Ministry of State Property

The former Ministry of State Property building at Saint Isaac's Square
The Ministry building during the early 1900s (on the left)

The Ministry of State Property, sometimes translated as the Ministry of State Domains,[1] (Russian: Министерство государственных имуществ (МГИ), Ministerstvo gosudarstvennykh imushestv (MGI) was the ministry in the government of the Russian Empire which controlled government-owned lands and any other government property, especially farms and agricultural land, and prior to the abolition of serfdom, the government peasants that worked the lands.[2]

History

When Ministries were introduced in 1802, there was no original independent ministry to oversee state property. These powers and responsibilities were divided among the Ministry of Domestic Affairs and Ministry of Finance. Since 1811, control over government assets was exercised by the Department of State Assets of the Ministry of Finance, and later the Fifth Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery. After a nationwide crop failure and reconsideration of peasant and serf policy, an independent Ministry was created to take care of these issues, including reapportionment of land in the Tavria Governorate and encouragement of potato cultivation as an attempt to diversify Russia's crop.[3]

Founding and expansion

The Ministry of State Property was founded on 26 December 1837. In 1843, a Forest Department was added together with the Foresters' Corps. In 1845, the Agricultural Department was first organized, and from 1848 to 1856 and 1874 to 1881 the ministry also included government horse breeding facilities. In 1857, the Crimean Tatars and several Nogai murzas petitioned the Ministry for more land in order to alleviate their poverty, on the basis that their ancestors were granted titles and deeds by Catherine II and they had a legitimate claim for ownership. However, the Ministry concluded that although the Tatars possessed proof of the noble status granted to their forefathers, those ancestors were long dead and claims based on their service had no significance. Faced with no guarantee of rights from the Russian government, the Nogai obtained permission to emigrate to Turkey, and between the fall of 1859 and 1860, some 35,000 Nogai had left the region, virtually the entire population.[3] From 1873 to 1905, there was a Mountains Department, which was originally in the Finance Ministry. The Ministry also organized a Scientific Committee as a society devoted to horticulture, agriculture and economics, as well as experimental agriculture.[2]

Reorganization

On 21 March 1894, the ministry was reorganized into the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property.[4] In May 1905, the profile and status changed once again - the ministry was again reorganized into the General Administration of Land Use and Agriculture, which realized Pyotr Stolypin's agrarian reforms of the early 1900s. In October 1915, the General Administration was finally reverted to the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property.

Duties

The Ministry of State Property was charged with control of government assets (fiscal lands, articles of tribute, forests of the fiscal departments), general oversight of the carrying out of orders about forest preservation and the encouragement of forest cultivation, management of mountain and saltwater assets, protection of mineral water sources and management of Caucasus mineral waters, management of handicrafts, custody of certain groups of people, management and organization of peasants, which would enhance their welfare. In 1858, there were an estimated 19 million state peasants under the administration of the Ministry of State Property, which represented almost half of the total rural population.[1]

The Minister of Agriculture and State Property was the chief manager of mountain assets, which he had power over through the Mountains Department, where he headed the most powerful mountain management body, the Mountains Council (Russian: Горный совет), as well as the Mountain Scientific Committee, and local mountains jurisdictions.[5]

Ministers

Uniform of Ministry officials

The first Minister of State Property was Pavel Kiselyov, from 1837 to 1856.[1] From 1872 to 1879, the position was held by Pyotr Valuyev, from 1881 to 1893 by Mikhail Nikolayevich Ostrovsky,[6] from 1893 to 1905 by Alexey Sergeyevich Yermolov,[6] and from 1908 to 1915 by Alexander Krivoshein. From 1837 to 1917 there were a total of 18 ministers.

The House of the Ministry of State Assets was located on Saint Isaac's Square, 42 Bol'shaya Morskaya Ulitsa.[7]

Structure

The Ministry of State Assets contained the following departments (among other short-lived temporary ones):[2][8]

See also

References

[9]

  1. 1 2 3 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/563897/Ministry-of-State-Domains
  2. 1 2 3 Auerbach, Jeffrey A., Hoffenberg, Peter H. (2008). Britain, the empire, and the world at the Great Exhibition of 1851 (illustrated ed.). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 126–129. ISBN 978-0-7546-6241-9.
  3. 1 2 Staples, John Roy (2003). Cross-cultural encounters on the Ukrainian steppe: settling the Molochna basin, 1783-1861 (illustrated ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 86, 95, 145, 146, 171. ISBN 978-0-8020-3724-4.
  4. ↑ "§ 77. современная организация министерства земледелия и государственных имуществ.".
  5. ↑ http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geolog/1516/Горное
  6. 1 2 Witte, Sergey Yu. (1990). Sidney Harcave, ed. The memoirs of Count Witte (1990 ed.). M.E. Sharpe. pp. 154, 155. ISBN 978-0-87332-571-4.
  7. ↑ http://walkspb.ru/zd/bol_morskaya42.html
  8. ↑ Nathans, Benjamin (2004). Beyond the pale: the Jewish encounter with late imperial Russia (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-520-24232-6.
  9. ↑ Zablonsky, A. (1856). Alphabet Directory of Articles of the Journal of the Ministry of State Property from 1841 to 1856 (in Russian). Saint Petersburg.

External links

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