Menominee River

This article is about the river in Wisconsin and Michigan. For the Illinois river, see Menominee River (Illinois). For the river in southeastern Wisconsin, see Menomonee River.
Menominee River

Menominee River
Basin
Main source Brule and Michigamme rivers
45°57′12″N 88°11′46″W / 45.95328°N 88.19624°W / 45.95328; -88.19624 (Primary source of Menominee River)[1]
River mouth Green Bay, Lake Michigan
45°05′41″N 87°35′28″W / 45.0947°N 87.59121°W / 45.0947; -87.59121 (Mouth of Menominee River)Coordinates: 45°05′41″N 87°35′28″W / 45.0947°N 87.59121°W / 45.0947; -87.59121 (Mouth of Menominee River)
Basin size 4,070 sq mi (10,500 km2)[2]
Physical characteristics
Length 116 mi (187 km)
Menominee River watershed
White Rapids Hydroelectric dam

The Menominee River is a river in northwestern Michigan and northeastern Wisconsin in the United States. It is approximately 116 miles (187 km) long,[3] draining a rural forested area of northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan into Lake Michigan. Its entire course, with that of its tributary, the Brule River, forms part of the boundary between the two states.[4][5]

Description

It is formed approximately 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Iron Mountain, Michigan, by the confluence of the Brule and Michigamme rivers. As the Menominee flows southeast it picks up the Pine River and travels past Kingsford, Michigan and Niagara, Wisconsin. It then flows generally south, making broad meanders collecting the Sturgeon, Pemebonwon and Pike rivers. It enters Green Bay on Lake Michigan from the north between Marinette, Wisconsin and Menominee, Michigan.

Along its course the Menominee River has been converted into a series of large reservoirs. The waters contained in these reservoirs are some of the area's deepest and cleanest lakes. Many of the lands around those waters are managed for recreational use, which ensures conservation and restricts shoreline development. The lakes are pristine, with wild shores of forest lands instead of rows of cottages and docks.[6]

The region through which the river flows was formerly a center of iron ore mining.

The name of the river comes from an Ojibwe Algonquian term meaning "wild rice", or "in the place of wild rice." They used the same name for the river as for the historic Menominee tribe who lived in the area and used the plant as a staple. The Menominee are the only Native American tribe living in Wisconsin today whose origin was in the present-day state. The federally recognized Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin have a reservation on the Wolf River.

The Chippewa lived in the upper portion of the river basin and referred to the river as Me-ne-cane Sepe or "Many Little Islands River". In the Jesuit Relations, the French missionary priests referred to the river as Rivière de la Folle Avoine or "Wild Oats River", again a reference to the wild rice.

Menominee River sediments are contaminated with arsenic at Marinette, Wisconsin from industry.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Menominee River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  2. ↑ Great Lakes Commission (August 2000). "Assessment of the Lake Michigan Monitoring Inventory : Menominee River" (PDF). www.glc.org. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  3. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed December 19, 2011
  4. ↑ Menominee River/Piers Gorge - Norway Nature & Parks - Pure Michigan Travel
  5. ↑ WDNR - Menominee River Natural Resources Area
  6. ↑ Menominee River Natural Resource Area, Menominee River
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