Michael Jackson videography

Michael Jackson at the White House in 1984

American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age 5 as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the group.^[1] Referred to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years,^[2] Jackson had seven of his solo albums promoted with music videos, or as he would refer them as "short films". In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular culture and the first African American entertainer to have a strong crossover fanbase on Music Television (MTV).^[3][4] The popularity of his music videos that aired on MTV, such as "Beat It", "Billie Jean" and "Thriller"—credited for transforming the music video from a promotional tool and into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame.^[5][6] Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV into the 1990s.^[6] Some of his short films drew criticism for their violent and sexual elements; others were lauded by critics and awarded Guinness World Records for their length, success and expense.^[7][8][9]

The singer's earliest film role was Scarecrow in the 1978 American musical The Wiz. He went on to appear in productions such as Men in Black II (2002) as well as lesser known productions, Miss Cast Away (2004) and his own feature-length movie, Moonwalker (1988) in which he starred alongside Joe Pesci. The singer also had a guest role in an episode of American cartoon The Simpsons. Some of his other releases are noted for their runtime. Captain EO (1986), a 17-minute film that cost $30 million to create, was the most expensive video to produce (in dollars per minute) at the time of its release.^[10] Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1996), in which Jackson played four characters, has been credited as the longest music video ever.^[8] Several of Jackson's feature films have been released into home video, and have been certified by trading bodies such as the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).

Music videos

Steve Barron, director of "Billie Jean"

Bob Giraldi, director of "Beat It" and "Say Say Say"

Paul McCartney was featured in "Say Say Say"

John Landis, director of "Thriller" and "Black or White"

Diana Ross was featured in "Eaten Alive"

Barry Gibb was featured in "Eaten Alive"

Martin Scorsese, director of "Bad"

Joe Pytka, director of "The Way You Make Me Feel"

Janet Jackson was featured in "2300 Jackson Street" and "Scream"

Paula Abdul appears in the "Liberian Girl" video

Dan Aykroyd appears in the "Liberian Girl" video

Steven Spielberg appears in the "Liberian Girl" video

Macaulay Culkin appears in the "Black or White" video

Herb Ritts, director of "In the Closet"

Heavy D was featured in "Jam"

David Fincher, director of "Who Is It"

Eddie Murphy was featured in "Whatzupwitu" and made a cameo appearance in "Remember the Time"

Spike Lee, director of "They Don't Care About Us"

Title	Year	Other performer(s) credited	Director(s)	Description	Ref.
"Enjoy Yourself"	1976	The Jacksons[lower-alpha 1]	Unknown	A music video produced to promote the single of the same name and features the five Jackson brothers wearing white suits and dancing on a stage. It was released on DVD for the bonus disc of Michael Jackson's Vision.	[11]
"Blame It on the Boogie"	1978	The Jacksons[lower-alpha 1]	Conn, PeterPeter Conn	A music video produced to promote the single of the same name and features the five Jackson brothers dancing on a black background, relied heavily on electronic trail effects, created at Image West, Ltd. using then-cutting-edge equipment: the Scanimate analog computer system and a Quantel DFS 3000 digital framestore.	[12] [13] [14]
"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough"	1979	None	Saxton, NickNick Saxton	It was Jackson's first music video as a solo artist. The music video shows a smiling Jackson dancing and singing "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" in a black and white tuxedo with a black bow tie while appearing chroma keyed over a background of abstract geometric figures. At one stage, Jackson is seen dancing in triplicate, which was considered innovative at the time.	[15] [16] [17]
"Rock with You"	1979	None	Gowers, BruceBruce Gowers	The video features Jackson in a sparkly sequined suit singing the song with a bright laser behind him. It was filmed on a stage in Los Angeles called the 800 Stage.	[15] [18]
"She's Out of My Life"	1980	None	Gowers, BruceBruce Gowers	The music video for the song features Jackson sitting on a stool in a darkened room singing the song, lit by a single spotlight. The video uses a split screen technique to simultaneously show Jackson from two different angles during the second and third verses.	[15] [19]
"Can You Feel It "	1980	The Jacksons[lower-alpha 1]	Gowers, BruceBruce Gowers Robert Abert	The music video was noted for its remarkable special effects created by Robert Abel and Associates, which included tidal waves, explosions and the Jacksons towering over a city, spreading glitter and rainbows. Jackson created the video's concept and Tito's sons, Taj and Taryll, appeared as extras.	[14] [15]
"Billie Jean"	1983	None	Barron, SteveSteve Barron	The short film for "Billie Jean" is considered the video that brought MTV, until then a fairly new and unknown music channel, into mainstream attention. It was one of the first videos by a black artist to be aired regularly by the channel, as the network's executives felt black music wasn't "rock" enough.	[15] [20] [21]
"Beat It"	1983	None	Giraldi, BobBob Giraldi	The music video for "Beat It" helped establish Jackson as an international pop icon and cost Jackson $150,000 to create after CBS refused to finance it. The video was filmed on Los Angeles' Skid Row—mainly on locations on East 5th Street—around March 9, 1983.	[15] [22] [23] [24] [25]
"Say Say Say"	1983	Paul McCartney	Giraldi, BobBob Giraldi	In the short film, the duo play "Mac and Jack", a pair of conmen who sell a "miracle potion". The video was filmed at Los Alamos near Santa Barbara, California and the video cost $500,000 to produce. Cameo appearances in the video are made by McCartney's then wife Linda, as well as Jackson's older sister La Toya.	[26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
"Thriller"	1983	None	Landis, JohnJohn Landis	This music video became one of Jackson's most successful and was filmed at the Palace Theatre in downtown Los Angeles, the zombie dance sequence at the junction of Union Pacific Avenue and South Calzona Street in East Los Angeles and the final house scene in the Angeleno Heights neighborhood at 1345 Carroll Avenue. All principal photography was done in mid-October 1983.	[15] [31] [32]
"Somebody's Watching Me"	1984	Rockwell	Francis Delia	The music video underscores the song's paranoid tone with a haunted house-inspired theme, including imagery of floating heads, ravens, graveyards, and shower scenes referencing Psycho.	[33] [34]
"We Are the World"	1985	USA for Africa	Tom Trbovich	The song for the music video was created as a charity single recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists (USA) for Africa in 1985.	[35] [36]
"Eaten Alive"	1985	Diana Ross Barry Gibb	David Hogan	The video, inspired by The Island of Doctor Moreau, featured the singer playing a cat-like demon seducing a man played by Joseph Gian after having been pursued by chimeras.	[37] [38]
"Bad"	1987	None	Scorsese, MartinMartin Scorsese	The video is an 18-minute short film written by novelist and screenwriter Richard Price. The video has many references to the 1961 film West Side Story, especially the "Cool" sequence.	[15] [39] [40]
"The Way You Make Me Feel"	1987	None	Pytka, JoeJoe Pytka	It was choreographed by Vincent Paterson. The short version of the video is seven minutes and fifty-four seconds long and the full version is nine minutes and thirty-three seconds long. The video begins with a group of males trying to pick up women, but they don't get any luck. Joe Seneca, Sean Cheesman, and Tatiana Thumbtzen all have roles in the video. The music video was released on October 31, 1987.	[41] [42]
"Man in the Mirror"	1988	None	Donald Wilson	This video is a notable departure from Jackson's other videos mainly because Jackson himself does not appear in the video, aside from a brief clip toward the end of the video in which he can be seen donning a red jacket and standing in a large crowd. Instead, it featured a montage of footage from various major news events.	[15] [43] [44]
"Dirty Diana"	1988	None	Pytka, JoeJoe Pytka	The music video was filmed in front of a live audience and was released in 1988.	[11] [45]
"Another Part of Me"	1988	None	Kelly, PatrickPatrick Kelly	The video was released in 1988 and featured Jackson performing the song live during his Bad World Tour. The film footage was taken on July 16 at Wembley Stadium with soundtrack mixed from live multitrack recording taken on the same day, with additional footage from June 27–28 show at Parc des Princes.	[46]
"Smooth Criminal"	1988	None	Chilvers, ColinColin Chilvers	In the music video, Michael Jackson and the dancers immediately around him perform a seemingly impossible forward lean. To accomplish this maneuver, a hitching mechanism which Jackson co-patented was built into the floor of the stage and the performers' shoes, thereby allowing performers to lean without needing to keep their centers of mass directly over their feet.	[15] [10] [47]
"Speed Demon"	1988	None	Kramer, JerryJerry Kramer Vinton, WillWill Vinton	Jackson filmed the video as a promotional video for the song, which originally was a segment of his 1988 film Moonwalker.	[48]
"Come Together"	1988	None	Kramer, JerryJerry Kramer Chilvers, ColinColin Chilvers	Jackson filmed the video as a promotional video for the song, which originally was a segment of his 1988 film Moonwalker.	[49]
"Leave Me Alone"	1989	None	Blashfield, JimJim Blashfield	The music video was released on January 2, 1989 and features llamas and peacocks from an animal preserve and an amusement park, Oak's Park. The video was the result of the media criticizing his idiosyncrasies.	[15] [50]
"2300 Jackson Street"	1989	The Jacksons Rebbie Jackson Marlon Jackson Janet Jackson	Grey Gold	The music video featured the Jackson family members, except for La Toya and Marlon, and also includes children of The Jacksons. The video was shot in March 1989.	[51] [52]
"Liberian Girl"	1989	None	Jim Yukich	The music video featured many of Jackson's celebrity friends who gathered on a soundstage to film the music video for "Liberian Girl", only to discover that Jackson was filming them all along. It featured Paula Abdul, Dan Aykroyd, Danny Glover, Steven Spielberg, John Travolta, and Olivia Newton-John to name a few.	[53] [54]
"Black or White"	1991	None	Landis, JohnJohn Landis	The video featured Macaulay Culkin, Tess Harper, and George Wendt. This was the second time John Landis and Jackson worked together, the previous time being Thriller. It was choreographed by Vincent Paterson.	[15] [55] [56]
"Remember the Time"	1992	None	Singleton, JohnJohn Singleton	The promotional music video was filmed in mid-January 1992. It was a nine-minute video and was promoted as a "short film" and was choreographed by Fatima Robinson. The video was an elaborate production and became one of Jackson's longest videos at over nine minutes. It was set in ancient Egypt and featured groundbreaking visual effects and appearances by Eddie Murphy, Iman, The Pharcyde, Magic Johnson, Tom "Tiny" Lister, Jr. and Wylie Draper. The video also featured Michael's first on screen kiss.	[15] [57] [58] [59]
"In the Closet"	1992	None	Ritts, HerbHerb Ritts	The sepia colored music video features Jackson performing sensual dance routines with supermodel Naomi Campbell. The spoken vocals by Princess Stéphanie of Monaco were re-recorded by Campbell for the video. The clip was filmed in late March 1992 in Salton Sea, California and premiered on April 23, 1992.	[15] [60] [61] [62]
"Jam"	1992	Heavy D	Kellogg, DavidDavid Kellogg	The video features a cameo appearance by the rap duo Kris Kross and Michael Jordan. Both Jordan and Jackson teach one another their special talents in this video; Jordan's basketball skills and Jackson's "moonwalk".	[15] [63] [64]
"Heal the World"	1992	None	Pytka, JoeJoe Pytka	The music video features children living in countries suffering from unrest, especially Burundi. It is also one of only a handful of Michael Jackson's videos not to feature Jackson himself.	[65]
"Give In to Me"	1993	None	Moharan, AndyAndy Moharan	It was shot on June 25, 1992 in Munich, Germany and features Jackson performing the song on stage at an indoor rock concert with ex Living Color bassist Muzz Skillings, Guns N' Roses guitarists Slash and Gilby Clarke, as well as the band's touring keyboardist Teddy Andreadis. The pyrotechnics appearing on the video are computer-generated and were added later on.	[66]
"Who Is It"	1993	None	Fincher, DavidDavid Fincher	In the music video Jackson was featured falling in love with a high-priced escort and stares sadly at the city skyline.	[15] [67]
"Whatzupwitu"	1993	Eddie Murphy	Isham, WayneWayne Isham Csupo, KlaskyKlasky Csupo	The music video was inspired by the album's cover art from which the single was featured in and also uses computer graphics. This was the second time Murphy and Jackson had worked together, the first being for the music video for "Remember the Time".	[68] [69]
"Will You Be There"	1993	None	Paterson, VincentVincent Paterson	The music video features Jackson performing the song during his Dangerous World Tour and footage from Free Willy.	[70] [71]
"Gone Too Soon"	1993	None	DiCicco, BillBill DiCicco	The footage in the music video featured scenes of Jackson and White together, as well as brief coverage from White's funeral. Home movies, donated by White's mother Jeanne, were also shown in the short film.	[72] [73]
"HIStory Teaser"	1995	None	Wainwright, RupertRupert Wainwright	A promotional music video for Michael Jackson's HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I studio album.	[74]
"Scream"	1995	Janet Jackson	Romanek, MarkMark Romanek	The music video was 4:46 minutes and was choreographed by Travis Payne, LaVelle Smith Jnr, Tina Landon, Sean Cheesman and Sacha Lucashenko in May 1995. It features a dystopic, playful spaceship dance-off between Jackson and his sister Janet and the video cost $7 million to make.	[15] [75]
"Childhood"	1995	None	Brandt, NickNick Brandt	Jason James Richter and Francis Capra, actors from the movie Free Willy 2, both make a cameo appearance in the video.	[76]
"You Are Not Alone"	1995	None	Isham, WayneWayne Isham	The video was filmed on July 12, 1995 and features temple scenes that were a homage to Maxfield Parrish's 1922 painting "Daybreak" and theater scenes which was filmed at the Pantages Theatre, in Los Angeles. Lisa Marie Presley, Jackson's wife at the time, appears in an affectionate semi-nude scene with him.	[77] [78]
"Earth Song"	1995	None	Brandt, NickNick Brandt	The video was filmed in four geographic regions (Americas, Europe and Africa). The first location was the Amazon Rainforest, where natives of the region appeared in the video and were not actors. The second scene was a war zone in Karlovac, Croatia, with famous Croatian actor Slobodan Dimitrijević and the residents of the area. The third location was Tanzania, which incorporated scenes of illegal poaching and hunting into the video. The final location was in Warwick, New York, where a safe forest fire was simulated in a corn field.	[79] [80]
"Why"	1996	3T	Ziman, RalphRalph Ziman	A promotional music video for the single of the same name and was shot in black and white.	[81]
"They Don't Care About Us"	1996	None	Lee, SpikeSpike Lee	Two music videos were made for the single. The first was filmed in Salvador (Pelourinho) and in Rio de Janeiro. The second was filmed in a prison with cell mates; in the video Jackson is seen handcuffed. It also contains real footage of police attacking African Americans, the military crackdown of the protest in the Tiananmen Square, the Ku Klux Klan, war crimes, genocide, execution, martial law, and other human rights abuses.	[15] [82] [83] [84]
"Stranger in Moscow"	1996	None	Brandt, NickNick Brandt	The music video was shot in Los Angeles and is based on Jackson's personal life, portraying him walking around looking for new people to talk to, as he did in his real life.	[85] [86]
"Blood on the Dance Floor"	1997	None	Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson Paterson, VincentVincent Paterson	Carmit Bachar, member of The Pussycat Dolls, was featured as a dancer in the music video. Another version of the music video was made, presented as the "Refugee Camp Mix".	[87] [88]
"Ghosts"	1997	None	Winston, StanStan Winston	It was a five-minute clip taken from a film entitled Ghosts. Jackson unveiled the film at the Cannes Film Festival, as part of the album promotion. It was released theatrically in the US in October 1996, as for the UK, it debuted at the Odeon Leicester Square in May 1997.	[89] [90] [91]
"HIStory (Tony Moran's HIStory Lesson)"	1997	Boyz II Men	Unknown	The video features scenes from his short film Ghosts, and live performances from the Bad World Tour and the Dangerous World Tour.	[92] [93]
"You Rock My World"	2001	None	Hunter, PaulPaul Hunter	The video, which is over thirteen minutes long, was described as being a short film. The video features appearances from Chris Tucker, Marlon Brando, Michael Madsen and Billy Drago.	[94] [95] [96] [97]
"Cry"	2001	None	Brandt, NickNick Brandt	The video was filmed in six different locations, five of which were in California and another in Nevada. People featured in the video included members of a real life gospel group.	[98] [99]
"What More Can I Give"	2001	The All Stars	Unknown	The song for the music video was created as a charity single recorded by various artists for 9/11.	[100]
"One More Chance"	2003	None	Brandt, NickNick Brandt	Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch was raided by the Santa Barbara County Sheriff's Office. Michael Jackson had been shooting the video late into the night of November 17, 2003, but following the raid, production was stopped. The single was instead promoted using a montage video of highlights from Jackson's career to date.	[101] [102] [103] [104]
"Cheater"	2004	None	Unknown	The music video features clips from the Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour DVD, which was included in the same album the song appears in.	[105]
"This Is It"	2009	The Jacksons	Lee, SpikeSpike Lee	The video was released on December 27, 2009 and premiered on the webpage of Lee's production company 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks. The video, almost five-minutes long, features various scenes of Jackson's hometown and former residence in Gary, Indiana, along with photos and videos of him and tributes from his fans around the world.	[106] [107]
"We Are the World 25 for Haiti"	2010	None	Haggis, PaulPaul Haggis	Haitian film students were involved in the video as part of the production crew. The music video for the song was formatted similar to the original "We Are the World"; the video opens with the song's title with the recording artists' signatures surrounding it, as well as clips of the artists performing their parts in the recording studio and included archive footage of Michael Jackson performing his part of the song. The video was intercut with clips showing people in Haiti following the earthquake.	[108]
"Hold My Hand"	2010	Akon	Pellington, MarkMark Pellington	On Monday, November 22, 2010, the filming for the video began in Tustin, California, a main filming location being the airship hangars at Marine Corps Air Station Tustin. There was a casting call posted on Jackson's official website, stating interest in people of all ages who wanted to be in the video.	[109]
"Hollywood Tonight"	2011	None	Isham, WayneWayne Isham	It was shot in front of the Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California. Sofia Boutella portrays the lead dancer in the video.	[110] [111]
"Behind the Mask"	2011	None	Dennis Liu Aggressive	Two versions of the music video were made, the first being made in 2011 and the second, known as the alternative version, being made in 2013.	[112] [113]
"All in Your Name"	2011	Gibb, BarryBarry Gibb	Barry Gibb	The video shows unveiled footage of Gibb recording an unreleased track of the song with Michael Jackson in 2002	[114]
"Love Never Felt So Good"	2014	Justin Timberlake	Rich Lee Justin Timberlake	Two versions of the music video were released. The first featured a crowd of young dancers lip syncing and, Timberlake singing along and making some memorable moves from Jackson's classic music videos or live shows. The second version featured clips from the duet version, as well as clips from other Michael Jackson music videos, such as "Dirty Diana" and "You Rock My World", along with some of Jackson's live performances, such as "Billie Jean".	[115] [116]
"A Place with No Name"	2014	None	Samuel Bayer	The video stars dancers Alvester Martin and Danielle Acoff in new dance sequences in a desert. The video also weaves in rare clips from Jackson's "In the Closet" video shoot. A second music video was released on Michael Jackson's VEVO page on 28 August 2014, with choreographed dances performed by the dancers from Cirque du Soleil's "Michael Jackson: One" world tour. It was filmed at different places in Los Angeles, but most of the video was shot inside the "Michael Jackson: ONE" Boutique inside Mandalay Bay.	[117] [118]
"Say Say Say [2015 Remix]"	2015	Paul McCartney	Ryan Heffington	Promoted as the 2015 remix, McCartney released this music video that unveiled new vocal recordings by Jackson.	[119]

Video albums

Title	Album details	Description
Moonwalker	Released: January 10, 1989[120] Label: Capital Home Video Format: VHS, DVD,[121] and Blu-ray	Contains a collection of short films about Jackson, several of which are long-form music videos from Jackson's Bad album.
Dangerous: The Short Films	Released: November 12, 1993[120] Label: Legacy, Epic Format: VHS and DVD[122]	Contains the music videos for Jackson's eighth studio album, Dangerous.
Video Greatest Hits – HIStory	Released: June 9, 1995[120] Label: Legacy, Epic Format: VHS and DVD[121]	Contains the music videos for Jackson's ninth and penultimate studio album, HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I.
HIStory on Film, Volume II	Released: May 20, 1997[120] Label: Epic, SME Format: VHS and DVD[121]	Contains a collection of music videos from six of Jackson's studio albums.
Number Ones	Released: November 18, 2003[120] Label: Legacy, Epic Format: DVD[121]	Contains a collection of music videos from eight of Jackson's studio albums.
The One	Released: March 9, 2004[120] Label: Epic Format: DVD[121]	Contains interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence, and also contains footage from Jackson's previous music videos.
Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour	Released: July 26, 2005[120] Label: Legacy Format: DVD[121]	Contains the special as it originally aired on HBO in October 1992 along with new content.
Michael Jackson's Vision	Release date: November 22, 2010[120] Label: Legacy Format: DVD	Contains forty-two music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio.
Live at Wembley July 16, 1988	Release date: September 18, 2012[120] Label: Legacy Format: DVD	Contains a performance of the Bad world tour, performing songs from the album Bad.

Filmography

Title	Year	Role	Director	Notes	Ref.
The Wiz	1978	Scarecrow	Lumet, SidneySidney Lumet	Musical adventure film	[123]
Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller	1983	Himself	Landis, JohnJohn Landis	Documentary	[124]
Captain EO	1986	Captain EO	Coppola, Francis FordFrancis Ford Coppola	Short film	[125]
Moonwalker	1988	Himself	Kramer, JerryJerry Kramer	Anthology film	[126]
Michael Jackson's Ghosts	1996	Maestro / Mayor / Ghoul / Skeleton	Winston, StanStan Winston	Short Film	[127]
Men in Black II	2002	Agent M	Sonnenfeld, BarryBarry Sonnenfeld	Cameo appearance	[128]
Miss Cast Away and the Island Girls	2004	Agent MJ	Stoller, Bryan MichaelBryan Michael Stoller	Cameo appearance	[129]
Michael Jackson's This Is It	2009	Himself	Ortega, KennyKenny Ortega	Documentary	[130]
Michael Jackson: The Life of an Icon	2011	Himself	Eastel, AndrewAndrew Eastel	Documentary	[131]
Freddie Mercury: The Great Pretender	2012	Himself	Thomas, RhysRhys Thomas	Documentary	[132]
Bad 25	2012	Himself	Lee, SpikeSpike Lee	Documentary	[133]
Michael Jackson: The Last Photo Shoot	2014	Himself	Williams, CraigCraig Williams	Documentary	[134]
Michael Jackson's Journey from Motown to Off the Wall	2016	Himself	Lee, SpikeSpike Lee	Documentary	[135]

Television

"Stark Raving Dad" was the first episode in the third season of The Simpsons. Jackson performed the speaking voice of Leon Kompowsky under the pseudonym John Jay Smith.^[136] The producers of the show were legally prevented from confirming that Jackson guest-starred at the time, although many media sources assumed it was really him.^{[137][138][139][140]}

Notes

1. Jackson recorded this as part of his group, The Jacksons.

References

Footnotes

1. George, p. 20
2. Keehner, Jonathan; Mider, Zachary R. (November 5, 2008). "Michael Jackson's Neverland Loan Sold by Fortress to Colony". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
3. Yardley, Jonathan (August 30, 1993). "Nothing More Than ... Feelings". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
4. Day, Elizabeth (March 8, 2009). "Off the wall but still invincible". London: The Guardian. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
5. Kash, Tim (June 30, 2009). "Jackson's Legacy: Passing the Torch". CBS News. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
6. "He Will Live Forever...". The Statesman. July 3, 2009.
7. Michael Jackson Dangerous on Film VHS/DVD
8. Guinness World Records 2002, p. 36
9. George, pp. 48–50
10. Halstead, p. 18
11. "Michael Jackson Video Collection Announced". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
12. "Image West Scanimate Demo 15B". Retrieved 2010-04-01.
13. "Dave Sieg's comments". Retrieved 2010-04-01. While I worked at Image West, we did a number of effects using a Quantel 3000 framestore to create "trails", including this Michael Jackson video, "Blame it on the Boogie". This is from my archives of work from that era.
14. O'Toole, p. Unknown
15. Weingarten, Christopher R. (24 June 2009). "Rolling Stone". Michael Jackson's 20 Greatest Videos: The Stories Behind the Vision. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
16. Halstead, p. 92
17. Taraborrelli, pp. 183–187
18. Halstead, p. 262
19. Halstead, p. 278
20. Halstead, p. 37
21. Campbell 1993, p. 58.
22. Halstead, p. 29
23. Cadman & Halstead 2007, p. 29.
24. Reed, J.D.; Stanley, Alessandra; Koepp, Stephen (July 18, 1983). Music: New Rock on a Red-Hot Roll at the Wayback Machine (archived November 6, 2012) Time 122: 3.
25. Blake, Lindsay (March 26, 2010). "The (Probable) Warehouse from Michael Jackson's "Beat It" Video". Iamnotastalker.com. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
26. Reba, Bonnie Churchill (1 March 1984). "You" (Payment required to access full article.). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
27. Campbell, p. 69.
28. Barrow, p. 92
29. Grant, p. 270.
30. "Linda McCartney Dies Of Cancer". MTV. 20 April 1998. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
31. Halstead, p. 320
32. "Photographic image of film schedule" (JPG). S12.postimg.org. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
33. "Gary Pressy hits the right chords at Wrigley Field". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
34. "Pop Up Video: Rockwell 'Somebody's Watching Me". VH1. Archived from the original on 2011-03-22. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
35. Marsh, p. 518
36. "South Jordan band wins eWorld Music Awards". Deseret News. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
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38. Inc., Nielsen Business Media (Dec 28, 1985). "Billboard". Nielsen Business Media, Inc. – via Google Books.
39. Halstead, p. 23
40. "'Bad' Choreographer Remembers Michael Jackson". National Public Radio. 2009-06-29. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
41. Halstead, p. 341
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43. Halstead, p. 216
44. ""Man In The Mirror" short film (with photos and video)". Leaf & Letters (in Japanese). Retrieved April 16, 2012.
45. Halstead, p. 85
46. Byrne, Bridget (November 18, 1987). "'Bad' business will Jackson's image sell?" (Payment required to access full article). Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
47. US 5255452 
48. Silverman, David (January 13, 1989). "Jackson is out of this world in his new home video" (Payment required to access full article). Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
49. Halstead, p. 70
50. Halstead, p. 197
51. Company, Johnson Publishing (20 February 1989). "Jet". Johnson Publishing Company – via Google Books.
52. Jackson, Jermaine (14 August 2012). "You Are Not Alone: Michael: Through a Brother's Eyes". Simon and Schuster – via Google Books.
53. Halstead, p. 200
54. "17 Iconic Michael Jackson Shots in 'Love Never Felt So Good' with Justin Timberlake (Video)". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
55. Halstead, p. 42
56. Garcia, Alex. "Michael Jackson "Black or white"". mvdbase. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
57. Halstead, p. 261
58. "NEW MICHAEL JACKSON VIDEO DUE FEB. 2". hiladelphia Inquirer. 1992-01-21. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
59. Jon Parales (1992-02-04). "Review/Video; Michael Jackson's Costly New Promotional Clip". NYTimes.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
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External links

• Official website
• Michael Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
• Michael Jackson at Allmovie
• See all music videos by MICHAEL JACKSON chronologically ordered here.