McDonnell Aircraft

McDonnell Aircraft Corporation

Industry	Aerospace
Fate	Merged with Douglas Aircraft Company
Successor	McDonnell Douglas
Founded	1939
Defunct	1967
Headquarters	St. Louis, Missouri
Products	Aircraft

The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer based in St. Louis, Missouri. The company was founded on July 6, 1939 by James Smith McDonnell, and was best known for its military fighters, including the F-4 Phantom II, and manned spacecraft including the Mercury capsule and Gemini capsule. McDonnell Aircraft later merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to form McDonnell Douglas in 1967.

History

Jim McDonnell founded J.S. McDonnell & Associates in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1928 to produce a personal aircraft for family use.^[1] The economic depression from 1929 ruined his plans and the company collapsed. He went to work for Glenn L. Martin. He left in 1938 to try again with his own firm, McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, based near St. Louis, Missouri, in 1939.^[2]

World War II was a major boost to the new company. It grew from 15 employees in 1939 to 5,000 at the end the war and became a significant aircraft parts producer, and developed the XP-67 Bat fighter prototype.^[3] McDonnell also developed the LBD-1 Gargoyle guided missile.^[4] McDonnell Aircraft suffered after the war with an end of government orders and a surplus of aircraft, and heavily cut its workforce. The advent of the Korean War helped push McDonnell into a major military fighter supply role.

An FH-1 Phantom, in 1948

In 1943, McDonnell began developing jets when they were invited to bid on a US Navy contest and eventually building the successful FH-1 Phantom in the post-war era. The Phantom introduced McDonnell's telltale design with engines placed forward under the fuselage and exiting just behind the wing, a layout that would be used successfully on the F2H Banshee, F3H Demon, and the F-101 Voodoo. Dave Lewis joined the company as Chief of Aerodynamics in 1946. He led the development of the legendary F-4 Phantom II in 1954, which was introduced into service in 1960.

Lewis became Executive Vice President in 1958, and finally became President and Chief Operating Officer in 1962. Lewis went on to manage Douglas Aircraft Division in 1967 after the McDonnell Douglas merger. In 1969, he returned to St. Louis as President of McDonnell Douglas.

McDonnell made a number of missiles, including the pioneering Gargoyle and unusual ADM-20 Quail, as well as experimenting with hypersonic flight, research that enabled them to gain a substantial share of the NASA projects Mercury and Gemini. The company was now a major employer, but was having problems. With no civilian side of the company, every peacetime downturn in procurement led to lean times at McDonnell.

McDonnell Aircraft and Douglas Aircraft began to sound each other out about a merger. Inquiries began in 1963; Douglas offered bid invitations from December 1966 and accepted that of McDonnell. The two firms were officially merged on April 28, 1967 as the McDonnell Douglas Corporation (MDC). In 1967, with the merger of McDonnell and Douglas Aircraft, Dave Lewis, then president of McDonnell, was named chairman of what was called the Long Beach, Douglas Aircraft Division. Lewis managed the turnaround of the division.

McDonnell Douglas would later merge with Boeing in August 1997.^[5] Boeing's defense and space division is based in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S., and is responsible for defense and space products and services. McDonnell Douglas's legacy product programs include the F-15 Eagle, AV-8B Harrier II, F/A-18 Hornet and F/A-18E/F Super Hornet.

Products

McDonnell F2H Banshee, F3H Demon, and F4H Phantom II

• TD2D/KDD/KDH Katydid target drone, 1942^[6]

Aircraft

• XP-67 experimental twin engine propeller fighter^[7]
• FH Phantom twin-engine jet fighter^[8]
• F2H Banshee twin-engine naval jet fighter^[9]
• XF-85 Goblin experimental jet fighter^[10]
• XF-88 Voodoo experimental twin-engine fighter^[11]
• F3H Demon single engine naval jet fighter^[12]
• F-101 Voodoo twin-engine supersonic, long-range jet fighter-bomber (single seat) and interceptor (two seat)^[13]
• F-4 Phantom II two-seat, twin-engine supersonic, long-range all-weather fighter-bomber^[14]
• McDonnell 119/220 business jet^[15]
• XV-1 Convertiplane VTOL^[16]
• XH-20 Little Henry experimental ramjet-rotor powered helicopter ^[17]
• XHJH-1 Whirlaway twin-engine helicopter built in 1946^[18]
• Model 120 experimental crane/lifting helicopter^[19]

Manned Spacecraft

• Mercury capsule^[20]
• Gemini capsule^[21]
• ASSET spaceplane

Missiles

• ADM-20 Quail
• LBD Gargoyle

Aircraft engines

• PJ-42 pulse-jet engine

See also

• Sanford N. McDonnell, nephew of founder and later President (1971), CEO (1972) and Chair (1980) of McDonnell Douglas.

References

1. J.S. McDonnell & Associates, Early years: 1927-1938 (part 1), Boeing.com.
2. J.S. McDonnell & Associates, Early years: 1927-1938 (part 2), Boeing.com.
3. McDonnell Aircraft Corp, The War Years: 1939-1945 (part 1), Boeing.com.
4. McDonnell Aircraft Corp, The War Years: 1939-1945 (part 2), Boeing.com.
5. Boeing Chronology, 1997–2001 Archived January 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., Boeing
6. TD2D/KDD/KDH Katydid
7. Francillon 1979, p. 370.
8. Francillon 1979, p. 380.
9. Francillon 1979, p. 426.
10. Francillon 1979, p. 456.
11. Francillon 1979, p. 460.
12. Francillon 1979, p. 480.
13. Francillon 1979, p. 537, 541.
14. Francillon 1979, p. 556.
15. Francillon 1979, p. 600.
16. Francillon 1979, p. 510.
17. Francillon 1979, p. 440.
18. Boeing gallery
19. Francillon 1979, p. 554.
20. Francillon 1979, p. 45.
21. Francillon 1979, p. 46.

• Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London:Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.

External links

• McDonnell Aircraft history 1939-45
• McDonnell Aircraft history 1946-56
• McDonnell Aircraft history 1957-67
• McDonnell Gemini Space Program 1963-1966
• List of all McDonnell model numbers through 1974