Middle East Media Research Institute

Middle East Media Research Institute
Founded 1998
Founder Yigal Carmon
Type 501(c)(3) non-profit, think tank
Focus Arabic, Farsi, Urdu, Pashtu, Turkish, and Russian media.
Location
Product Media research, translation, original analysis.
Method Media monitoring
Key people
 Yigal Carmon (President)
Slogan Bridging the language gap between the Middle East and the West
Website www.memri.org

The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) is a not for profit press monitoring and analysis organization with headquarters in Washington, DC. MEMRI publishes and distributes free English language translations of Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Pashto, and Turkish media reports.[1]

MEMRI states that its goal is to "bridge the language gap between the Middle East and the West",[2] through a translation service considered to have "great value".[3]

Critics charge that despite portraying itself as neutral,[3] it aims to portray the Arab and Muslim world in a negative light through the production and dissemination of incomplete translations and by selectively translating views of extremists while deemphasizing or ignoring mainstream opinions.[4]

History

The institute was co-founded in 1998 by Yigal Carmon, a former Israeli military intelligence officer and Meyrav Wurmser, an Israeli-born American political scientist.

Staff

Based in Washington, D.C. with branch offices in Jerusalem, Berlin, London, Rome, Shanghai, Baghdad, and Tokyo, MEMRI was founded in 1998 by Yigal Carmon and Meyrav Wurmser. Wurmser, who later left MEMRI in 2001, is an Israeli-born American scholar of the Arab world. She is also a Senior Fellow at the US think tank, the Hudson Institute,[5] who participated in a study that led to the report, A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm, a paper prepared for Likud party leader and then-incoming Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

MEMRI's founding staff of seven included three who had formerly served in military intelligence in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF).[6][7] MEMRI president and founder Yigal Carmon states that MEMRI's current staff includes "people of the Jewish, Christian and Muslim faiths [who] hold a range of political views".[8]

Board of Directors[18]

Objectives and projects

MEMRI's original mission statement read: "In its research, the institute puts emphasis on the continuing relevance of Zionism to the Jewish people and to the state of Israel."[19] In September 2001, MEMRI replaced it with the current mission statement, which states that the organization "explores the Middle East through the region's media. MEMRI bridges the language gap which exists between the West and the Middle East, providing timely translations of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Urdu-Pashto media, as well as original analysis of political, ideological, intellectual, social, cultural, and religious trends in the Middle East."[2][20] MEMRI's goals and emphasis have evolved over the years; it originally translated articles in both Arabic and Hebrew.[21]

Concerning this change in their 'mission statement,' Political Research Associates (PRA), which studies the US political right, notes that it occurred three weeks after the September 11 attacks, and considers MEMRI "was previously more forthcoming about its political orientation in its self-description and in staff profiles on its website". PRA considers that "MEMRI's slogan, 'Bridging the Language Gap Between the Middle East and the West,' does not convey the institute's stridently pro-Israel and anti-Arab political bias." It further notes, that MEMRI's founders, Wurmser and Carmon, "are both hardline pro-Israel ideologues aligned with Israel's Likud party".[21] Carmon, in a public letter to Juan Cole that included a threat with a lawsuit over his comments on memri, stated that he has never been affiliated with Likud. Cole answered that he hadn't alleged that, but that memri would campaign for Likud goals such as the rejection of the Oslo peace process.[22]

The organization indirectly gained public prominence as a source of news and analysis about the Muslim world, following the September 11 attacks and the subsequent war on terrorism by the Bush administration. According to MEMRI, its translations and reports are distributed to "congresspersons, congressional staff, policy makers, journalists, academics, and interested parties". According to PRA, MEMRI's translated articles and its commentary are routinely cited in national media outlets in the United States, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times, while analyses by MEMRI staff and officers are frequently published by right-wing and neoconservative media outlets such as National Review, Fox News, Commentary, and the Weekly Standard. PRA writes that both critics and supporters of MEMRI note its increasing influence in shaping perceptions of the Middle East.[21] It has maintained longstanding relations with law enforcement agencies.[23]

In 2012, Haaretz reported that Israeli intelligence agencies have reduced their monitoring the Palestinian media with MEMRI and Palestinian Media Watch now providing the Israeli government with coverage of "anti-Israel incitement" in social media, blogs and other online sources. The Prime Minister's Bureau has stated that before the government cites information provided by the two sources, the source of the material and its credibility is confirmed.[24]

Projects

The Jihad & Terrorism Threat Monitor Project[25]

The MEMRI Jihad and Terrorism Threat Monitor (JTTM) monitors imminent and potential threats posed by terrorist and violent extremist organizations and individuals. It also analyzes the ideological motivations behind these threats and contains 15 years of archives with exclusive content on jihad and terrorism.

The Reform Project[26]

The Reform Project identifies advocates of reform in the Arab and Muslim world, with the goals of providing a platform to help them address citizens and leaders in their respective societies, and to aid Western policymakers in fashioning a strategic approach to supporting their efforts.

The MEMRI Lantos Archives on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial[27]

In 2009, MEMRI and The Lantos Foundation dedicated the Tom Lantos Archives on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial as the repository of the MEMRI Anti-Semitism Documentation Project. The archives document anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial in newspaper reports, editorials, and broadcast and online content from across the Arab and Muslim world. Two decades of monitoring have made this the world's largest archive of translated anti-Semitic material from the region. The Archives holds an annual bipartisan event on Capitol Hill, in the Speaker's Dining Room, to present its yearly report. Speakers at the event have included Nobel Prize laureate Elie Wiesel, former Speaker and current Minority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, Sen. John McCain, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Paul Ryan, Rep. Brad Sherman, Sen. Bill Nelson, Imam of Drancy, Paris Sheikh Hassen Chalghoumi and others.

The MEMRI TV Monitoring Project[28]

MEMRI TV translates and analyzes Middle East television programming, radio, newspapers, textbooks and websites. This project includes hundreds of hours of translated video and audio footage, has released nearly 5,500 translated clips, and has had over 150 million views online (see MEMRI TV YouTube channel). It is the world's largest archives of translated clips from the Middle East.

The South Asia Studies Project[29]

The South Asia Studies Project publishes analytical reports and research tracking trends in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. The project focuses on cultural and religious freedom, terrorism and emerging threats to international security.

Cyber and Jihad Lab[30]

The Cyber and Jihad Lab (CJL) researches, monitors and translates jihadist and terrorist groups found on social media, websites and ISPs, and tracks jihadist hacking groups. The CJL works in the U.S. and globally to inform legislators, media, academia, the business community and others about the threat of cyber terrorism. The CJL provides information to help policy makers and government leaders advance initiatives to combat cyber terrorism, works with technology and business leaders to create solutions to combat cyber jihad, and works globally to increase awareness of the problem so appropriate solutions can be crafted.

The Iran Studies Project[31]

The Iran Studies Project monitors, translates and analyzes Iranian print and electronic media on a daily basis, producing hundreds of hours of translations and analysis from Iran's media outlets and websites. It also monitors Iranian reformers and advocates for democracy, women's rights, etc.

The 9/11 Documentation Project[32]

The 9/11 Documentation Project focuses on the ideological roots of the September 11 attacks on the United States with primary source material from Arab and Islamic media. The Project now has the world's most extensive archives on this subject, including efforts to deny responsibility for 9/11 or to attribute it to others.

Languages

MEMRI monitors primary sources in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Urdu/Pashto media and other material from the Middle East, Asia, North Africa, and Arab and Muslim communities in the West. These include newspaper articles, sermons, speeches and interviews, websites, TV broadcasts, and schoolbooks.

MEMRI provides translations and analyses into: English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese.

Financial support

MEMRI is registered in the US with the IRS as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.[2] They have a policy of not accepting money from governments, relying instead on around 250 private donors, including other organizations and foundations.[33]

MediaTransparency, an organization[34] that monitors the financial ties of conservative think tanks to conservative foundations in the United States, reported that for the years 1999 to 2004, MEMRI received $100,000 from The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Inc., $100,000 from The Randolph Foundation, and $5,000 from the John M. Olin Foundation.[35]

MEMRI's U.S. income statement of June 2004 stated that its total U.S. revenue was US$2,571,899, its total US functional expenses were $2,254,990, and that it possessed net assets of $700,784. Charity Navigator, an organization[36] that evaluates the financial health of America's largest charities, has given MEMRI a four-star (exceptional) rating, meaning that it "...exceeds industry standards and outperforms most charities in its Cause" when rated on its financial health.[37][38]

In August 2011, the United States Department of State's Office of International Religious Freedom in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, awarded MEMRI a $200,000 grant.[39]

Reception

The organization's translations are regularly quoted by major international newspapers, and its work has generated strong criticism and praise. Critics have accused MEMRI of producing inaccurate, unreliable translations with undue emphasis and selectivity in translating and disseminating the most extreme views from Arabic and Persian media, which portray the Arab and Muslim world in a negative light, while ignoring moderate views that are often found in the same media outlets. Other critics charge that while MEMRI does sometimes translate pro-US or pro-democracy voices in the regional media, it systematically leaves out intelligent criticism of Western-style democracy, US and Israeli policy and secularism.[6][40][41][42]

MEMRI's work has been criticized on three grounds: that their work is biased; that they choose articles to translate selectively so as to give an unrepresentative view of the media they are reporting on; and that some of their translations are inaccurate.[8] MEMRI has responded to the criticism, stating that their work is not biased; that they in fact choose representative articles from the Arab media that accurately reflect the opinions expressed, and that their translations are highly accurate.[8]

Accusations of bias

Brian Whitaker, the Middle East editor for The Guardian newspaper at the time, wrote in a public email debate with Carmon in 2003, that his problem with MEMRI was that it "poses as a research institute when it's basically a propaganda operation".[8] Earlier, Whitaker had charged that MEMRI's role was to "further the political agenda of Israel." and that MEMRI's website does not mention Carmon's employment for Israeli intelligence, or Meyrav Wurmser's political stance, which he described as an "extreme brand of Zionism".[6] Carmon responded to this by stating that his employment history is not a secret and was not political, as he served under opposing administrations of the Israeli government and that perhaps the issue was that he was Israeli: "If your complaint is that I am Israeli, then please say so." Carmon also questioned Whitaker's own biases, wondering if Whitaker's is biased in favor of Arabs—as his website on the Middle East is named "Al-Bab" ("The Gateway" in Arabic)—stating: "I wonder how you would judge an editor whose website was called "Ha-Sha-ar" ("The Gateway" in Hebrew)?[8]

Norman Finkelstein has described MEMRI as "a main arm of Israeli propaganda". In 2006, Finkelstein accused MEMRI of editing a television interview he gave in Lebanon in order to falsely impute that he was a Holocaust denier. In an interview with the newspaper In Focus in 2007, he said MEMRI uses "the same sort of propaganda techniques as the Nazis" and "take[s] things out of context in order to do personal and political harm to people they don't like".[43]

Selectivity

Several critics have accused MEMRI of selectivity. They state that MEMRI consistently picks for translation and dissemination the most extreme views, which portray the Arab and Muslim world in a negative light, while ignoring moderate views that are often found in the same media outlets.[6][40][41][42] Juan Cole, a professor of Modern Middle East History at the University of Michigan, argues MEMRI has a tendency to "cleverly cherry-pick the vast Arabic press, which serves 300 million people, for the most extreme and objectionable articles and editorials... On more than one occasion I have seen, say, a bigoted Arabic article translated by MEMRI and when I went to the source on the web, found that it was on the same op-ed page with other, moderate articles arguing for tolerance. These latter were not translated."[44] Former head of the CIA's counterintelligence unit, Vincent Cannistraro, said that MEMRI "are selective and act as propagandists for their political point of view, which is the extreme-right of Likud. They simply don't present the whole picture."[45][46] Laila Lalami, writing in The Nation, states that MEMRI "consistently picks the most violent, hateful rubbish it can find, translates it and distributes it in email newsletters to media and members of Congress in Washington".[40] As a result, critics such as UK Labour politician Ken Livingstone state, MEMRI's analyses are "distortion".[47][48]

A report by Center for American Progress, titled "Fear, Inc. The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America" lists MEMRI as promoting Islamophobic propaganda in the USA through supplying selective translations that are relied upon by several organisations "to make the case that Islam is inherently violent and promotes extremism".[49]

MEMRI argues that they are quoting the government-controlled press and not obscure or extremist publications, a fact their critics acknowledge, according to Marc Perelman: "When we quote Al-Ahram in Egypt, it is as if we were quoting The New York Times. We know there are people questioning our work, probably those who have difficulties seeing the truth. But no one can show anything wrong about our translations."[45]

In August 2013, the Islamic Da'wah Centre of South Australia questioned the "reliability, independence and veracity" of the Middle East Media Research Institute after it posted what the centre called a "sensational de-contextualised cut-and-paste video clip... put together in a suggestive manner" of a sermon by the Sheikh Sharif Hussein on an American website. According to the two-minute video, which was a heavily condensed version of the Sheikh's 36-minute speech delivered in Adelaide on 22 March, Hussein called Australian and American soldiers "crusader pigs" and stated "O Allah, count the Buddhists and the Hindus one by one. O Allah, count them and kill them to the very last one." According to MEMRI's translation, he also described US President Barack Obama as an "enemy of Allah, you who kiss the shoes and feet of the Jews" and predicted that "The day will come when you are trampled upon by the pure feet of the Muslims."[50] MEMRI's rendition moved leading Liberal senator Cory Bernardi to write to the Police Commissioner charging that under Australia's anti-terrorism laws, the video clip was "hate speech", and requesting that action be taken against Hussein. The South Australian Islamic Society and the Australian Buddhist Councils Federation also condemned Hussein's speech. Widespread calls from the public for the deportation of Hussein and his family followed news reports of the video. A police spokeswoman stated "Police will examine the entire content of the sermon to gain the full context and determine whether any crime has been committed." Hussein himself declined any comment on the contents of the video. However, the Da'wah Centre charged that by omitting the context of Hussein's statements, MEMRI had distorted the actual intent of the speech. While admitting that the Sheikh was emotional and used strong words, the Centre stated that the speech was delivered in relation to rape cases in Iraq, the birth defects due to use of depleted uranium and the Burmese Buddhist massacre. This, the Centre claimed, was omitted from the edited MEMRI video.[51][52][53][54][55]

Alleged translation inaccuracy

The accuracy of MEMRI's translations are considered "usually accurate" though occasionally disputed and highly selective in what it chooses to translate and in which context it puts things,[56] as in the case of MEMRI's translation of a 2004 Osama bin Laden video, which MEMRI defended.[8][48][57][58][59]

Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, Al Jazeera invited Hani al-Sebai, an Islamist living in Britain, to take part in a discussion on the event. Al-Sibai is listed as a Specially Designated National by the US Treasury Department because of alleged support for al-Qaida.[60] For one segment of the discussion in regard to the victims, MEMRI provided the following translation of al-Sebai's words:

the term civilians does not exist in Islamic religious law. Dr Karmi is sitting here, and I am sitting here, and I’m familiar with religious law. There is no such term as civilians in the modern Western sense. People are either at war or not.[61]

Al-Sebai subsequently claimed that MEMRI had mistranslated his interview, and that among other errors, he had actually said:

there is no term in Islamic jurisprudence called civilians. Dr Karmi is here sitting with us, and he's very familiar with the jurisprudence. There are fighters and non-fighters. Islam is against the killing of innocents. The innocent man cannot be killed according to Islam.

By leaving out the condemnation of the "killing of innocents" entirely, Mohammed El Oifi writing in Le Monde diplomatique argued that this translation left the implication that civilians (the innocent) are considered a legitimate target.[47] Several British newspapers subsequently used MEMRI's translation to run headlines such as "Islamic radical has praised the suicide bomb attacks on the capital"[62] prompting al-Sebai to demand an apology and take legal action. In his view, MEMRI's translation was also "an incitement to have me arrested by the British authorities".[63]

Halim Barakat described MEMRI as "a propaganda organization dedicated to representing Arabs and Muslims as anti-semites". Barakat claims an essay he wrote for the Al-Hayat Daily of London titled The Wild Beast that Zionism Created: Self-Destruction, was mistranslated by MEMRI and retitled as Jews Have Lost Their Humanity. Barakat further stated "Every time I wrote Zionism, MEMRI replaced the word by Jew or Judaism. They want to give the impression that I'm not criticizing Israeli policy, but that what I'm saying is anti-Semitic."[43][46][47] According to Barakat, he was subject to widespread condemnation from faculty and his office was "flooded with hatemail".[64][65] Fellow Georgetown faculty member Aviel Roshwald accused Barakat in an article he published of promoting a "demonization of Israel and of Jews".[66] Supported by Georgetown colleagues, Barakat denied the claim,[67] which Roshwald had based on MEMRI's translation of Barakat's essay.[66]

In 2007, CNN correspondent Atika Shubert and Arabic translators accused MEMRI of mistranslating portions of a Palestinian children's television programme.

Media watchdog MEMRI translates one caller as saying – quote – 'We will annihilate the Jews'," said Shubert. "But, according to several Arabic speakers used by CNN, the caller actually says 'The Jews are killing us.'[68][69]

CNN's Glenn Beck later invited Yigal Carmon onto his program to comment on the alleged mistranslation. Carmon criticized CNN's translators understanding of Arabic stating: "Even someone who doesn't know Arabic would listen to the tape and would hear the word 'Jews' is at the end, and also it means it is something to be done to the Jews, not by the Jews. And she insisted, no the word is in the beginning. I said: 'Octavia, you just don't get it. It is at the end.'" He was referring to Arabic native speaker Octavia Nasr, a Greek-orthodox Christian from Lebanon, who was later fired by CNN for a tweet praising late Ayatollah Hussein Fadlallah.[70] Brian Whitaker, a Middle East editor for the British Guardian newspaper later pointed out that the word order in Arabic is not the same as in English: "the verb comes first and so a sentence in Arabic which literally says 'Are shooting at us the Jews' means 'The Jews are shooting at us.'"[56]

Naomi Sakr, a professor of Media Policy at the University of Westminster has charged that specific MEMRI mistranslations, occurring during times of international tension, have generated hostility towards Arab journalists.[71]

Brian Whitaker wrote in a blog for The Guardian newspaper that in the translation of the video, showing Farfour eliciting political comments from a young girl named Sanabel, the MEMRI transcript misrepresents the segment. Farfour asks Sanabel what she will do and, after a pause says "I'll shoot", MEMRI attributed the phrase said by Farfour, ("I'll shoot"), as the girl's reply while ignoring her actual reply ("I'm going to draw a picture").[72] Whitaker and others commented that a statement uttered by the same child, ("We're going to [or want to] resist"), had been given an unduly aggressive interpretation by MEMRI as ("We want to fight"). Also, where MEMRI translated the girl as saying the highly controversial remark ("We will annihilate the Jews"), Whitaker and others, including Arabic speakers used by CNN, insist that based on careful listening to the low quality video clip, the girl is saying "Bitokhoona al-yahood", variously interpreted as, "The Jews [will] shoot us"[72] or "The Jews are killing us."[73]

MEMRI stands by their translation of the show, saying: "Yes, we stand by the translation by the very words, by the context, by the syntax, and every measure of the translation."[73]

In response to accusations of inaccuracies and distortion, Yigal Carmon, said:

As an institute of research, we want MEMRI to present translations to people who wish to be informed on the ideas circulating in the Middle East. We aim to reflect reality. If knowledge of this reality should benefit one side or another, then so be it.

In an email debate with Carmon, Whitaker asked about MEMRI's November 2000 translation of an interview given by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem to Al-Ahram al-Arabi. One question asked by the interviewer was: "How do you deal with the Jews who are besieging al-Aqsa and are scattered around it?" which was translated as: "How do you feel about the Jews?" MEMRI cut out the first part of the reply and combined it with the answer to the next question, which, Whitaker claimed, made "Arabs look more anti-semitic than they are". Carmon admitted this was an error in translation but defended combining the two replies as both questions referred to the same subject. Carmon rejected other claims of distortion by Whitaker, saying: "it is perhaps reassuring that you had to go back so far to find a mistake... You accused us of distortion by omission but when asked to provide examples of trends and views we have missed, you have failed to answer." Carmon also accused Whitaker of "using insults rather than evidence" in his criticism of MEMRI.[8]

Whitaker claims that although Memri's translations are usually accurate, they are selective and often out of context. He stated: "When errors do occur, it's difficult to attribute them to incompetence or accidental lapses... there appears to be a political motive."[56]

Response by MEMRI

MEMRI responds to criticism by saying that the media had a tendency to whitewash statements of Arab leaders,[9] and regularly defends its translations as being representative of actual ME viewpoints, even when the translations themselves are disputed: "MEMRI has never claimed to 'represent the view of the Arabic media', but rather to reflect, through our translations, general trends which are widespread and topical."[8]

Praise for MEMRI

John Lloyd has defended MEMRI in the New Statesman:

One beneficial side effect of the focus on the Middle East is that we now have available much more information on the discourse of the Arab world. The most powerful medium for this is (naturally) a Washington-based think-tank, the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), started in 1998 by the former Israeli intelligence officer and Arabist Yigal Carmon. MEMRI aimed to bring the previously largely enclosed and unknown Arab talk about the west to western eyes and ears: it is a sobering experience to read on the internet MEMRI's vast store of translations from many media, and to note how much of what is written is conspiratorial, vicious and unyieldingly hateful. MEMRI and Carmon have been accused of selecting the worst of a diverse media: however, the sheer range of what is available weakens that criticism, as does support for the initiative by Arab liberals. The Iraqi exile Kanan Makiya, for example, wrote in the spring 2002 issue of Dissent that Arab intellectuals have allowed a mixture of victimhood and revenge to take hold of popular culture, with few if any dissenting voices.[74]

Thomas L. Friedman, a political opinion columnist for The New York Times, has praised MEMRI, and has credited MEMRI with helping to "shine a spotlight on hate speech wherever it appears".[75] Friedman has written in The New York Times that "what I respect about Memri is that it translates not only the ugly stuff but the courageous liberal, reformist Arab commentators as well." In addition, he has cited MEMRI's translations in his op-eds.[76]

Brit Hume of Fox News said, "These people tell you what's going on in pulpits and in the state-controlled TV. If you have indoctrination, it's important to know about it."[77]

One of MEMRI's strongest supporters is Jay Nordlinger, the managing editor of National Review, who wrote in 2002:

Wading or clicking through MEMRI's materials can be a depressing act, but it is also illusion-dispelling, and therefore constructive. This one institute is worth a hundred reality-twisting Middle Eastern Studies departments in the U.S. Furthermore, listening to Arabs—reading what they say in their newspapers, hearing what they say on television—is a way of taking them seriously: a way of not condescending to them, of admitting that they have useful things to tell us, one way or the other. Years ago, Solzhenitsyn exhorted, "Live not by lies." We might say, in these new circumstances, "Live not by ignorance about lies, either." Anyone still has the right to avert his eyes, of course. But no one can say that that is not a choice.[78]

Nordlinger also wrote:

It seemed imperative to learn more about the Arabs—to learn, for example, what they were saying to one another, in their media, in their schools, and in their mosques, The Arab world had always been dark this way; it needed to come into the light. And this is where www.memri.org proved "invaluable", as everyone has said... In fact "'invaluable' was written so often before MEMRI's name that one could have been forgiven for thinking the word was part of the name. MEMRI served as an antidote to darkness, as a way not to be ignorant.[78]

According to Nordlinger, one of MEMRI's early notable successes was its exposure of Muhammad al-Gamei'a. Al-Gamei'a had served as head of the Islamic Cultural Center of New York and as Al-Azhar University's representative to the United States and frequently participated in interreligious services. However, upon returning to Egypt in October 2001, Al-Gamei'a gave an interview to an Islamic website in which he stated, among other things, that Israel was responsible for 9/11 and that "If it became known to the American people, they would have done to the Jews what Hitler did!" and that "[the Jews] are riding on the back of the world powers."[78][79][80][81][82] MEMRI's translation of Al-Gamei'a's interview was later cited by The New York Times, which hired two independent translators to confirm the MEMRI translation.[83] Nordlinger wrote that MEMRI's work has "never been found to be anything but honest, accurate, and meticulous" and that because of MEMRI's work: "the sheikh was exposed."[78]

Moreover, the Anne Frank Foundation lists MEMRI along the Nizkor project as "websites with reliable information about Holocaust denial and Holocaust deniers."[84]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "MEMRI homepage". Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  2. 1 2 3 "About The Middle East Media Research Institute TV Monitor Project". MEMRITV - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2014-09-21. Retrieved July 23, 2006. The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) was founded in 1998 in Washington, DC to bridge the language gap between the Middle East and the West by monitoring, translating, and studying Arab, Iranian and Turkish media, schoolbooks, and religious sermons.
  3. 1 2 Fathi 2010, p. 202: "But what about using MEMRI what about the various accusations? There is no monolithic answer. As a translation service it is of great value. As a research tool the evaluation is more complex as it demands good background information in order to contextualize the information obtained due to the organization's lack of transparency and attempt to pose as something different than what they are. The problem is that many of the journalists, politicians and lay persons who use MEMRI cannot and will not do this. And this is where the main objection to MEMRI comes into play It presents itself as an independent research institute but it acts as a tool geared toward shaping opinion by "producing an orient" - in the true sense of Edward Said's usage - and through this it has an increasing influence in shaping perceptions of the Middle East. MEMRI has understood that politics today is waged in the media and it fulfills its role as a public relations, lobbying and policy-making instrument with the highest professional standard."
  4. ↑ Fathi 2010, p. 188-190.
  5. ↑ "Meyrav Wurmser". BBC News. May 16, 2003.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Whitaker, Brian (12 August 2002). "Selective Memri". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  7. ↑ Memri.org Mission Statement at the Wayback Machine (archived December 2, 1998)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Email debate: Yigal Carmon and Brian Whitaker". The Guardian. London. January 28, 2003. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  9. 1 2 Leibowitz, Ruthie Blum (November 15, 2006). "One on One with Yigal Carmon: If MEMRI serves...". Jerusalem Post.
  10. 1 2 3 "About MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute.
  11. ↑ "Steven Stalinsky". National Review Online.
  12. ↑ "Steven Stalinsky - Archive - The New York Sun". nysun.com.
  13. ↑ Initiative for Applied Education Research, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
  14. ↑ Lesley Pearl, Ex-West Bank `mayor' in Berkeley visit, says Jews must study Arab culture, Jewish news weekly of Northern California, November 24, 1995
  15. ↑ Growing Doubts at Home Time Magazine, May 17, 1982
  16. ↑ "Tufail Ahmad - Journalist and commentator on South Asian affairs". Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  17. ↑ "About MEMRI". Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  18. ↑ www.memri.org. "About MEMRI | The Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  19. ↑ Richard Bonney False Prophets: The 'Clash of Civilizations' and the Global War on Terror Peter Lang 2008 Pg 308
  20. ↑ Memri.org Mission Statement at the Wayback Machine (archived June 4, 2001)
  21. 1 2 3 "Middle East Media Research Institute". Right Web - Institute for Policy Studies. 9 November 2011.
  22. ↑ "Intimidation By Israeli Linked". Informed Comment.
  23. ↑ John Baron: Israeli Web site Debka.com at center of New York ‘dirty bomb’ tip The Jewish Journal, August 16, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  24. ↑ "Officials: Israel outsources monitoring of Palestinian media after IDF lapse" Haaretz February 02, 2012
  25. ↑ "MEMRI JTTM". www.memrijttm.org. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  26. ↑ www.memri.org. "Democracy in the Middle East | Latest Inquiry, Analysis, Special Dispatches | Arab Reform Topics | MEMRI, the Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  27. ↑ www.memri.org. "Media Archives on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial | The Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  28. ↑ http://memritv.org. "MEMRITV - The Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRITV - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  29. ↑ www.memri.org. "South Asia Studies Project | The Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  30. ↑ "The Cyber & Jihad Lab | Presented by MEMRI". cjlab.memri.org. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  31. ↑ www.memri.org. "MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute". MEMRI - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  32. ↑ http://memritv.org. "Subject page". MEMRITV - The Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  33. ↑ Thanks for the MEMRI (.org) at the Wayback Machine (archived April 9, 2010) Jay Nordlinger, National Review, September 13, 2004, accessed July 23, 2006
  34. ↑ About Us, Cursor, retrieved Oct 15, 2007.
  35. ↑ MEMRI Media Transparency Profile, retrieved Oct 7, 2007.
  36. ↑ About Us, Charity Navigator, retrieved Oct 15, 2007.
  37. ↑ Rating – The Middle East Media Research Institute, Charity Navigator.
  38. ↑ What Do Our Ratings Mean, Charity Navigator, retrieved Oct 8, 2007.
  39. ↑ "Office of International Religious Freedom Funds Middle East Media Research Institute Project". US Department of State. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  40. 1 2 3 Lalami, Laila (19 June 2006), "Missionary Position", The Nation, p. 32.
  41. 1 2 Hudson, Leila (Winter 2005), "The New Ivory Towers: Think Tanks, Strategic Studies and 'Counterrealism", Middle East Policy, 12 (4): 130.
  42. 1 2 Debate (transcript), CNN.
  43. 1 2 Lawrence Swaim, "MEMRI is 'propaganda machine' expert says" at the Wayback Machine (archived June 20, 2007), InFocus, June 7, 2007
  44. ↑ Cole, Juan (November 2, 2004), "Bin Laden's Audio: Threat to States?", Informed Comment (blog), retrieved 2007-01-08.
  45. 1 2 Perelman, Marc (7 December 2001). "No Longer Obscure, Memri Translates the Arab World". The Forward. Archived from the original on Dec 6, 2001.
  46. 1 2 Curtiss 2007, p. 17.
  47. 1 2 3 "Propaganda that widens the Arab-West divide – Gained in translation". Le Monde Diplomatique. October 2005. See in French (freely available) "Traduction ou trahison? Désinformation à l'israélienne" [Translation or betrayal? Desinformation, Israeli way]. Le Monde Diplomatique. October 2005.
  48. 1 2 Qaradawi dossier (press release), Mayor of London, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-26.
  49. ↑ Fear, Inc. The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America, Center for American Progress, August 2011, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-26.
  50. ↑ Australian Sheik Sharif Hussein to Obama: Oh Enemy of Allah, You Will Be Trampled upon by Pure Muslim Feet (transcript) (clip) (3951), MEMRI TV, July 3, 2013.
  51. ↑ Penberthy, David (August 22, 2013). "Adelaide sheikh's words of hate are straight out of al-Qaida central". The Advertiser. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  52. ↑ "SA Police investigating Islamic preacher's call for violence in online video". ABC News. August 23, 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  53. ↑ Schliebs, Mark (August 23, 2013). "Police examine 'hate speech'". The Australian. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  54. ↑ Cook, Craig (August 25, 2013). "Islamic preacher Sheikh Sharif Hussein's call to kill all Hindus and Buddhists taken 'out of context'". The Advertiser. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  55. ↑ "Official Media Response". Islamic Da’wah Centre of South Australia. August 24, 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  56. 1 2 3 Whitaker, Brian (15 May 2007). "Arabic under fire". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  57. ↑ Carmon, Yigal (1 November 2004), Osama Bin Laden Tape Threatens US States, Memri.
  58. ↑ Smith, Ramona (2 November 2004), "Did Osama send election threat?", Philadelphia Daily News.
  59. ↑ Whitaker, Brian (Spring 2005), "Arabsats Get the MEMRI Treatment", TBS, 13.
  60. ↑ "Treasury.gov Page Moved". treasury.gov.
  61. ↑ "Director of London's Al-Maqreze Centre for Historical Studies Hani Sibai: There are No 'Civilians' in Islamic Law; The Bombing is a Great Victory for Al-Qa'ida, Which 'Rubbed the Noses of the World's 8 Most Powerful Countries in the Mud'", Special Dispatch, MEMRI (932), July 12, 2005.
  62. ↑ Fielding, Nick; Gadher, Dipesh (July 17, 2005), "London-based radical salutes bombs 'victory'", The Sunday Times.
  63. ↑ al-Sebai, Hani (July 17, 2005), مركز المقريزي للدراسات التاريخية [Rebuttal of the lies and injustices that the Memri website and some of the British media spread about me], Almaqreze.
  64. ↑ "Middle East Media Research Institute", Institute for Policy Studies, IRC online.
  65. ↑ Barakat, Halim, The story of an article.
  66. 1 2 Roshwald, Aviel (April 26, 2002), Bigotry, Hate Speech from Scholars Must Be Exposed and Condemned.
  67. ↑ Al-Mallah, Majd Yaser; Fitzpatrick, Coeli (2008), Twentieth-century Arab writers, Gale Cengage Learning, p. 39, ISBN 0-7876-8164-4.
  68. ↑ "Politics–US: Pro-Israel Group's Money Trail Veers Hard Right", IPS, 2009-10-21.
  69. ↑ Church, Rosemary; Clancy, Jim; Shubert, Atika; Wedeman, Ben; Connery, Neil; Vause, John; Yoon, Eunice; Anderson, Becky; Dougherty, Jill (9 May 2007), "Recruiting Next Generation of Militants: Mickey Mouse-Like Character Reaches Out to Palestinian Children", Your World Today (transcript), CNN.
  70. ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jul/08/octavia-nasr-cnn-tweet-fired
  71. ↑ Sadr, Naomi (2007). Arab Television Today. I.B. Tauris. pp. 79–80.
  72. 1 2 Whitaker, Brian (2007-05-15), "Arabic under fire", The Guardian.
  73. 1 2 "Paula Zahn Now", CNN (TV show transcript), 2007-05-08.
  74. ↑ Lloyd, John (3 February 2003), "Pay any price, bear any burden?", New Statesman.
  75. ↑ Friedman, Thomas L (July 22, 2005), "Giving the Hatemongers No Place to Hide", The New York Times, retrieved March 23, 2009.
  76. ↑ Friedman, Thomas (September 18, 2012). "Look in Your Mirror". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  77. ↑ "Middle East: lifting a veil on the Arab press". Columbia Journalism Review. EC next. September 1, 2002. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  78. 1 2 3 4 Jay Nordlinger, "Thanks for the MEMRI (.org)" National Review May 6, 2002
  79. ↑ September 11 and Arab Media: The Anti-Jewish and Anti-American Blame Game (PDF), Anti-Defamation League, pp. 3–4.
  80. ↑ Currie, Duncan M (May 17, 2002), "The Nazi Slander", The Harvard Crimson.
  81. ↑ Gerstenfeld, Manfred (1 November 2001), What can Israel do in the Global Disorder? (465), Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.
  82. ↑ "Terror in America (18): Al-Azhar University Representative in the US and Imam of New York's Islamic Center: The American Attack Against Afghanistan is Terrorism... This War Will be the End of America... If the Americans Knew That the Jews Carried Out the September 11 Attacks They Would Do to Them What Hitler did", Special Dispatch, Memri (288), October 19, 2001.
  83. ↑ Goodstein, Laurie (October 23, 2001). "The Imam: New York Cleric's Departure From Mosque Leaves Mystery". The New York Times. p. B4.
  84. ↑ Ten questions on the authenticity of the diary of Anne Frank (PDF), Anne Frank Stichting, 2007, pp. 11–13.

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/26/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.