Miagao Church

Miagao Church
Santo Tomas de Villanueva Parish Church
Facade of Miagao Fortress Church
Miagao Church Republic of the Philippines
10°38′31″N 122°14′08″E / 10.641881°N 122.235527°E / 10.641881; 122.235527Coordinates: 10°38′31″N 122°14′08″E / 10.641881°N 122.235527°E / 10.641881; 122.235527
Location	Miag-ao, Iloilo
Country	Philippines
Denomination	Roman Catholic
History
Founded	1731
Dedication	St. Thomas of Villanueva
Consecrated	1581
Architecture
Status	Parish church
Functional status	Active
Heritage designation	UNESCO World Heritage Site
Designated	1993
Architectural type	Church building
Style	Baroque Romanesque
Groundbreaking	1787
Completed	1797
Specifications
Materials	Adobe, Limestone, Coral, Egg
Administration
Archdiocese	Jaro
Province	Jaro
Clergy
Archbishop	Angel Lagdameo
Priest(s)	Juan Q. Parreñas

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Baroque Churches of the Philippines

Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List

Miagao Church

Santa Maria Church

Paoay Church

San Agustin Church

Type

Cultural

Criteria

ii, iv

Reference

677

UNESCO region

Asia-Pacific

Inscription history

Inscription

1993 (17th Session)

The Miagao Church also known as the Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Parish Church is a Roman catholic church located in Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines. It was also called the Miagao Fortress Church since it served as defensive tower of the town against Muslim raids. The church was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on December 11, 1993 together with San Agustin Church in Manila; Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion Church in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur; and San Agustin Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte under the collective title Baroque Churches of the Philippines, a collection of four Baroque Spanish-era churches.^[1]

History

Miagao was formerly a visita of Oton until 1580, Tigbauan until 1592, San Joaquin until 1703 and Guimbal until 1731.^[2] It became an independent parish of the Augustinians in 1731 under the advocacy of Saint Thomas of Villanova.^[1] With the establishment of the parish, a church and convento was built in a land near the sea called Ubos. Father Fernando Camporredondo served as the town's first parish priest in 1734. When the town experienced frequent Moro invasion in 1741 and 1754, the town moved to a more secure place. From there, a new church was constructed in 1787 through forced labor under the supervision of under Fray Francisco Gonzales, parish priest and Spanish gobernadorcillo Domingo Libo-on.^[3] It was built on the highest point of the town to guard from invaders called Tacas. After ten years, the church was completed in 1797. It was designed to have thick walls to serve as protection from invaders. It was severely damaged during the Spanish revolution in 1898 but was later rebuilt, fire in 1910, the second World War and earthquake in 1948.^[3] The present day Miagao church is the third church built since its establishment in 1731.^[4] To preserve the church, it underwent restoration in 1960 and completed in 1962. It was declared a national shrine by Presidential Decree No. 260 of former President Ferdinand Marcos.

Architecture

The church's over-all architectural style falls under the Baroque Romanesque architectural style.^[3] Its ochre color is due to the materials used in constructing the church, adobe, egg, coral and limestone.^[5]^,^[4] The church's foundation is 6 meters deep^[6] and the massive stone walls at 1.5 meters thick are intensified through the use of 4 meter thick flying buttresses as protection to the Moro invaders as stipulated under Royal Decree 111 of 1573 (Law of the Indies).^[3]

Façade

The façade of Miagao church consists of an ornately decorated bas-relief in the middle of two huge watchtower belfries on each side. The bas-relief is a mixed influence of Medieval Spanish, Chinese, Muslim^[3] and local traditions and elements, a unique characteristic of the church façade. A prominent part of the façade is a coconut tree depicted as the tree of life where St. Christopher holds on. St. Christopher is dressed in local and traditional clothing carrying the Child Jesus on his back. The rest of the façade features the daily life of the people of Miagao during that time including native flora (like papaya, coconut and palm tree) and fauna.^[1]^,^[7]

Above the wooden door entrance at the center of the façade just below the image of St. Christopher is a carved image of the town's patron saint, St. Thomas of Villanueva. At each side of the door is the images of St. Henry of Bavaria on the left and Pope Pius VI.^[8]^,^[4] Above the images of St. Henry and Pope Pius VI is their respective coat-of-arms.

Pediment featuring St. Christopher carrying Child Jesus on his back
Image of St. Thomas of Villanueva
Image of St. Henry of Bavaria
Façade of Miagao Church

Belltower

The two huge unequal belltowers ^[1] directly attached to the main churchserve as watchtowers to defend the town against invasion of Moros. It has two different designs since it was commissioned by two different priests.^[4] On the left side is the older belfry, the tallest west belfry with four levels. Originally, the east belfry was constructed only with two levels. It was in 1830 when Father Francisco Perez decided to add another story to the east belfry. Until now, the east belfry (three levels) is one level shorter that the west belfry (four levels).^[4]

Interior

The interior's most prominent structure is the gold plated retablo or sanctuary.The present altar used is the original altar from the late 1700s that was believed to be lost during the fire of 1910 and discovered during repair excavations in 1982. It contains three niches. On the middle is the crucifix and on both sides are the statues of its patron saint, St. Thomas of Villanova and St. Joseph. The tabernacle below the crucifix is finished in 98% pure gold and silver. On both sides of the sanctuary are images of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary which dates back in 1780^[4]

Baptistery

The baptistery contains the image of the Birhen ng Barangay in limestone and traditional Filipino clothing recovered from the 1982 excavations. The original late 1790's images of St. Tomas of Villanova can also be found enclosed in a glass case in the rear side of the church.

References

1 2 3 4 "Baroque Churches of the Philippines". Retrieved June 25, 2014.
↑ "Miag-ao Church". Retrieved June 26, 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 "Miag-ao church is an architectural treasure of Iloilo". July 21, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 6 "A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Miagao's Church of St Thomas of Villanueva". Retrieved June 26, 2014.
↑ "7 Must-See Churches in Iloilo". March 25, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
↑ "The Baroque Fortress Church of Iloilo: Miag-ao". Retrieved June 26, 2014.
↑ "Miagao Church". Official Website of the Municipality of Miagao. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
↑ "The Historical Miagao Church in Iloilo". August 1, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2014.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miagao Church.

World Heritage Sites in the Philippines

World Heritage Sites	Baroque Churches of the Philippines San Agustin Church Paoay Church Santa Maria Church Miagao Church Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras Batad Rice Terraces Bangaan Rice Terraces Hungduan Rice Terraces Mayoyao Central Rice Terraces Nagacadan Rice Terraces Tubbataha Reef Historic Town of Vigan

Tentative List	Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary Angono Triglyphs Apo Reef Natural Park Baroque Churches of the Philippines Extension Boljoon Church Guiuan Church Lazi Church Loboc Church Tumauini Church Batanes Protected Landscapes and Seascapes Butuan Archeological Sites Chocolate Hills Natural Monument Coron Island Natural Biotic Area El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area Jesuit Churches of the Philippines Guiuan Church Baclayon Church Loboc Church Maragondon Church Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves Liguasan Marsh Mount Apo Natural Park Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park Mount Malindang Range Natural Park Mount Matutum Protected Landscape Mount Pulag National Park Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and outlying areas inclusive of the buffer zone Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Cagayan Valley Panglao Island, Bohol Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines San Sebastian Church Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines Fuerza de Capul Dauis Watchtower Punta Cruz Watchtower Fuerza de San Andres Fuerza de Sta. Isabel Taal Volcano Protected Landscape, Batangas The Maranao Settlement of Tugaya The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary

Philippine Registry of Cultural Property (PRECUP)

Government cultural agencies	Cultural Center of the Philippines Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino National Archives National Commission for Culture and the Arts National Historical Commission of the Philippines National Library National Museum Sentro Rizal

Categories of cultural properties	UNESCO World Heritage Sites National Cultural Treasures Important Cultural Properties National Historical Landmarks National Shrines National Monuments National Heritage Houses Works of National Artists Marked Structures Other Cultural Properties

Related	National Cultural Heritage Act

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