOY
NYSE: LYG
Industry Banking
Financial services
Founded 1995 (1995)
(Lloyds TSB Group)
Headquarters 25 Gresham Street, London, United Kingdom
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Lord Blackwell
(Chairman)
António Horta Osório
(Group Chief Executive)
Products Retail banking
Commercial banking
Private banking
General insurance
Life insurance
Pensions
Investment banking
Revenue £11.8321 billion (2015)[1]
£2.034 billion (2015)[1]
£0.956 billion (2015)[1]
Total assets £806.688 billion (2015)[1]
Total equity £41.234 billion (2015)[1]
Number of employees
 88,000 (2016)[2]
Subsidiaries Lloyds Bank plc
Bank of Scotland plc
Scottish Widows
Lloyds Development Capital
Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
Black Horse
Lex Autolease
Website www.lloydsbankinggroup.com

Lloyds Banking Group plc is a major British financial institution formed through the acquisition of HBOS by Lloyds TSB in 2009. The Group's history stems from the founding of the Bank of Scotland in 1695 by the Parliament of Scotland before the Act of Union, which is the second oldest bank in the United Kingdom. The Group's headquarters is located at 25 Gresham Street in the City of London and its registered office is on The Mound in Edinburgh. Lloyds Banking Group's activities are organised into: Retail Banking (including Mortgages and Sole Traders); Commercial; Life, Pensions & Insurance; and Wealth & International. Lloyds' has extensive overseas operations in the US, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

Following the takeover, the Group stopped using the name HBOS publicly. The Halifax brand, products and pricing were discontinued in Scotland until reestablished in 2013. The Halifax and Lloyds Bank brands are used in England and Wales and the Bank of Scotland brand is used in Scotland, each offering different products and pricing. Lloyds Banking Group's CEO António Horta-Osório told The Banker, "We will keep the different brands because the customers are very different in terms of attitude".[3]

Lloyds Banking Group is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately GB£57.7billion as of 4 March 2014—the 7th-largest of any LSE company.[4] It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange, where it has a market capitalisation value of US$34.45 billion.[5] At the end of November 2016, HM Treasury held a shareholding of just under 8% through UK Financial Investments.[6]

History

Origins

For more details on this topic, see Lloyds Bank and HBOS.

Lloyds Bank was one of the oldest banks in the UK, tracing its establishment to Taylors and Lloyds founded in 1765 in Birmingham by button maker John Taylor and iron producer and dealer Sampson Lloyd II.[7] Through a series of mergers, Lloyds became one of the Big Four banks in the UK.

Bank of Scotland, which originated in the 17th century, is the second-oldest surviving UK bank after the Bank of England. In 2001, a wave of consolidations in the UK banking market led the former Halifax Building Society—which originated in 1853—to agree to a £10.8 billion merger with Bank of Scotland.[8]

Trustee Savings Bank (TSB) can trace its roots back to the first savings bank founded by Henry Duncan in Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire in 1810. TSB itself was created in 1985 by an Act of Parliament that merged all the remaining savings banks in England & Wales as TSB Bank plc and in Scotland (except Airdrie Savings Bank) as TSB Scotland plc.[9]

Lloyds/TSB merger

Park Row Leeds branch of Lloyds Bank, with a sculpture of the black horse (called Cancara) in the foreground

In 1995, Lloyds Bank merged with TSB, forming Lloyds TSB Group plc.[10]

In 2000, the group acquired Scottish Widows, a mutual life-assurance company based in Edinburgh, in a deal worth £7 billion.[11] This made the group the second-largest UK provider of life assurance and pensions after Prudential. In September the same year, Lloyds TSB purchased Chartered Trust from Standard Chartered Bank for £627 million to form Lloyds TSB Asset Finance Division, which provides motor, retail and personal finance in the United Kingdom under the trading name Black Horse.[12]

Lloyds TSB continued to take part in the consolidation, making a takeover bid for Abbey National in 2001, which was later rejected by the Competition Commission.[13] In October 2003, Lloyds TSB Group agreed on the sale of its subsidiary NBNZ Holdings Limited—comprising the Group's New Zealand banking and insurance operations—to Australia and New Zealand Banking Group.[14] In July 2004, Lloyds TSB Group announced the sale of its business in Argentina to Banco Patagonia Sudameris S.A.[15] and its business in Colombia to Primer Banco del Istmo, S.A..[16]

On 20 December 2005, Lloyds TSB announced that it had reached an agreement to sell its credit card business Goldfish to Morgan Stanley Bank International Limited for £175 million.[17] In 2007, Lloyds TSB announced that it had sold its Abbey Life insurance division to Deutsche Bank for £977 million.[18]

Acquisition of HBOS

Head office of the Bank of Scotland at The Mound, Edinburgh.

On 17 September 2008, the BBC reported that HBOS was in takeover talks with Lloyds TSB, in response to a precipitous drop in HBOS's share price.[19] The talks concluded successfully that evening with a proposal to create a banking giant which would hold a third of UK mortgages.[20] An announcement was made on 18 September 2008.[21][22]

On 19 November 2008, the new acquisition and government preference share purchase was agreed by Lloyds TSB shareholders.[23] HBOS shareholders overwhelming approved the deal on 12 December.[24] Lloyds TSB Group changed its name to Lloyds Banking Group upon completion of the takeover on 19 January 2009.[25]

On 12 February 2009, Eric Daniels, the CEO of the Group, was questioned about the banking crisis during a session of the Treasury Select Committee of the House of Commons. One of the key issues concerned Lloyds' takeover of HBOS and the amount of due diligence carried out before the acquisition. Daniels said that a company would always like to do more due diligence on another company, but there are legal limits on how much is possible before an actual acquisition. Losses were slightly more than the £10 billion originally identified by the due diligence owing to write-offs of property loans because of falling property prices and the lack of demand for it. The then-Chairman of Lloyds, Sir Victor Blank, said in August 2009 that losses had been "at the worst end of expectations", and that the Lloyds board was surprised by the speed at which the losses—which were caused by the unexpectedly sharp contraction of the world economy in late 2008 and early 2009—happened.[26] This position was confirmed by Archie Kane, a senior Lloyds executive in Scotland, in evidence to the Scottish parliament's economy committee in December 2009.[27]

On 13 February 2009, Lloyds Banking Group said that the losses at HBOS were greater than had been anticipated, at around £10 billion. The share price of Lloyds Banking Group fell 32% on the London Stock Exchange, carrying other bank shares with it.[28]

October 2008 to January 2009

The Aylesbury branch of Lloyds Bank, formerly the Bucks and Oxon Union Bank.

On 13 October 2008, Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced a government plan for the Treasury to invest £37 billion US$$64 billion,€47 billion of new capital into major UK banks—including Royal Bank of Scotland Group, Lloyds TSB and HBOS—to avert a collapse of the financial sector.[29][30] Barclays avoided taking a capital investment from the UK Government by raising capital privately and HSBC moved capital to its UK business from its other businesses overseas.[31]

It was later confirmed that Lloyds TSB would have been required by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) to take additional capital from the government if it had not taken over HBOS.[32] After the recapitalisations and Lloyds' acquisition of HBOS, the UK Government held a 43.4% stake in Lloyds Banking Group.[33]

February to June 2009

In February 2009, after it became apparent that the recession would be deeper than originally anticipated, the FSA was instructed to "stress test" the banks against a severe economic downturn. The FSA stated that the assumptions underlying the stress test were not intended to be a forecast of what was likely to happen, but to simulate a near catastrophic economic scenario. These assumptions included:

The conclusion from this exercise was that Lloyds would need additional capital if such a scenario ever occurred. Because the wholesale funding markets were effectively closed at the time, in March 2009 Lloyds made a deal with the UK government consisting of two elements:

June 2009 to present

King Street Manchester branch of Lloyds Bank, designed by Charles Heathcote in 1915.[38][39]

Lloyds impairments peaked in the first half of 2009; by mid-2009 the Asset Protection Scheme increasingly looked like a poor deal for Lloyds. Following negotiations, the government confirmed on 3 November 2009 that Lloyds would not enter the scheme—although RBS still would. Instead, Lloyds launched a rights issue to raise capital from existing shareholders; as an existing 43.4% shareholder the government chose to take part in this and thus maintained its shareholding at 43.4%.[40][41] Following this, the National Audit Office calculated the government's average buying price for its entire stake in Lloyds to be about 74 pence.[42]

It was announced in the Government's Pre-Budget Report on 9 December 2009 that the forecast for the total loss to taxpayers for all the bank bailouts had been reduced from £50 billion to £10 billion—in part because of the restructuring of the Government's Asset Protection Scheme.[43] The final part of the December 2009 capital raise involved issuing new shares to debt holders in February 2010. This diluted existing shareholders—including the UK Government, whose shareholding was reduced from 43.4% to around 41%.[44] According to the Accord trade union general secretary Ged Nichols, Lloyds Banking Group had cut 30,000 jobs between February 2009 and August 2011; and in August 2011 it announced another 1,300 job losses.[45] The group sold its 70% stake in insurance company Esure to Esure Group Holdings on 11 February 2010. The share was valued at around £185 million.[46]

On 4 November 2012, it was reported that Lloyds was considering selling its 60% stake in St James's Place Wealth Management to raise around £1 billion.[47] In April 2013, Lloyds sold its loss-making Spanish retail operation—originally Banco Halifax Hispania—and the local investment management business in Spain to Banco de Sabadell. Lloyds will receive a 1.8% stake in Sabadell worth about €84 million and an additional sum of up to €20 million over the next five years.[48] In September 2013, it was reported that the UK government was planning to sell up to a quarter of its shares in Lloyds Banking Group.[49] The government sold 6% of its shares on 17 September 2013 at 75p, raising £3.2 billion and reducing its stake to 32.7%.[50] The UK government then sold a further 7.8% on 26 March 2014 at 75.5p raising a further £4.2bn and reducing its stake to 24.9%.[51] A trading plan of incremental sales during 2015 reduced the publicly owned stake to below 10% by the end of October.[6] A further sale in November 2016 reduced this holding to 7.99%.[52]

Divestment

The Edgbaston branch of Lloyds Bank at Five Ways, Birmingham, designed by P. B. Chatwin in 1908.[53]

The UK Government's purchase of a 43.4% stake in the group in 2009 was considered as state aid; under European Commission competition laws, the group would be required to sell a portion of its business.[54] The group's divestment plan—codenamed "Verde"—identified 632 branches which would be transferred to a new business. Customers with accounts held by the branches, and staff employed within them, would be transferred. The new business would be formed from some Lloyds TSB branches in England and Wales, all branches of Lloyds TSB Scotland plc and Cheltenham & Gloucester plc; these would operate under the TSB brand as TSB Bank plc.[55] The remainder of the Lloyds TSB business would be rebranded as Lloyds Bank.[56]

Lloyds Banking Group reached a Heads of Terms agreement in July 2012 to sell the Verde branches to The Co-operative Bank for £750 million.[57][58] The final transfer of TSB Bank plc to the new owner was due to be completed by late 2013. In February 2013, it was reported that Lloyds Banking Group were considering a stock market flotation of the TSB business as an alternative, should the transfer not be completed.[59] On 24 April 2013, The Co-operative Bank decided not to proceed with the acquisition because of the economic downturn and the tough regulatory environment imposed on banks. Lloyds Banking Group said that the rebranding to TSB Bank would still take place and that the new bank will be divested through an initial public offering in 2014.[60] TSB Bank began operations on 9 September 2013, under CEO Paul Pester.[61]

Lloyds Banking Group announced that 25% of TSB's shares would be floated on 24 June 2014;[62] however, with the offer being 10 times oversubscribed, 35% of TSB's shares were sold at 260p on 20 June.[63] Banco Sabadell agreed to purchase TSB in March 2015, and completed the acquisition on 8 July 2015. The purchase meant Lloyds sold its final holding in TSB.[64][65]

Divisions and subsidiaries

The Group is organised as follows:

Retail

Retail headed up by David Oldfield is the face of Lloyds Banking Group, on the high street, on the phone and online. With 30 million customers in total, they are the UK's largest retail bank. The division focuses on Lloyds Bank in England and Wales and Bank of Scotland in Scotland,[66][67] providing a full range of banking and financial services to some 15 million personal customers through over 1,500 branches across the UK.

Halifax also provides a full range of banking and financial services to some 15 million personal customers through c.700 branches across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.[68] Lloyd's is the largest employer in the metropolitan borough of Calderdale, West Yorkshire, where it has it's Halifax subsidiary headquarters, major offices and it's central data centre.

Other units include Birmingham Midshires, a mortgage and savings brand, and Intelligent Finance.

Commercial Banking

This division, headed by Andrew Bester, Group Executive Director, provides banking and related services for Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), mid-market companies, major UK and multinational corporate and financial institutions.

Insurance

The Insurance division, led by Toby Strauss, Group Director, is one of the UK's largest insurers and provides long-term savings, protection and investment products and general insurance products to customers in the UK and Europe. Scottish Widows is the Group's specialist provider of life assurance, pensions and investment products, distributed through the Lloyds Banking Group branch network, through independent financial advisers and directly via the telephone and Internet. Insurance and Investments also includes general insurance underwriting and broking (home, creditor, motor, travel, pet).

Consumer Finance

Consumer Finance, led by António Lorenzo, Group Director, is made up of three different businesses: Asset Finance, Cards and European Online Deposits.

Sponsorships

Lloyds Banking Group is an active supporter of disability rights and best practice; it is a Gold member of the Employers’ Forum on Disability. In 2010, the group helped create and currently sponsors the Royal Association for Disability Rights (RADAR) Radiate network, which aims to support and develop a talent pool of people with disabilities and health conditions, and to potentially act as a source of thinking for organisations on how 'disabled talent' is best spotted and developed.[73]

Awards and recognition

Carfax Oxford branch of Lloyds Bank on High Street, designed by Stephen Salter in 1901.[74]

In July 2007, Euromoney announced Lloyds TSB as the winners of its Awards for Excellence.[75]

In June 2008, Lloyds TSB Group came top in the Race for Opportunity’s (RfO) annual survey.[76]

In May 2009, Lloyds TSB Corporate Markets was recognised as ‘Bank of the Year’ for the fifth year running at Real FD/ CBI FDs' Excellence Awards.[77]

In October 2009's "What Investment" magazine awards, Halifax won Best Savings Account Provider and Halifax Share Dealing was also named Best Share Dealing Service.[78]

In October 2009's "Consumer Money Awards", Halifax won Best First Time Mortgage Provider. Lloyds' brands were commended in several other categories, including Cheltenham & Gloucester for Best Remortgage Provider and Best High Street Mortgage Provider; Lloyds TSB for Best Current Account Provider, Best Student Account Provider and Best Customer Service Provider; and Halifax for Best ISA Provider and Best High Street Savings Provider.[79]

In November 2009's "Personal Finance Awards", Halifax was awarded Best Premium Current Account for the Ultimate Reward Current Account and Best Savings Account Provider. In the Best Mortgage Provider category, Halifax was highly commended. Halifax Sharedealing was named Best Online Stockbroker for the third year in a row, and was highly commended in the Excellence in Customer Service category. Halifax Investments was named Best Investment Product Provider. Lloyds TSB won Best Student Finance/Banking Provider and was also highly commended in the Best Current Account Provider awards. Scottish Widows was highly commended in the Best Pension Provider category.[80]

In November 2009's "Your Mortgage Awards", Halifax won the award for Best Overall Mortgage Lender for the eighth year running, as well as the award for Best Large Loans Mortgage Lender. Birmingham Midshires was named Best Specialist and Buy-to-Let Mortgage Lender, and Lloyds TSB won the award for Best Overseas Mortgage Lender.[81]

Controversies

The Halifax branch of Lloyds Bank on George Square, built 1897.[82]

Money laundering

A 2010 report by the Wall Street Journal described how Credit Suisse, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group, and other banks were involved in helping the Alavi Foundation, Bank Melli, the Government of Iran, and others circumvent US laws banning financial transactions with certain states. They did this by stripping information out of wire transfers, thereby concealing the source of funds. Lloyds Banking Group settled with the US government for US$350 million. The US government's Manhattan District Attorney's Office was involved, although the case was merged with one at the federal US Department of Justice. [83]

Tax avoidance

In 2009, a case was brought against Lloyds by HM Revenue and Customs on grounds of tax avoidance. Lloyds was accused of pouring hundreds of millions of pounds into transatlantic tax avoidance schemes in the form of loans to American financial institutions.[84]

Complaints via the Financial Ombudsman Service

Lloyds TSB received 9,952 complaints via the Financial Ombudsman Service in the last half of 2009. This, when added to the other brands of the Lloyds Banking Group, was twice the number of complaints received by Barclays—the next-most-complained-about UK bank. The Financial Ombudsman Service upheld fewer complaints against Lloyds TSB than it did against Barclays.[85]

Sharia account

Lloyds TSB became the first mainstream UK bank to launch a sharia-compliant business account. The Islamic Business and Corporate account was to be run in line with sharia principles,[86] which has resulted in some controversy.[87]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Annual Report 2015" (PDF). Lloyds Banking Group. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  2. ↑ "Fast facts". Lloyds Banking Group PLC. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  3. ↑ António Horta-Osório moves out of his comfort zone The Banker April 2011
  4. ↑ "FTSE All-Share Index Ranking". stockchallenge.co.uk. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  5. ↑ Lloyds Banking Group PLC ADS Marketwatch
  6. 1 2 "Taxpayers' Lloyds shareholding now less than 8%". HM Treasury. 22 November 2016.
  7. ↑ "Lloyds BankHistory". Lloyds TSB. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  8. ↑ "BoS and Halifax agree merger". BBC News. 2001-05-04. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
  9. ↑ "TSB Bank History". Lloyds TSB. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  10. ↑ "Lloyds Bank to merge with TSB". New York Times. 12 October 1995. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  11. ↑ "Lloyds TSB buys Scottish Widows". BBC News. 23 June 1999. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  12. ↑ "Standard Chartered wins $1.3bn Chase deal". The Independent. 2 September 2000. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Report damns Lloyds TSB's bid for Abbey National". London: The Telegraph. 14 March 2001. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  14. ↑ "Lloyds TSB confirms possible sale of National Bank". NZ Herald. 17 June 2003. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  15. ↑ "Banco Hiptecario Prospectus Page 118" (PDF). Banco Hiptecario. 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  16. ↑ "Banistmo-Lloyds deal receives regulator approval". BN Americas. 26 November 2004. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
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  20. ↑ "Lloyds TSB Seals Merger with HBOS". BBC News. 17 September 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
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  30. ↑ Jones, Sarah (13 October 2008). "Stocks Rebound After Government Bank Bailout; Lloyds Gains". Bloomberg. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
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  35. ↑ "Placing and Open Offer Completed" (PDF). Retrieved 18 April 2011.
  36. ↑ Tim Sharp (12 October 2009). "heraldscotland.com, Taxpayer loss from RBS and Lloyds bail-outs". Heraldscotland.com. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
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  45. ↑ "Lloyds Bank Axing 1,300 More Jobs". 9 August 2011.
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  47. ↑ "Lloyds mulling St James's Place stake sale: report". Reuters.
  48. ↑ "Lloyds to sell Spanish retail division to Sabadell". BBC News. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  49. ↑ Scuffham, Matt (10 September 2013). "Lloyds shares hit three-year high as state considers stake sale". Reuters. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
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  51. ↑ "Lloyds stake sale raises £4.2bn". BBC News. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  52. ↑ "Government sells more shares in Lloyds Banking Group". BBC News. 22 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  53. ↑ Five Ways, Birmingham, in 1935 Birmingham City Council. Retrieved 27 November 2009
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  56. ↑ Mark Banham (13 September 2010). "Lloyds TSB to rebrand as Lloyds Bank". Marketing. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  57. ↑ Graham Hiscott (19 July 2012). "'Proud to make banking boring again': Co-op buys 632 branches from Lloyds and aims to restore faith in the industry". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  58. ↑ Robert Peston (19 July 2012). "Lloyds bigs up the Co-op". BBC News. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  59. ↑ Jill Treanor (8 February 2013). "Co-op plan to take over Lloyds branches 'facing difficulty'". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  60. ↑ "Lloyds' branch sale to Co-op falls through". BBC News. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  61. ↑ "TSB name reappears across UK High Streets". BBC News. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  62. ↑ "TSB IPO price range announced". IG Markets. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  63. ↑ "TSB shares jump on trading debut and lift prospects for future Lloyds sell-off". The Guardian. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  64. ↑ "TSB sold to Spanish bank in £1.7bn deal". Telegraph.co.uk. 20 March 2015.
  65. ↑ "TSB agrees £1.7bn takeover by Spain's Sabadell". BBC News.
  66. ↑ "'Lloyds' returns to the High Street after 18 years". Telegraph.co.uk. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  67. ↑ "Boss banks on making the industry more trustworthy". Herald Scotland. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  68. ↑ Jill Treanor. "Halifax to be revitalised as new boss of Lloyds Banking Group boss takes action". the Guardian. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  69. ↑ "BBC News - Lloyds' branch sale to Co-op falls through". BBC News. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  70. ↑ "TSB name reappears across UK High Streets". BBC News. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  71. ↑ "TSB IPO price range announced". IG. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
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  73. ↑ "RADAR Radiate Network".
  74. ↑ Tyack, Geoffrey Oxford: An Architectural Guide (pp.262–3) Oxford University Press, 1998
  75. ↑ "SLloyds TSB – Best Bank Award". Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  76. ↑ "Lloyds TSB tops workforce diversity chart". Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  77. ↑ "Real FD Awards". Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  78. ↑ "What Investment UK - Investment opportunities and savings advice for private investors". whatinvestment.co.uk. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  79. ↑ Consumer Money Awards 2009 Results moneyfacts.co.uk
  80. ↑ Personal Finance 2009 Awards Winners whatmortgage.co.uk
  81. ↑ Your Mortgage Awards 2009 yourmortgage.co.uk
  82. ↑ COMMERCIAL STREET 1. 1164 (West Side) SE 02 NE SP/147 Lloyds Bank II 2, see Images of England No. 447622 National Monuments Record, English Heritage (retrieved 23 November 2009).
  83. ↑ Mollenkamp, Carrick (3 September 2010). "Probe Circles Globe to Find Dirty Money". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  84. ↑ Tax gap reporting team (11 February 2009). "Lloyds faces accusations of tax avoidance". Guardian. UK. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
  85. ↑ Insley, Jill (25 February 2010). "Lloyds group tops ombudsman complaints". London: Guardian online. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
  86. ↑ "Lloyds TSB launches Sharia Business Account". The Guardian. UK. 3 April 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  87. ↑ Martin, Arthur (22 August 2009). "An overdraft? That'll be £200 at Lloyds TSB (but only £15 if you're a Muslim)". The Daily Mail. UK. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
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