Minor-planet moon

243 Ida and its moon Dactyl as imaged by Galileo in 1993

762 Pulcova and satellite as seen with adaptive optics in 2000

A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. It is thought that many asteroids and Kuiper belt objects may possess moons, in some cases quite substantial in size. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights of their physical properties that is generally not otherwise possible.^[1] The first modern era mention of the possibility of an asteroid satellite was in connection with an occultation of the bright star Gamma Ceti by the minor planet (6) Hebe in 1977. The observer, amateur astronomer Paul D. Maley, detected an unmistakable 0.5 second disappearance of this naked eye star from a site near Victoria, Texas. Many hours later, several observations were reported in Mexico attributed to the occultation by (6) Hebe itself. Although not confirmed this documents the first formally documented case of a suspected companion of an asteroid.^[2] As of October 2016, there are over 300 minor planets known to have moons.^[3]

Terminology

In addition to the terms satellite and moon, the term "binary" (binary minor planet) is sometimes used for minor planets with moons, and "triple" for minor planets with two moons. If one object is much bigger it can be referred to as the primary and its companion as secondary. The term double asteroid is sometimes used for systems in which the asteroid and its moon are roughly the same size, while binary tends to be used independently from the relative sizes of the components. When binary minor planets are similar in size, the Minor Planet Center (MPC) refers to them as "binary companions" instead of referring to the smaller body as a satellite.^[4] A good example of a true binary is the 90 Antiope system, identified in August 2000.^[5] Small satellites are often referred to as moonlets.^[1][6]

Discovery milestones

As of October 2016, over 300 moons of minor planets have been discovered.^[3] These consist of:

• 61 around near-Earth objects,

• Two with two satellites: (136617) 1994 CC and (153591) 2001 SN263

• 22 orbiting Mars-crossing asteroids,

• One with two satellites: 2577 Litva

• 134 in the asteroid belt,

• Seven with two satellites: 45 Eugenia, 87 Sylvia, 93 Minerva, 107 Camilla, 130 Elektra, 216 Kleopatra, and 3749 Balam

• 18 around Jupiter trojans,
• 2 around centaurs (both in the form of ring systems that are likely contained by shepherd moons), and
• 87 moons of trans-Neptunian objects

• Two with two satellites: (47171) 1999 TC36 and 136108 Haumea
• One with five satellites: 134340 Pluto^[3][7]

Prior to the era of the Hubble Space Telescope and space probes reaching the outer Solar System, attempts to detect satellites around asteroids were limited to optical observations from Earth. For example, in 1978, stellar occultation observations were claimed as evidence of a satellite for the asteroid 532 Herculina.^[8] However, later more-detailed imaging by the Hubble Telescope did not reveal a satellite, and the current consensus is that Herculina does not have a significant satellite.^[9] There were other similar reports of asteroids having companions (usually referred to as satellites) in the following years. Also, a letter in Sky & Telescope magazine at this time pointed to apparently simultaneous impact craters on Earth (for example, the Clearwater Lakes in Quebec), suggesting that these craters were caused by pairs of gravitationally-bound objects.

In 1993, the first asteroid moon was confirmed when the Galileo probe discovered the small Dactyl orbiting 243 Ida in the asteroid belt. The second was discovered around 45 Eugenia in 1998.^[10] In 2001, 617 Patroclus and its same-sized companion Menoetius became the first known binary asteroids in the Jupiter trojans.^[11] The first trans-Neptunian binary after Pluto–Charon, 1998 WW31, was optically resolved in 2002.^[12]

Triple systems

Triple asteroids, or trinary asteroids, are known since 2005, when the asteroid 87 Sylvia was discovered to have two satellites, making it the first known triple system.^[13] This was followed by the discovery of a second moon orbiting 45 Eugenia.^[14] Also in 2005, the Kuiper belt object (KBO) Haumea was discovered to have two moons, making it the second KBO after Pluto known to have more than one moon.^[15]

Additionally, 216 Kleopatra^[16] and 93 Minerva^[17] were discovered to be trinary asteroids in 2008 and 2009 respectively. Since the first few trinary asteroids were discovered, more continue to be discovered at a rate of about one a year. Most recently discovered was a third moon orbiting the belt asteroid 130 Elektra, bringing the number of known trinary asteroids in the asteroid belt up to 6.

List of multiple minor planets:

Parent body	Parent body orbit	Satellite name	Discovery date	Announcement date	Announcement of trinary
134340 Pluto	TNO	Charon	1978/06/22	1978/07/07	2005/10/31
45 Eugenia	Asteroid belt	Petit-Prince	1998/11/01	1999/03/20	2007/03/07
87 Sylvia	Asteroid belt	Romulus	2001/02/18	2005/08/11	2005/08/11
107 Camilla	Asteroid belt	S/2001 (107) 1	2001/03/01	2001/03/19	2016/08/07
(47171) 1999 TC36	TNO	S/2001 (47171) 1	2001/12/08	2002/01/10	2007/10/??
3749 Balam	Asteroid belt	S/2002 (3749) 1	2002/02/08	2002/02/13	2008/03/12
130 Elektra	Asteroid belt	S/2003 (130) 1	2003/08/15	2003/08/17	2014/12/16
45 Eugenia	Asteroid belt	S/2004 (45) 1	2004/02/14	2007/03/07	2007/03/07
87 Sylvia	Asteroid belt	Remus	2004/08/09	2005/08/11	2005/08/11
136108 Haumea	TNO	Hi'iaka	2005/01/26	2008/09/17	2008/09/17
134340 Pluto	TNO	Nix	2005/05/15	2005/10/31	2005/10/31
134340 Pluto	TNO	Hydra	2005/05/15	2005/10/31	2005/10/31
136108 Haumea	TNO	Namaka	2005/06/30	2008/09/17	2008/09/17
3749 Balam	Asteroid belt	S/2007 (3749) 1	2007/07/15	2008/03/12	2008/03/12
(153591) 2001 SN263	Amor	Beta	2008/02/12	2008/02/12	2008/02/12
(153591) 2001 SN263	Amor	Gamma	2008/02/12	2008/02/12	2008/02/12
216 Kleopatra	Asteroid belt	Alexhelios	2008/09/19	2011/02/18	2011/02/18
216 Kleopatra	Asteroid belt	Cleoselene	2008/09/19	2011/02/18	2011/02/18
2577 Litva	Mars-crosser	S/2009 (2577) 1	2009/02/28	2009/03/11	2013/12/22
(136617) 1994 CC	Apollo	Beta	2009/06/12	2009/06/19	2009/06/19
(136617) 1994 CC	Apollo	Gamma	2009/06/12	2009/06/19	2009/06/19
(47171) 1999 TC36	TNO	S/2009 (47171) 1	2009/10/??	2009/10/??	2009/10/??
93 Minerva	Asteroid belt	Aegis	2009/08/16	2013/12/17	2013/12/17
93 Minerva	Asteroid belt	Gorgoneion	2009/08/16	2013/12/17	2013/12/17
134340 Pluto	TNO	Kerberos	2011/06/28	2013/07/02	2005/10/31
2577 Litva	Mars-crosser	S/2012 (2577) 1	2012/06/22	2013/12/22	2013/12/22
134340 Pluto	TNO	Styx	2012/06/26	2013/07/02	2005/10/31
130 Elektra	Asteroid belt	S/2014 (130) 1	2014/12/06	2014/12/16	2014/12/16
107 Camilla	Asteroid belt	S/2016 (107) 1	2015/05/29	2016/08/07	2016/08/07

Commonality

The data about the populations of binary objects are still patchy. In addition to the inevitable observational bias (dependence on the distance from Earth, size, albedo and separation of the components) the frequency appears to be different among different categories of objects. Among asteroids, an estimated 2% would have satellites. Among trans-Neptunian objects (TNO), an estimated 11% are thought to be binary or multiple objects, and the majority of the large TNOs have at least one satellite, including all four IAU-listed dwarf planets.

More than 50 binaries are known in each of the main groupings: near-Earth asteroids, belt asteroids, and trans-Neptunian objects, not including numerous claims based solely on light-curve variation.

Two binaries have been found so far among centaurs with semi-major axes smaller than Neptune.^[18] Both are double ring systems around 2060 Chiron and 10199 Chariklo, discovered in 1994–2011 and 2013 respectively.

Origin

The origin of minor-planet moons is not currently known with certainty, and a variety of theories exist. A widely accepted theory is that minor-planet moons are formed from debris knocked off of the primary by an impact. Other pairings may be formed when a small object is captured by the gravity of a larger one.

Formation by collision is constrained by the angular momentum of the components, i.e. by the masses and their separation. Close binaries fit this model (e.g. Pluto–Charon). Distant binaries however, with components of comparable size, are unlikely to have followed this scenario, unless considerable mass has been lost in the event.

The distances of the components for the known binaries vary from a few hundreds of kilometres (243 Ida, 3749 Balam) to more than 3000 km (379 Huenna) for the asteroids. Among TNOs, the known separations vary from 3,000 to 50,000 km.^[18]

Populations

What is "typical" for a binary system tends to depend on its location in the Solar System (presumably because of different modes of origin and lifetimes of such systems in different populations of minor planets).^[19]

• Among near-Earth asteroids, satellites tend to orbit at distances of the order of 3–7 primary radii, and have diameters two to several times smaller than the primary. Since these binaries are all inner-planet crossers, it is thought that tidal stresses that occurred when the parent object passed close to a planet may be responsible for the formation of many of them, although collisions are thought to also be a factor in the creation of these satellites.
• Among main-belt asteroids, the satellites are usually much smaller than the primary (a notable exception being 90 Antiope), and orbit around 10 primary radii away. Many of the binary systems here are members of asteroid families, and a good proportion of satellites are expected to be fragments of a parent body whose disruption after an asteroid collision produced both the primary and satellite.
• Among trans-Neptunian objects, it is common for the two orbiting components to be of comparable size, and for the semi-major axis of their orbits to be much larger − about 100 to 1000 primary radii. A significant proportion of these binaries are expected to be primordial.

Dwarf planets

Among the dwarf planets, it is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.^[20]

Pluto has five known moons. Its largest moon Charon is more than half the size of Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In fact, each orbits the common barycenter between them, with Pluto's orbit entirely enclosed by Charon's; thus they form a binary system informally referred to as a double dwarf planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx, are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.

Haumea has two moons with radii estimated around 155 km (Hiʻiaka) and 85 km (Namaka).

Makemake has one known moon, S/2015 (136472) 1, estimated to be some 160 kilometers (100 mi) in diameter.

Eris has one known moon, Dysnomia. Its radius, based on its brightness, is estimated to be roughly between 150 and 350 km.^[21]

List of minor planets with moons

Near-Earth objects

(357439) 2004 BL86 and its moon

Radar images of asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4 and its moon. The 'streaks' on the image are the moon's trail as it moved while the images were created.

Near-Earth encounter of asteroid (136617) 1994 CC in June 2009, showing two moons

There are 59 known near-Earth asteroids with moons (16 Amor, 36 Apollo, and 7 Aten) with a total of 61 moons.

Name	Type	Diameter (km) (or dimensions)	Name of moon	Diameter of moon (km) (or dimensions)	Separation (km)	Orbital period (hours)
1862 Apollo	Apollo	1.55 ± 0.07	S/2005 (1862) 1	0.08 ± 0.06	3.75 ± 0.25	27.36 ± 0.24
1866 Sisyphus	Apollo	8.48 ± 1.27	S/1985 (1866) 1	?	?	?
3671 Dionysus	Amor	1.43 ± 0.2	S/1997 (3671) 1	0.29 ± 0.05	3.4 ± 0.6	27.744 ± 0.0096
5143 Heracles	Apollo	3.6 ± 1.2	S/2011 (5143) 1	0.6 ± 0.3	4	15.5 ± 1.5
5381 Sekhmet	Aten	1 ± 0.05	S/2003 (5381) 1	0.3 ± 0.05	1.54 ± 0.12	12.5 ± 0.288
(5646) 1990 TR	Amor	2.68 ± 0.51	S/2012 (5646) 1	0.48 ± 0.11	5.1	19.4712 ± 0.0096
7088 Ishtar	Amor	1.39	S/2006 (7088) 1	0.58	2.8	20.6496 ± 0.0192
(7888) 1993 UC	Apollo	2.72	S/2013 (7888) 1	?	?	?
(31345) 1998 PG	Amor	0.9 ± 0.2	S/2001 (31345) 1	0.27	1.4	14.0064 ± 0.00096
(35107) 1991 VH	Apollo	1.04 ± 0.2	S/1997 (35107) 1	0.42 ± 0.08	3.26 ± 0.035	32.64 ± 0.0192
(53110) 1999 AR7	Amor	1.4	S/2015 (53110) 1	>0.6	3.8	31.32 ± 0.0192
65803 Didymos	Amor	0.75 ± 0.1	S/2003 (65803) 1	0.17 ± 0.03	1.18 ± 0.03	11.8992 ± 0.0048
(66063) 1998 RO1	Aten	0.8 ± 0.15	S/2001 (66063) 1	0.38 ± 0.08	1.2 ± 0.03	14.5392 ± 0.0192
(66391) 1999 KW4	Aten	1.317 ± 0.04	S/2001 (66391) 1	0.451 ± 0.027	2.548 ± 0.015	17.4216 ± 0.036
69230 Hermes	Apollo	0.6 ± 0.12	S/2003 (69230) 1	0.54 ± 0.12	1.1	13.8936 ± 0.00408
(85938) 1999 DJ4	Apollo	0.43 ± 0.08	S/2004 (85938) 1	0.21 ± 0.05	0.8	17.7312 ± 0.0096
(88710) 2001 SL9	Apollo	0.96	S/2001 (88710) 1	0.2	1.6	16.3992 ± 0.0192
(136617) 1994 CC	Apollo	0.62 ± 0.06	Beta (S/2009 (136617) 1)	0.113 ± 0.03	1.729 ± 0.0008	29.832 ± 0.7896
			Gamma (S/2009 (136617) 2)	0.08 ± 0.03	6.130 ± 0.108	201.024 ± 9.696
(136993) 1998 ST49	Apollo	0.69 ± 0.08	S/2012 (136993) 1	0.08 ± 0.04	?	?
(137170) 1999 HF1	Aten	3.64 ± 0.73	S/1999 (137170) 1	0.84 ± 0.2	7.3 ± 1.8	14.01696 ± 0.00408
(138095) 2000 DK79	Amor	2.18	S/2013 (138095) 1	?	?	?
(153591) 2001 SN263	Amor	2.6	Gamma (S/2008 (153591) 2)	0.46	3.804 ± 0.002	16.464 ± 0.03816
			Beta (S/2008 (153591) 1)	1.06	16.633 ± 0.163	149.4 ± 2.2872
(153958) 2002 AM31	Apollo	0.45 ± 0.05	S/2012 (153958) 1	0.11	1.5	26.304
(162000) 1990 OS	Apollo	0.3 ± 0.02	S/2003 (162000) 1	0.05 ± 0.02	0.6	21 ± 3
(162483) 2000 PJ5	Aten	0.55	S/2005 (162483) 1	0.28	1.05 ± 0.1	14.16 ± 0.0408
(164121) 2003 YT1	Apollo	1.1 ± 0.2	S/2004 (164121) 1	0.21 ± 0.06	3.93 ± 0.8	36.696 ± 1.8
(175706) 1996 FG3	Apollo	1.69 ± 0.22	S/1998 (175706) 1	0.49 ± 0.08	3 ± 0.6	16.1508 ± 0.000192
(185851) 2000 DP107	Apollo	0.8 ± 0.16	S/2000 (185851) 1	0.3 ± 0.15	2.62 ± 0.16	42.192 ± 0.0048
(190208) 2006 AQ	Amor	1.06	S/2015 (190208) 1	?	?	?
(276049) 2002 CE26	Apollo	3.46 ± 0.35	S/2004 (276049) 1	0.3 ± 0.1	4.7 ± 0.2	15.6 ± 0.096
(285263) 1998 QE2	Amor	3.2 ± 0.3	S/2013 (285263) 1	0.8 ± 0.08	6.212 ± 0.1	31.3104 ± 0.0096
(311066) 2004 DC	Apollo	0.36	S/2006 (311066) 1	0.07	0.75 ± 0.045	23.04
(348400) 2005 JF21	Amor	1.2	S/2015 (348400) 1	?	?	?
(357439) 2004 BL86	Apollo	0.32	S/2015 (357439) 1	0.07	0.5	14.4
(363027) 1998 ST27	Aten	0.8	S/2001 (363027) 1	0.12	4.5 ± 0.5	98.4
(363067) 2000 CO101	Apollo	0.62	S/2009 (363067) 1	0.04	0.61	7.2
(363599) 2004 FG11	Apollo	0.15 ± 0.03	S/2012 (363599) 1	<0.08	0.25 ± 0.05	20 ± 0.408
(374851) 2006 VV2	Apollo	1.06 ± 0.05	S/2007 (374851) 1	>0.3	1.5	5.52
(385186) 1994 AW1	Amor	0.94	S/1994 (385186) 1	0.46	2	22.3296 ± 0.096
(399307) 1991 RJ2	Amor	0.5	S/2014 (399307) 1	0.24	0.86	15.91704 ± 0.00096
(399774) 2005 NB7	Apollo	0.5 ± 0.1	S/2008 (399774) 1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.6	15.2808 ± 0.0096
(410777) 2009 FD	Apollo	0.15 ± 0.03	S/2015 (410777) 1	0.09 ± 0.03	0.25	14.4
(450894) 2008 BT18	Apollo	0.6	S/2008 (450894) 1	>0.2	1.5	28.8
(452561) 2005 AB	Amor	>1.9	S/2005 (2005 AB) 1	0.46	3.4	17.9304 ± 0.0096
(461852) 2006 GY2	Apollo	0.4	S/2006 (2006 GY2) 1	0.08	0.5	11.7 ± 0.192
1994 CJ1	Apollo	<0.15	S/2014 (1999 CJ1) 1	<0.15	0.525	30
1994 XD	Apollo	0.6 ± 0.15	S/2005 (1994 JD) 1	>0.15	0.6 ± 0.3	17.976 ± 0.006
2000 UG11	Apollo	0.26 ± 0.03	S/2000 (2000 UG11) 1	0.13 ± 0.03	0.426 ± 0.027	18.4 ± 0.144
2002 BM26	Amor	0.6 ± 0.0.3	S/2002 (2002 BM26) 1	0.1 ± 0.03	1.4	25.8 ± 0.288
2002 KK8	Amor	0.5 ± 0.02	S/2002 (2002 KK8) 1	0.1 ± 0.02	?	?
2003 SS84	Apollo	0.12 ± 0.02	S/2003 (2003 SS83) 1	0.06 ± 0.02	0.27	24
2005 YQ96	Aten	0.27	S/2014 (2005 YQ96) 1	?	?	?
2007 DT103	Apollo	0.3	S/2007 (2007 DT103) 1	>0.08	0.45	13.44
2007 LE	Apollo	0.5	S/2012 (2007 LE) 1	0.18	1.4	33.504 ± 0.48
2008 DG17	Apollo	0.38	S/2013 (2008 DG17) 1	?	?	?
2013 WT44	Apollo	1 ± 0.1	S/2014 (2013 WT44) 1	?	?	?
2014 WZ120	Apollo	0.34	S/2014 (2014 WZ120) 1	0.11	?	13.66512 ± 0.006
2014 YB35	Apollo	0.73	S/2015 (2014 YB35) 1	?	?	?
2015 TD144	Apollo	0.1	S/2015 (2015 TD144) 1	?	?	?

Mars crossers

There are 21 Mars-crossing asteroids with moons with a total of 22 moons.

Name	Diameter (km) (or dimensions)	Name of moon	Diameter of moon (km) (or dimensions)	Separation (km)	Orbital period (hours)
1139 Atami	6	S/2005 (1139) 1	5	>15	26.736
1727 Mette	10.18	S/2013 (1727) 1	2.14	21	20.9904 ± 0.0192
2044 Wirt	6.46 ± 0.58	S/2006 (2044) 1	1.62 ± 0.19	12	18.9696 ± 0.0096
2449 Kenos	6.2	S/2015 (2449) 1	?	?	?
2577 Litva	4	S/2009 (2577) 1	1.4	21	35.88 ± 0.0096
		S/2012 (2577) 1	1.2	378	5136
3873 Roddy	7.25 ± 0.24	S/2012 (3873) 1	1.96 ± 0.16	14	19.2408 ± 0.0192
5261 Eureka	1.19	S/2011 (5261) 1	0.46	2.1	16.9296 ± 0.0096
(5407) 1992 AX	3.9 ± 1	S/2001 (5407) 1	0.78 ± 0.21	5.8	13.5192 ± 0.00096
7369 Gavrilin	7.54	S/2007 (7369) 1	2.41	27	49.128 ± 0.0192
8373 Stephengould	5.29	S/2010 (8373) 1	1.43	15	34.152 ± 0.096
(15700) 1987 QD	4.15	S/2010 (15700) 1	?	?	?
(16635) 1993 QO	4.61	S/2007 (16635) 1	1.24	12	32.256 ± 0.0288
26074 Carlwirtz	3.62	S/2013 (26074) 1	?	6.1	16.1112 ± 0.0192
26471 Tracybecker	5.61 ± 0.41	S/2009 (26471) 1	2.05 ± 0.19	18	39.288 ± 0.0004
(32039) 2000 JO23	3.96	S/2007 (32039) 1	1.27	53	360
(34706) 2001 OP83	3.48	S/2005 (34706) 1	0.98	7	20.76 ± 0.0096
(51356) 2000 RY76	3.23	S/2012 (51356) 1	0.68	13	62.04 ± 0.048
(53432) 1999 UT55	2.55	S/2013 (53432) 1	0.59	4	14.1 ± 0.0096
(99913) 1997 CZ5	6.77	S/2010 (99913)	1.29	11	14.6808
(114319) 2002 XD58	2.62	S/2005 (114319) 1	?	?	?
(218144) 2002 RL66	3.46	S/2010 (218144) 1	?	?	?

Asteroid belt

There are 127 asteroids with 134 moons in the asteroid belt. Asteroids with light blue backgrounds are double asteroids, with similarly-sized components, and a Barycenter outside of the larger object. very light blue asteroids might be double asteroids, but due to errors in their size and orbit, it is uncertain.

Name	Diameter (km) (or dimensions)	Name of moon	Diameter of moon (km) (or dimensions)	Separation (km)	Orbital period (hours)	Barycenter (m from center of primary)
22 Kalliope	(215×180×150)	Linus	28 ± 2	1,095 ± 11	86.304 ± 0.024	5211 ± 1435
41 Daphne	(239x183x153)	S/2008 (41) 1	<2	443	26.4	0.6727 ± 0.1378
45 Eugenia	(305×220×145)	S/2004 (45) 1 (Eugenia II)	5 ± 1	610.59 ± 0.06	43.032 ± 0.0192	8.713 ± 6.213
		Petit-Prince (Eugenia I)	7 ± 2	1,164.42 ± 0.03	110.808 ± 0.0168	45.59 ± 45.52
87 Sylvia	(385×265×230)	Remus (Sylvia II)	10.6 ± 1.6	701.64 ± 0.02	32.952 ± 0.24	35.72 ± 20.87
		Romulus (Sylvia I)	10.8 ± 5.6	1,351.35 ± 0.01	87.696 ± 0.576	72.76 ± 139.7
90 Antiope	110±16	S/2000 (90) 1	87.8 ± 1	171 ± 1	16.5048 ± 0.000096	79530 ± 3441
93 Minerva	140	Gorgoneion (Minerva II)	3.2 ± 0.9	375 ± 16	26.7528 ± 0.0144	4.328 ± 4.464
		Aegis (Minerva I)	3.6 ± 1.0	623.5 ± 10	57.744 ± 0.048	10.25 ± 10.09
107 Camilla	(285×205×170) ± 20	S/2016 (107) 1	3.5 ± 0.5	340	12	1.381 ± 0.7178
		S/2001 (107) 1	16 ± 6	1,250 ± 10	89.328 ± 0.072	484.8 ± 635.0
115 Thyra[22]	75 ± 6	S/2016 (115) 1	?	?	?	?
121 Hermione	(254×125)	S/2002 (121) 1	32	747 ± 11	61.512 ± 0.0504	3724 ± 413.1
130 Elektra	(215×155)	S/2014 (130) 1	5.2 ±1.2	460	26.4	8.216 ± 6.395
		S/2003 (130) 1	7 ± 3	1,318 ± 25	126.192 ± 0.1272	57.42 ± 85.86
216 Kleopatra	217×94×81	Cleoselene (Kleopatra II)	6.9 ±1.6	454 ± 6	29.76 ± 0.48	60.61 ± 53.53
		Alexhelios (Kleopatra I)	8.9 ± 1.6	678 ± 13	55.68 ± 0.48	194.2 ± 139.0
243 Ida	(59.8×25.4×18.6)	Dactyl (Ida I)	(1.6×1.4×1.2)	108	36.96	9.572 ± 0.1064
283 Emma	148.1 ± 4.6	S/2003 (283) 1	9 ± 5	581 ± 3.6	80.472 ± 0.02232	173.2 ± 338.4
317 Roxane	19	S/2009 (317) 1	5.3	257	336	4793 ± 85.28
379 Huenna	92.3 ± 1.7	S/2003 (379) 1	5.8 ± 1.2	3,336 ± 54.9	2102.4 ± 0.624	972.3 ± 722.5
702 Alauda	194.73 ± 3.2	Pichi üñëm	3.51 ± 0.9	1,227 ± 24	117.936 ± 0.168	6.441 ± 5.770
762 Pulcova	137.1 ± 3.2	S/2000 (762) 1	19 ± 7	703 ± 14	106.512 ± 0.024	1690 ± 2071
809 Lundia	6.9 ± 2.4	S/2005 (809) 1	6.1 ± 2.1	15.8	15.4176 ± 0.00096	6456 ± 6197
854 Frostia	6.35 ± 0.16	S/2004 (854) 1	4.6	17	37.728 ± 0.00096	4682 ± 256.6
939 Isberga	(14.5×11.8×11.1)	S/2006 (939) 1	(3.8×3.5×3.5)	33 ± 4.5	26.6304 ± 0.000096	788.2 ± 878.9
1052 Belgica	9.79 ± 0.08	S/2012 (1052) 1	3.53	34	47.256 ± 0.0192	1522 ± 35.66
1089 Tama	10.7 ± 0.5	S/2003 (1089) 1	7.33	20.7 ± 1.3	16.4448 ± 0.00096	5036 ± 853.6
1313 Berna	10.6 ± 0.24	S/2004 (1313) 1	8.37	25	25.464 ± 0.00096	8248 ± 375.5
1333 Cevenola	17.15 ± 0.24	S/2008 (1333) 1	?	?	?	?
1338 Duponta	7.68 ± 0.06	S/2007 (1338) 1	1.77 ± 0.15	14	17.5704 ± 0.0096	169.3 ± 46.62
1453 Fennia	6.96 ± 0.39	S/2007 (1453) 1	1.95 ± 0.18	15	22.9896 ± 0.0096	322.8 ± 143.8
1509 Esclangona	7.76 ± 0.57	S/2003 (1509) 1	2.57	140	552	4907 ± 1060
1717 Arlon	9.13 ± 0.17	S/2006 (1717) 1	?	17	18.2352	?
1830 Pogson	7.89 ± 0.11	S/2007 (1830) 1	2.52	18	24.24 ± 0.0048	568.0 ± 23.19
2006 Polonskaya	4.51 ± 0.16	S/2005 (2006) 1	0.99	8.5	19.1496 ± 0.0192	88.97 ± 9.408
2047 Smetana	3 ± 0.15	S/2012 (2047) 1	0.63 ± 0.07	6.3	22.4304 ± 0.0192	57.81 ± 28.39
2121 Sevastopol	8.62 ± 0.04	S/2010 (2121) 1	3.54 ± 0.17	26	37.104	1684 ± 248.9
2131 Mayall	8.28 ± 0.07	S/2009 (2131) 1	2.15	18	23.4792 ± 0.0096	309.7 ± 7.722
2242 Balaton	5.85	S/2015 (2242) 1	>1.49	9	12.96 ± 0.0096	>139.2
2343 Siding Spring	5.11	S/2015 (2343) 1	>0.97	7	11.78904 ± 0.00288	>47.55
2478 Tokai	8.1 ± 0.02	S/2007 (2478) 1	5.83	21	25.896 ± 0.00696	5704 ± 30.77
2486 Metsähovi[23]	8.42 ± 0.03	S/2007 (2486) 1	?	?	?	?
2535 Hameenlinna	10.2	S/2016 (2535) 1	>2.2	?[24]	21.2304 ± 0.0096	>193.2
2623 Zech	7.92	S/2014 (2623) 1	?	?	?	?
2691 Sersic	5 ± 0.11	S/2011 (2691) 1	2.15 ± 0.11	12	26.808 ± 0.0096	883.8 ± 180.2
2754 Efimov	6.46	S/2006 (2754) 1	1.29	10	14.7648 ± 0.0096	79.00
2815 Soma	6.95 ± 0.09	S/2011 (2815) 1	1.74 ± 0.14	13	17.916 ± 0.00192	200.9 ± 55.7
3034 Climenhaga	9.97	S/2009 (3034) 1	?	19	18.9552 ± 0.00096	?
3073 Kursk	6.69	S/2007 (3073) 1	1.67	22	44.952 ± 0.0192	337.0
3169 Ostro	(4.4×3.4×3.2)	S/2005 (3169) 1	(4.8×2.6×2.4)	5.2	6.5088 ± 0.00096	2060 ± 134.7
3309 Brorfelde	4.88 ± 0.08	S/2005 (3309) 1	1.27 ± 0.1	9	18.48 ± 0.0096	155.9 ± 43.95
3433 Fehrenbach	7.4	S/2015 (3433) 1	2.3	14	19.6656 ± 0.0048	408.1
3673 Levy	6.17 ± 0.15	S/2007 (3673) 1	1.73 ± 0.19	13	21.6	280.4 ± 111.5
3703 Volkonskaya	3.46 ± 0.1	S/2003 (3703) 1	1.39	7.8	24	474.9 ± 38.76
3749 Balam	3.95	S/2008 (3749) 1	1.66	20	33.384 ± 0.00096	1382
		S/2002 (3749) 1	1.84	289 ± 13	1464 ± 264	26530
3782 Celle	5.44 ± 0.21	S/2003 (3782) 1	2.34 ± 0.11	18 ± 1	36.576 ± 0.0288	1327 ± 393.2
3841 Dicicco	6.02	S/2014 (3841) 1	>1.67	12	21.6288 ± 0.0192	>250.8
3868 Mendoza	9.13 ± 0.05	S/2009 (3868) 1	2.01 ± 0.18	20	24.384	211.2 ± 59.77
3905 Doppler	6.27	S/2013 (3905) 1	4.83	26	50.808 ± 0.096	8157
3951 Zichichi	6.38 ± 0.2	S/2006 (3951) 1	2.11	16	27.6 ± 0.0096	558.6 ± 50.84
3982 Kastel'	6.79 ± 0.36	S/2005 (3982) 1	?	?	?	?
4029 Bridges	7.8 ± 0.07	S/2006 (4029) 1	1.87 ± 0.16	13	16.3104 ± 0.0096	176.7 ± 49.63
4272 Entsuji	7.56	S/2015 (4272) 1	1.36	13	15.9456 ± 0.0072	75.24
4383 Suruga	6.33 ± 0.09	S/2013 (4383) 1	1.33 ± 0.13	11	16.3872 ± 0.00096	101.1 ± 33.87
4440 Tchantches	2.03 ± 0.57	S/2005 (4440) 1	0.51 ± 0.16	3.8	18.6912 ± 0.048	59.32 ± 162.8
4492 Debussy	14.6 ± 0.59	S/2004 (4492) 1	9.39	31	26.616 ± 0.00096	6514 ± 625.0
4514 Vilen	6.09	S/2015 (4514) 1	>1.58	11	16.8504 ± 0.0096	>188.8
4541 Mizuno	6.29 ± 1.34	S/2015 (4541) 1	?	?	?	?
4607 Seilandfarm	7.12 ± 0.12	S/2009 (4607) 1	2.06	19	31.632 ± 0.0192	453.0 ± 22.44
4666 Dietz	6.83 ± 0.29	S/2015 (4666) 1	?	12	16.632	?
4674 Pauling	4.46 ± 0.05	S/2004 (4674) 1	1.41	250	3120	7657 ± 249.7
4765 Wasserburg	1.76 ± 0.48	S/2013 (4675) 1	0.28 ± 0.08	2.9	15.9696 ± 0.0196	11.63 ± 30.53
4786 Tatianina	3.22 ± 0.2	S/2006 (4786) 1	0.61 ± 0.1	6.6	21.6696 ± 0.0096	44.57 ± 31.42
4868 Knushevia	1.52 ± 0.32	S/2015 (4868) 1	>0.2	2.1	11.922 ± 0.00288	>4.773
4951 Iwamoto	4.39 ± 0.02	S/2007 (4951) 1	3.34	31	118.008 ± 0.192	9478 ± 89.94
5112 Kusaji	3.27 ± 0.13	S/2016 (5112) 1	1.01 ± 0.08	7	20.74 ± 0.01	200.4 ± 70.34
5425 Vojtech	6.89 ± 0.13	S/2015 (5425) 1	1.52 ± 0.14	16	25.4304 ± 0.0196	170.0 ± 56.42
5426 Sharp	2.033 ± 0.34	S/2014 (5426) 1	?	4.5	24.2208 ± 0.0196	?
5474 Gingasen	5.05 ± 0.48	S/2008 (5474) 1	?	?	?	?
5477 Holmes	2.95 ± 0.13	S/2005 (5477) 1	1.09 ± 0.08	6.7	24.432 ± 0.0192	321.7 ± 109.2
5481 Kiuchi	7.52	S/2008 (5481) 1	2.48	15	20.8992 ± 0.0096	519.4
5536 Honeycutt	9.45	S/2016 (5536) 1	2.7	15	16.3248 ± 0.0048	435.3
5674 Wolff	4.72	S/2015 (5674) 1	>3.78	30	93.696 ± 0.192	>10180
5872 Sugano	6.06	S/2016 (5872) 1	>1.82	11	18.84 ± 0.024	>290.1
5899 Jedicke	2.54 ± 0.16	S/2010 (5899) 1	0.81	4.4	16.6992 ± 0.096	138.2 ± 25.60
5905 Johnson	4.45 ± 0.07	S/2005 (5905) 1	1.78 ± 0.18	9.3	21.7848 ±0.00048	559.4 ± 184.9
(6016) 1991 PA11	3.526	S/2016 (6016) 1	0.69 ± 0.11	7	21.3312 ± 0.0192	55.08 ± 35.39
6084 Bascom	5.96 ± 0.21	S/2006 (6084) 1	2.2 ± 0.14	20	43.512	957.7 ± 272.6
6244 Okamoto	6.69	S/2006 (6244) 1	1.67	13	20.3208 ± 0.0096	199.1
(6265) 1985 TW3	4.81 ± 0.1	S/2007 (6265) 1	1.16 ± 0.1	8	15.8592 ± 0.0096	110.7 ± 35.29
(6369) 1983 UC	4.9	S/2013 (6369) 1	1.7	15?	39.84	601.3?
6615 Plutarchos	3.14 ± 0.04	S/2007 (6615) 1	?	9.7	40.032 ± 0.096	?
6708 Bobbievaile	8.02 ± 0.02	S/2009 (6708) 1	4.57	19	24.696	2967 ± 18.73
7187 Isobe	6.05 ± 1.46	S/2012 (7187) 1	?	?	?	?
7225 Huntress	6.54 ± 0.22	S/2007 (7225) 1	1.37 ± 0.14	10	14.6712 ± 0.0096	91.09 ± 37.34
7958 Leakey	2.82 ± 0.16	S/2012 (7958) 1	0.85 ± 0.1	10	50.28 ± 0.072	266.5 ± 139.4
8026 Johnmckay	1.69 ± 0.24	S/2010 (8026) 1	?	?	?	?
8116 Jeanperrin	4.53 ± 0.08	S/2007 (8116) 1	1.49	13	36.144 ± 0.0192	446.7 ± 22.87
8306 Shoko	3.21	S/2013 (8306) 1	1.28	9.4	36.192 ± 0.0408	560.5
8474 Rettig	4.5	S/2015 (8474) 1	>3.9	14	30.54 ± 0.0096	>5520
9069 Hovland	3	S/2004 (9069) 1	0.9	7.8	30.336 ± 0.0096	205.1
9260 Edwardolson	3.98 ± 0.35	S/2005 (9260) 1	1.07 ± 0.15	7.2	17.784 ± 0.00288	137.2 ± 97.47
9617 Grahamchapman	2.74 ± 0.37	S/2006 (9617) 1	0.74 ± 0.13	5.2	19.3848 ± 0.0048	100.5 ± 103.1
9783 Tensho-kan	5.1	S/2013 (9783) 1	1.8	13?	29.568	547.5?
10123 Fideoja	3.3	S/2013 (10123) 1	1.2	13?	56.448	596.4
10208 Germanicus	3.23 ± 0.18	S/2007 (10208) 1	1.48 ± 0.11	13	58.56 ± 0.0192	1141 ± 410.8
(11217) 1999 JC4	3.3	S/2013 (11217) 1	?	6.2	19.1712 ± 0.0096	?
11264 Claudiomaccone	<4	S/2003 (11264) 1	>1.24	6	15.1104 ± 0.0096	>173.6
13123 Tyson	10.87 ± 2.26	S/2015 (12123) 1	?	?	?	?
15268 Wendelinefroger	33.83	S/2008 (15268) 1	1.03	8.7	25.08 ± 0.0192	166.0
(15430) 1998 UR31	3.74 ± 0.03	S/2010 (15430) 1	?	8.2	23.9592	?
(15822) 1994 TV15	1.69 ± 0.3	S/2010 (15822) 1	0.32 ± 0.07	3.3	20.1312 ± 0.0096	22.25 ± 32.39
16525 Shumarinaiko	5.18 ± 0.15	S/2013 (16525) 1	0.83 ± 0.11	8.1	14.4096 ± 0.0048	33.19 ± 16.30
17246 Christophedumas	4.5	S/2004 (17246) 1	1	228	2160	2475
17260 Kušnirák	4.62	S/2006 (17260) 1	1.2	7.4	14.7576 ± 0.00288	127.4
(18890) 2000 EV26	3.86	S/2014 (18890) 1	>1.04	6	14.2896 ± 0.0096	>115.1
19204 Joshuatree	5.44	S/2015 (19204) 1	?	12	20	?
20325 Julianoey	4.94 ± 1.01	S/2014 (20325) 1	?	?	?	?
21436 Chaoyichi	1.8	S/2014 (21436) 1	0.6	?	?	?
22899 Alconrad	5.54 ± 0.46	S/2003 (22899) 1	1.23	182	1344	1970 ± 496
(26416) 1999 XM84	4.56	S/2015 (26416) 1	?	?	39.288 ± 0.0096	?
(27568) 2000 PT6	1.82 ± 0.42	S/2013 (26578) 1	?	3.1	16.356 ± 0.00288	?
(31450) 1999 CU9	10.4	S/2015 (31450) 1	2.3	39	53.472 ± 0.072	417.3
32008 Adriángalád	4.23	S/2007 (32008) 1	1.69	13	40.248 ± 0.0192	779.4
(43008) 1999 UD31	2.4	S/2014 (43008) 1	0.8	?	?	?
(44620) 1999 RS43	0.66	S/2014 (44620) 1	0.2	2	?	54.15
46829 McMahon	3.06	S/2015 (46829) 1	1.22	5.4	16.83312 ± 0.00196	321.8
52316 Daveslater	3.26	S/2012 (52316) 1	0.52	4.9	13.4352 ± 0.00408	19.81
(69406) 1995 SX48	3.12 ± 0.02	S/2013 (69406) 1	0.59 ± 0.06	5.3	16.1112 ± 0.0196	35.60 ± 11.52
(76818) 2000 RG79	3.6	S/2005 (76818) 1	1.33	5.6	14.124 ± 0.000096	268.8
79472 Chiorny	3.79	S/2012 (79472) 1	?	9	25.944 ± 0.0192	?
(80218) 1999 VO123	0.28	S/2012 (80218) 1	0.08	0.9	33.12	20.51

Jupiter trojans

There are 18 Jupiter trojans with known moons.

Name	Diameter (km) (or dimensions)	Name of moon	Diameter of moon (km) (or dimensions)	Separation (km)	Orbital period (hours)
617 Patroclus	121.8 ± 3.2	Menoetius (Patroclus I)	98 ± 10	680 ± 20	102.792 ± 0.096
624 Hektor	(363×207)	S/2006 (624) 1	12 ± 3	957.5 ±55.3	71.161896 ± 0.006912
(9807) 1997 SJ4	24.68 ± 1.79	S/2016 (9807) 1	?	?	330
(13331) 1998 SU52	17.68	S/2016 (13331) 1	?	?	180
(16152) 1999 YN12	16.18 ± 0.65	S/2016 (16152) 1	?	?	11.47 ± 0.22
(17365) 1978 VF11	32.6 ± 0.61	S/2005 (17365) 1	27.5 ± 2.25	43	12.672 ± 0.0192
(21593) 1998 VL27	21.922 ± 1.292	S/2016 (21593) 1	?	?	?
(22056) 2000 AU31	24.78 ± 0.49	S/2016 (22056) 1	?	?	358
(23958) 1998 VD30	46.00 ± 1.19	S/2016 (23958) 1	?	?	>300
(24357) 2000 AC115	21.85 ± 0.50	S/2016 (24357) 1	?	?	131
29314 Eurydamas	32	S/2005 (29314) 1	24	41	15.036 ± 0.0072
(39270) 2001 AH11	17	S/2016 (39270) 1	?	?	82
(39289) 2001 CT28	13.386 ± 1.365	S/2016 (39289) 1	?	?	?
(63239) 2001 BD25	19.45 ± 0.78	S/2016 (63239) 1	?	?	60
(65223) 2002 EU34	15	S/2016 (65223) 1	?	?	252
(65227) 2002 ES46	13.58 ± 1.51	S/2016 (65227) 1	?	?	230
(65240) 2002 EU106	13.5	S/2016 (65240) 1	?	?	230
(129602) 1997 WA12	15.74 ± 0.96	S/2016 (129602) 1	?	?	43

Centaurs

There are only 2 centaurs with satellites, both of which are ring systems instead of moons.

Name	Diameter (km) (or dimensions)	Name of moon		Diameter of moon (km) (or dimensions)	Separation (km)	Orbital period (hours)
10199 Chariklo	248±18	rings	2013C1R	6.16±0.11	390.6±3.3	16.65
			2013C2R	7.17±0.14	404.8±3.3	17.56
2060 Chiron	233±14	rings	ring 1	3	324±10	33.84
			ring 2	7

Trans-Neptunian objects

There are 81 Trans-Neptunian objects with moons, with a total of 87 moons.

Name	Type	Diameter (km) (or dimensions)	Name of moon	Diameter of moon (km) (or dimensions)	Separation (km)
134340 Pluto	Plutino	2306 ± 20	Charon (Pluto I)	1207.2 ± 2.8	19,573 ± 2
			Styx (Pluto V)	18 ±10	42,487 ± 81
			Nix (Pluto II)	93 ± 47	48,841 ± 23
			Kerberos (Pluto IV)	29 ±15	57,731 ± 28
			Hydra (Pluto III)	115 ±57	64,736 ± 10
(26308) 1998 SM165	Plutino	268 ± 28	S/2001 (26308) 1	81 ± 14	11,377 ± 8
38628 Huya	Plutino	406 ± 16	S/2012 (38628) 1	213 ± 30	1740 ± 80
42355 Typhon	SDO	162 ± 7	Echidna (Typhon I)	89 ± 6	1,580 ± 20
(47171) 1999 TC36	Plutino	272+17 −19	S/2001 (47171) 1	132+8 −9	7,411 ± 12
			S/2009 (47171) 1	251+16 −17	867 ± 11
(48639) 1995 TL8	SDO	176	S/2002 (48639) 1	80	420 ± 300
50000 Quaoar	Cubewano	1070 ± 38	Weywot (Quaoar I)	81 ± 11	13,800 ± 1,000
(55637) 2002 UX25	Cubewano	665 ± 29	S/2007 (55637) 1	210 ± 30	4770 ± 40
58534 Logos	Cubewano	82 ± 18	Zoe (Logos I)	67	8,217 ± 42
(60458) 2000 CM114	SDO	167	S/2006 (60458) 1	128	2,200 ± 200
(60621) 2000 FE8	2:5 resonance	146	S/2007 (60621) 1	111	1,180 ± 80
65489 Ceto	SDO	223 ± 10	Phorcys (Ceto I)	171 ± 10	1,840 ± 44
66652 Borasisi	Cubewano	126+25 −51	Pabu (Borasisi I)	103+20 −42	4,528 ± 12
79360 Sila–Nunam	Cubewano	249+30 −31	Nunam	236+28 −29	2,777 ± 19
(80806) 2000 CM105	Cubewano	160	S/2005 (80806) 1	121	2,700 ± 300
(82075) 2000 YW134	SDO	216	S/2005 (82075) 1	75	1900 ± 300
(82157) 2001 FM185	2:3 resonance	138	S/2008 (82157) 1	120	3130 ± 90
88611 Teharonhiawako	Cubewano	178+33 −36	Sawiskera (Teharonhiawako I)	129+24 −26	27,670 ± 120
90482 Orcus	Plutino	917 ± 25	Vanth (Orcus I)	276 ± 17	9,006 ± 16
(119067) 2001 KP76	4:7 resonance	153	S/2007 (119067) 1	146	8,900 ± 100
(119979) 2002 WC19	1:2 resonance	440	S/2007 (119979) 1	139	4,090 ± 90
120347 Salacia	Cubewano	854 ± 45	Actaea (Salacia I)	286 ± 24	5,619 ± 87
(123509) 2000 WK183	Cubewano	106 ± 24	S/2007 (123509) 1	101	2,366 ± 28
(134860) 2000 OJ67	Cubewano	138 ± 32	S/2003 (134860) 1	108 ± 25	2,270 ± 30
136108 Haumea	Cubewano	1379 ± 57	Hiʻiaka (Haumea I)	320	49,880 ± 198
			Namaka (Haumea II)	160	25,657 ± 91
136199 Eris	SDO	2326 ± 12	Dysnomia (Eris I)	514 ± 221	37,580 ± 260
136472 Makemake	Cubewano	1434x1422	S/2015 (136472) 1	175 ± 75	>21,100
(139775) 2001 QG298	Plutino	135	S/2004 (139775) 1	117	172
148780 Altjira	Cubewano	246+38 −139	S/2007 (148780) 1	221+34 −125	9,904 ± 56
(160091) 2000 OL67	Cubewano	153	S/2007 (160091) 1	116	7,800
(160256) 2002 PD149	Cubewano	186	S/2007 (160256) 1	155	24,400 ± 300
174567 Varda	Cubewano	705+81 −75	Ilmarë (Varda I)	361+42 −38	4,800 ± 20
(182933) 2002 GZ31	SDO	195	S/2006 (182933) 1	123	2,060 ± 270
(208996) 2003 AZ84	Plutino	723 ± 64	S/2005 (208996) 1	72 ± 12	7,200 ± 300
(225088) 2007 OR10	3:10 resonance	1535 ± 75	S/2010 (225088) 1	300	15,000
(229762) 2007 UK126	SDO	590 ± 76	S/2008 (229762) 1	103	3,600 ± 1,300
(275809) 2001 QY297	Cubewano	169+16 −80	S/2006 (275809) 1	154+15 −73	9,960 ± 31
(303712) 2005 PR21	Cubewano	227	S/2007 (303712) 1	137	3,600 ± 300
341520 Mors-Somnus	Plutino	102	S/2007 (341520) 1	97	21,040 ± 70
(364570) 2006 JZ81	Cubewano	122+20 −12	S/2006 (364570) 1	78+13 −8	33,000 ± 2,000
385446 Manwë	4:7 resonance	160+24 −44	Thorondor (Manwë I)	92+14 −26	6,674 ± 41
1998 WV24	Plutino	110	S/2007 (1998 WV24) 1	96	1,420 ± 60
1998 WW31	Cubewano	148	S/2000 (1998 WW31) 1	123	22,620 ± 40
1999 OJ4	Cubewano?	75 ± 17	S/2002 (1999 OJ4) 1	82 ± 16	3,267 ± 60
1999 RT214	Cubewano	100	S/2006 (1999 RT214) 1	69	3,310 ± 30
1999 RY214	Cubewano	125	S/2008 (1999 RY214) 1	76	1,500 ± 200
1999 XY143	Cubewano	213	S/2008 (199 XY143) 1	179	2,670 ± 70
2000 CF105	Cubewano	63.6+1.2 −1.6	S/2002 (2000 CF105) 1	50 ± 2	33,300 ± 550
2000 CQ114	Cubewano	132	S/2003 (2000 CQ114) 1	115	6,930 ± 40
2000 QL251	1:2 Resonance	148 ± 34	S/2006 (2000 QL251) 1	143 ± 33	5,002 ± 27
2000 WT169	Cubewano	205	S/2008 (2000 WT169) 1	168	2,600 ± 100
2001 FL185	Cubewano	142	S/2006 (2001 FL185) 1	88	1,900 ± 400
2001 QC298	Cubewano	235+21 −23	S/2002 (2001 QC298) 1	192+17 −19	3,813 ± 15
2001 QQ322	Cubewano	171	S/2007 (2001 QQ322) 1	196	3,890 ± 90
2001 QW322	Cubewano	128+2 −4	S/2001 (2001 QW322) 1	126+3 −5	102,100 ± 700
2001 RZ143	Cubewano	108	S/2001 (2001 RZ143) 1	90	1,560 ± 30
2001 XP254	3:5 Resonance	108	S/2008 (2001 XP254) 1	77	1,200 ± 100
2001 XR254	Cubewano	171+32 −55	S/2005 (2001 XR254) 1	140+26 −45	2,780 ± 20
2002 VF130	?	121	S/2008 (2002 VF130) 1	105	22,400 ± 100
2002 VT130	Cubewano	251	S/2008 (2002 VT130) 1	205	2,490 ± 80
2002 XH91	Cubewano	298	S/2008 (2002 XH91) 1	185	19,900 ± 100
2003 FE128	1:2 Resonance	178	S/2010 (2003 FE128) 1	131	2,140 ± 50
2003 HG57	Cubewano	156	S/2010 (2003 HG57) 1	156	13,200 ± 50
2003 QY90	SDO	81 ± 19	S/2003 (2003 QY90) 1	80	8,549 ± 95
2003 QA91	Cubewano	188 ± 24	S/2006 (2003 QA91) 1	180 ± 35	1,900 ± 100
2003 QR91	Cubewano	207 ± 21	S/2007(?) (2003 QR91) 1	189 ± 29	1,790 ± 60
2003 TJ58	Cubewano	65 ± 15	S/2006 (2003 TJ58) 1	51 ± 12	3,840 ± 50
2003 UN284	Cubewano	124+6 −10	S/2003 (2003 UN284) 1	83+5 −7	54,000 ± 2,000
2003 WU188	Cubewano	178	S/2007(?) (2003 WU188) 1	129	1,300 ± 100
2003 YS179	Cubewano	126	S/2008 (2003 YS179) 1	110	7,830 ± 90
2003 YU179	Cubewano	146	S/2008 (2003 YU179) 1	80	2,000 ± 200
2004 KH19	Plutino	179	S/2011(?) (2004 KH19) 1	129	13,000
2004 PB108	Cubewano	243 ± 57	S/2006 (2004 PB108) 1	132 ± 31	10,400 ± 84
2005 EF298	Cubewano	138	S/2009 (2005 EF298) 1	105	7,700 ± 100
2005 EO304	Cubewano	152.4+2 −1.8	S/2005 (2005 EO304) 1	78+1.5 −1.4	69,800 ± 2,050
2005 GD187	Cubewano	123	S/2009 (2005 GD187) 1	102	7,600 ± 300
2005 VZ122	Cubewano	124	S/2008 (2005 VZ122) 1	49	2,300 ± 300
2006 BR284	Cubewano	89.8+0.8 −1	S/2006 (2006 BR284) 1	71 ± 1.5	25,300 ± 300
2006 CH69	Cubewano	100+12 −10	S/2004 (2006 CH69) 1	82+10 −8	27,000 ± 1,000
2006 SF369	1:3 Resonance	144	S/2007 (2006 SF369) 1	141	3,120 ± 80
HST5	?	135	S/2005 (hst5) 1	135	16,400 ± 1,600

See also

• Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect (YORP effect)

References

1. Dr. William J. Merline & Maria Martinez (2000-10-26). "Astronomers Image Double Asteroid". SwRI Press Release. Retrieved 2009-10-20. (mentions both 90 Antiope and 762 Pulcova)
2. Dunham, David W.; Maley, Paul D. (December 1977). "Possible Observation of a Satellite of a Minor Planet". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 5: 16–17.
3. Wm. Robert Johnston (2009-10-16). "Asteroids with Satellites". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
4. "Satellites and Companions of Minor Planets". IAU / Minor Planet Center. 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
5. "90 Antiope: Raw Keck Image". SWrI Press Release. August 2000. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
6. "IAUC 8732: S/2006 (624) 1". Retrieved 2011-01-08. (Satellite Discovery)
7. Marchis, F.; Baek, M.; Berthier, J.; Descamps, P.; et al. (2008). "Multiple Asteroid Systems: New Techniques to Study New Worlds" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
8. Satellite of Minor Planet 532 Herculina Discovered During Occultation. David W. Dunham, The Minor Planet Bulletin, Volume 6, p.13–14 (December 1978) ADS archive copy
9. Storrs, Alex Weiss; Zellner; Burleson; Sichitiu; Wells; Kowal; Tholen (1999). "Imaging observations of asteroids with Hubble Space Telescope" (PDF). Icarus. 137 (2): 260–268. Bibcode:1999Icar..137..260S. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6047.
10. "Astronomers Discover Moon Orbiting Asteroid". SwRI. 1998. Retrieved 2009-10-21. (Eugenia AO image)
11. Merline, W. J. (2001). "IAUC 7741: 2001fc; S/2001 (617) 1; C/2001 T1, C/2001 T2".
12. Chiang, E.; Lithwick, Y.; Buie, M.; Grundy, W.; Holman, M.; A Brief History of Trans-Neptunian Space, to appear in Protostars and Planets V (August 2006) Final preprint on arXiv
13. Daniel W. E. Green (2005-08-11). "IAUC 8582: Sats OF (87)". International Astronomical Union Circular. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
14. Daniel W. E. Green (2007-03-07). "IAUC 8817: S/2004 (45) 1". International Astronomical Union Circular. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
15. Franck Marchis (Principal Investigator, SETI Institute, UC Berkeley). "Franck Marchis Web Page". Department of Astronomy (University of California at Berkeley). Retrieved 2009-10-27.
16. Franck Marchis (Principal Investigator, SETI Institute, UC Berkeley) (2008-09-19). "Two Companions Found Near Dog-Bone Asteroid". SETI Institute. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
17. Franck Marchis (2009-08-21). "The discovery of a new triple asteroid – (93) Minerva". Cosmic Diary Blog. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
18. Noll, Keith S. "Solar System binaries", Asteroids, Comets, Meteors, Proceedings of the 229th Symposium of the IAU, Rio de Janeiro, 2005, Cambridge University Press, 2006., pp. 301–318 Preprint
19. T. Michałowski; et al. (2004). "Eclipsing binary asteroid 90 Antiope". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 423 (3): 1159. Bibcode:2004A&A...423.1159M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040449.
20. Bieryla, Allyson; Parker, J. W. (December 2006). "Search for Satellites around Ceres". 2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting, American Astronomical Society Meeting 209, #25.02; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 933. Bibcode:2006AAS...209.2502B.
21. Santos-Sanz, P.; et al. (2012). ""TNOs are Cool": A Survey of the Transneptunian Region IV. Size/albedo characterization of 15 scattered disk and detached objects observed with Herschel Space Observatory-PACS". arXiv:1202.1481 [astro-ph.EP].
22. Lehtinen, K; Bach, U; Muinonen, K; Poutanen, M; Petrov, L (2016 May 2). "Asteroid sizing by radiogalaxy occultation at 5 GHz". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 822 (2). Retrieved 28 October 2016. Check date values in: |date= (help)
23. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/cbet/000800/CBET000860.txt CBET 860
24. Green, Daniel. "CBET 4262". IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

• Asteroids with Satellites web page, maintained up to date by W. Robert Johnston; and references therein. (last accessed 13-03-2007)
• The VOBAD database a web page built and designed by F. Marchis and his collaborators (UC-Berkeley/SETI Institute) which contains the parameters of 169 multiple asteroid systems (last update May 9, 2009)

External links

• Orbits of Binary Asteroids with Adaptive Optics (Franck Marchis)
• Satellites and Companions of Minor Planets (CBAT)
• Asteroids with Satellites (Robert Johnston)