M114 armored fighting vehicle

For other uses, see M114 (disambiguation).
M114

M114 in markings of the U.S. 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment on display at the Fort George G. Meade Museum
Place of origin United States
Service history
In service 1962–73
Used by United States
Wars Vietnam War
Production history
Manufacturer General Motors, Cadillac Div.
Specifications
Weight 15,000 lb (6,800 kg)
Length 4.46 m
Width 2.33 m
Height 2.39 m
Crew 3
Armor 44.5 mm
Main
armament
 .50-caliber M2 machine gun
Secondary
armament
 7.62 mm M60 machine gun
Engine v8 gasoline
160 hp (120 kW)
Power/weight 23 hp/t
Suspension torsion-bar
Operational
range
 443 km
Speed 58 km/h

The M114 Command and Reconnaissance Carrier is a Vietnam War-era tracked armored fighting vehicle, used by the United States Army. It was manufactured by the Cadillac Division of General Motors in the early 1960s.

The M114 was designed to be fast and stealthy. Like the larger M113, it was amphibious and could be deployed by parachute. However unlike the M113 which became one of the most successful armoured vehicles, it quickly proved unsuited to use in the Vietnam war, and was replaced in the reconnaissance role by the M551 Sheridan light tank. By 1973, it had been branded a failure and retired by the US Army, but some released as surplus continue to be used by police departments.

Description

The M114 was a lightweight, low-silhouette vehicle, designed to complement the M113 in command and reconnaissance roles. It looked like a sleeker, lower M113. It was constructed of aluminum and weighed 13,100 lb (5.94 metric tons) empty, with a combat weight of 15,093 lb (6.846 metric tons). It was powered by a Chevrolet V-8 engine with a 283 cubic inch (4.6 liters) displacement. The engine was rated at 160 horsepower. It had a three-man crew, and a top speed of 36 mph (58 km/h). It could swim, propelled by its tracks, and was light enough to be transported by cargo aircraft and dropped by parachute.

The original M114 required the commander's cupola hatch be opened to fire the .50 caliber machine gun, which rotated along with the hatch to allow aim in any direction. The updated M114A1 allowed the firing of the machine gun from the inside, utilizing manual traverse and elevating mechanisms. The M114A2 (aka M114A1E1) had a hydraulically powered cupola and mounted the M139 20mm cannon with greatly improved firepower. The observer in the rear had an M60 7.62mm machine gun mounted on a pedestal. There was stowage on the rear door for three M72A1 "LAW" anti-tank rockets.

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War became a testing ground for war equipment. Sometimes improvements were made in the United States and sent to Vietnam for testing, but often the projects originated in Vietnam.[1] For example, the ACAV set (Armored Cavalry Assault Vehicle kit for the M-113 and M551 Sheridan tank), which successfully met that war's specific needs; and the M114 armored reconnaissance vehicle, which proved inadequate and had to be withdrawn from Vietnam.[2]

The M113 armored personnel carrier introduced in Vietnam in 1962 proved to be highly successful; consequently a similar smaller vehicle, the M114, was introduced in Vietnam the same year. The M113 equipped ARVN mechanized rifle squadrons, while the M114 equipped reconnaissance squadrons; an ARVN reconnaissance squadron consisted of a headquarters troop and three letter (line) troops, each organized with six M114s. Eighty M114s were used to equip four reconnaissance squadrons.[3]

During combat operations in Vietnam, the M114 armored reconnaissance vehicle proved to be mechanically unreliable, underpowered, had extreme difficulty conducting cross country operations,[4] and its lack of resistance to land mines was fatal; a mine that would nearly destroy a standard M113 ACAV would literally blast an M114 reconnaissance vehicle in half.[5] By November 1964, the M114s had been removed from Vietnam and replaced by the dependable M113 ACAV. Unfortunately for the US Army, the combat experience of the M114 in Vietnam was ignored by the high command, and the M114 was issued to all reconnaissance units in Europe, Korea, the United States, etc.; anywhere but in Vietnam.[6] In 1973, Gen. Creighton Abrams branded the M114 a failure and ordered it retired from the US Army.[7] Use of the M-114 continued for several years after 1973 until it was replaced in all units.

Variants

M114A2 with 20mm M139 Gun
M114 with tank cupola (experimental)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Starry
  2. ↑ Dunstan
  3. ↑ Dunstan
  4. ↑ Starry
  5. ↑ Dunstan p. 43
  6. ↑ Starry
  7. ↑ Starry p. 38
Wikimedia Commons has media related to M114 Command and Reconnaissance Carrier.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/27/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.