Monteiro's storm petrel
| Monteiro's storm petrel | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Family: | Hydrobatidae |
| Genus: | Oceanodroma |
| Species: | O. monteiroi |
| Binomial name | |
| Oceanodroma monteiroi Bolton et al., 2008 | |
Monteiro's storm petrel, Oceanodroma monteiroi, is a seabird species from the storm petrel family, Hydrobatidae. The cryptic species was once considered to be conspecific with the band-rumped storm petrel.[2] The species is apparently endemic to the Azores.
Taxonomy
The existence of a separate species was first hinted at by the discovery of two distinct breeding seasons of Oceanodroma storm-petrels in the Azores.[3] Both populations were initially thought to be of band-rumped storm petrels; however, one population breeds during the cool season, and the other during the hot season. A closer study of these two breeding populations found differences in their morphology and moult. Examination of the mtDNA found that the two populations were indeed genetically isolated, and the hot-season-breeding population was elevated to full species rank, Oceanodroma monteiroi, Monteiro's storm petrel.[2] The species is named for biologist Dr Luis Monteiro, who was the first to notice morphological and acoustic differences between the two seasonal populations from the Azores.
Breeding
Monteiro's storm petrel is known to breed on only two islets in the Azores. Like in all Procellariiformes, a single egg is laid and is incubated by both parents. Laying occurs between late April and early July (in contrast to the band-rumped storm petrel, which on these islands lays between October and December). The earliest chicks hatch in June and the last chicks fledge by October.[2] The young will return to the colony from 2 years old onwards.[4]
Foraging ecology
The species is thought to forage in the local seas all year round, possibly near the breeding sites; this is in contrast to the band-rumped storm petrel, which disperses to the West Atlantic. The diet of Monteiro's storm-petrel is unknown, but analyses of stable isotopes in the feathers suggest that it differs from that of the band-rumped storm petrel as well.[2] Monteiro's storm-petrels feed at the sea surface, but they can also forage underwater by performing shallow dives (85 cm on average).[5]
Conservation
The species has a low reproductive output due to competition with other burrowing petrels, and some years, the young and some prospectors are preyed upon by the long-eared owl. The species has been assessed as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of its small population (estimated at just 250–300 pairs in 1999) and restricted breeding range (two islets in the Azores)
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2013). "Oceanodroma monteiroi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 M. Bolton, A.L. Smith, E. Gomez-Diaz, V.L. Friesen, R. Medeiros, J. Bried, J.L. Roscales & R.W. Furness (2008) "Monteiro's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma monteiroi: a new species from the Azores" Ibis 150 (4): 717–727 doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00854.x
- ↑ Monteiro, L.R. & Furness, R.W. (1998). "Speciation through temporal segregation of Band-rumped Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma castro) populations in Azores?" Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353: 845–953.
- ↑ Bried, J., & Bolton M. 2005. An initial estimate of age at first return and breeding in Madeiran Storm Petrels Oceanodroma castro. Atlantic Seabirds 7: 71-74.
- ↑ Bried, Joël (2005) Diving ability of the Madeiran Storm Petrel. Waterbirds 28(2): 162–166. DOI:10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0162:DAOTMS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract