Melaleuca pentagona

Melaleuca pentagona
M. pentagona growing near the Esperance wetlands.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Melaleuca
Species:	M. pentagona
Binomial name
Melaleuca pentagona Labill.

Melaleuca pentagona is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is a showy, medium-sized shrub which produces large numbers of pink flowers in spring. There are three varieties recognised, one of which has been known in cultivation for many years.

Description

Melaleuca pentagona is a medium-sized shrub growing to about 5 m (20 ft) tall with papery grey or white bark. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stem, mostly 8–18 mm (0.3–0.7 in) long and 0.8–5.2 mm (0.03–0.2 in) wide, linear to narrow elliptic in shape and with a groove on the upper surface.^[1]

The flowers are a shade of pink or purple and arranged in heads at the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering and sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. The heads are up to 20 mm (0.8 in) in diameter and contain 3 to 8 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are 0.9–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long and fall off as the flowers open. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle with 2 to 8 stamens. Flowering time varies with subspecies but in general occurs in spring and summer. The fruit are woody capsules 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) long, in spherical clusters up to 20 mm (0.8 in) in diameter.^[1][2]

M. pentagona leaves and flowers

M. pentagona fruit

M. pentagona bark

Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca pentagona was first formally described in 1806 by the French biologist, Jacques Labillardière in Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen.^[3][4] The specific epithet (pentagona) is from the Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte) meaning “five”^[5] and γωνία (gōnía) meaning “angle”^[6] referring to the fruiting capsules being compressed into a five-sided shape.^[1] The varieties recognised are:

• Melaleuca pentagona var. latifolia Benth.^[7] which occurs in and between the Esperance, Israelite Bay and Toolinna districts, flowers in late spring and grows in heath and mallee on sandy soils near salt lakes;^[1]
• Melaleuca pentagona Labill. var. pentagona^[8] which occurs in and between the Mount Barker, Albany and Esperance districts, flowering mainly in spring and summer and grows in heath, mallee and woodland in sandy, clay or gravelly soil over granite and sandstone;^[1]
• Melaleuca pentagona var. raggedensis Craven^[9] which occurs in the Cape Arid National Park in heath, mallee and shrubland in sandy or stony soil often around granite rocks. The variety name (raggedensis) refers to the locality Mount Ragged in the Cape Arid National Park where this variety occurs.^[1]

Distribution and habitat

Melaleuca pentagona occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee and Warren biogeographic regions.^[10]

Ecology

This species of Melaleuca has become an invasive, environmental weed in some parts of Western Australia.^[11][12]

Conservation

This species is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.^[10]

Use in horticulture

Melaleuca pentagona var. pentagona is well known in cultivation, suitable to a range of soils and conditions.^[2]

References

1. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 278–279. ISBN 9781922137517.
2. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 212–213. ISBN 1876334983.
3. "Melaleuca pentagona". APNI. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
4. Labillardière, Jacques (1806). Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
5. "penta-". Wiktionary. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
6. "gonio-". Wiktionary. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
7. "Melaleuca pentagona var. latifolia". APNI. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
8. "Melaleuca pentagona var. pentagona". APNI. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
9. "Melaleuca pentagona var. raggedensis". APNI. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
10. "Melaleuca pentagona". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
11. "Australian weeds in Australia". Australian native plant society (Australia). Retrieved 15 April 2015.
12. Keighery, Greg J. (July 1994). Invasive weeds and regenerating ecosystems in Western Australia: Proceedings of the conference held at Murdoch University, July, 1994. Murdoch university, institute for science and technology policy. ISBN 0869054198.