Muslim Rangrez
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| (35,00,000[1]) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
•  India •  Pakistan | |
| Languages | |
| • Urdu • Hindi • Bhojpuri | |
| Religion | |
•  Islam 100% • | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| • Rangrez • Muslim Chhipi • Shaikh |
The Rangrez are a Muslim community found in North India. They are also known as Sabbag.[2] Many members of Muslim Rangrez community have migrated to Pakistan after independence and have settled in Karachi, Sindh.
History and origin
The word rangrez (رنگریز) means a dyer in the Persian language, and the community has been connected with this occupation, But in present circumstances its member are involve in different different trade and other business activity . Many now claim Central Asian descent, and it is quite possible that some may be of Turkic ancestry. They may be converts from the Hindu Rangrez caste, or it is more likely that they are a community of diverse origin, who over time have evolved into a community which is now bound by rules of endogamy[3] They are now associated with the dyeing of clothes.
They have the three subdivision, the Lalgarh, Nilgarh and Chhipi, and speak Urdu, as well as local dialect's of Hindi. The basis of these social divisions is occupation. In this social hierarchy, the Chhipi are placed in the lowest position, because they dyed and printed clothes, whereas the Lalgarh and Nilgarh generally prepare colour from indigo. In fact, the Chhipi form a distinct endogamous sub-group within the larger Rangrez community. The word Rangrez has now been replaced by the word Sabbagh, which is an Arabic word meaning garden. They are a Sunni Muslim community. They also visit the shrines of various Sufi saints found in North India, such as Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. The Rangrez now have other backward caste status in most states of North India.[4]
Distribution
The Rangrez are found in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Rajasthan.[5] There are a number of Rangrez caste associations, with Rangrez Jagran Manch [6] with its head office at Batla House, Jamia Nagar in New Delhi. Mr. Rangrez Mustaquim Akhtar,[7] a social worker is its president. Conatact information for Mr. Rangrez Mustaquim Akhtar are:- Address: Near street no. 11, Main road, Nagmatia Colony, Gaya Town, state Bihar, INDIA. phone number: +919931413550. Another organisation is the Kul Hind Anjuman Sabbagh being an all India organisation of Rangrez with its headquarters at Delhi. Quite a few Rangrez have immigrated to Pakistan, where they form an important element in the Muhajir community.
Present circumstances
In Uttar Pradesh
In Uttar Pradesh, they are a landless community, involved in textile dyeing and printing. Many have given up their traditional occupation, and recent surveys show only ten percent are still involved in their traditional occupation. Many have now adopted different other occupation Rangrez specially in Rohilkhand Region are substanstially land owner and involve in different types of trade .In Pilibhit District Tehsil Puranpur where Rangrez have sizeable population and are well to do rangrez also have sizable population in Bareilly district. Tehsil baheri have good no. of population where its member are Businessman. The community is found throughout Uttar Pradesh, and are entirely belong to other backward cast. They live in multi-caste and multi-religious villages, but occupy their own distinct quarters. Most speak Urdu, as well as local dialects of Hindi, such as Awadhi.[8]
The Rangrez have their own council of elders to deal with matters relating to the community. This caste council or panchayat deals with issues such as elopment, fights, thefts and disrespect of community norms. The caste council has an elected president, secretary and treasurer, and no longer operates as a traditional caste council. They are an endogamous community, and cross cousin and parrelel cousin marriages are prevalent. Traditionally marriages take place between the Lalgarh and Nilgarh sub-groups, but not with the Muslim Chhipi. These three sub-groups are further divided into biradaris, clans which claim descent from a common ancestor. Marriages are preferred within the biradaris. Important biradaris include the saiyed, chipa, Chandelwal, Ghosi, Siddiqi, Usmani, Shaikh and Khatri.[9]
In Rajasthan
In Rajasthan, the community claim to have come from Delhi during the rule of Mohammad Ghori. They are found mainly in Alwar, Jaipur, Sikar and Sawai Madhopur districts. The community is sub-divided into several clans, known as gotras, the main ones being Lodhi, Chauhan, Bagadiya,Singhania, Mandawariya, Khokhar, Solanki, Aarbi, Salampariya and Sabuka,jajodia. They maintain a system of clan exogamy, which a practice unique to the Rajasthan Rangrez. The Rangrez are involved mainly involved in the dyeing of clothes. Like in Uttar Pradesh, the Rajasthan Rangrez live in multi-caste and multi-religious villages, but maintain a social distance with neighbouring Muslim castes such as the Meo and Manihar.,[10] the oldest Rangrez gotra is behleem in India. They came with Mahmood ghaznavi in his Indian campaign. Maximum Behaleem rangrez migrated for Pakistan during Independence(1947).
In Bihar
In Bihar, they are found in the districts of Patna, Siwan, Saran, Munger, Gaya, Bhagalpur and Muzaffarpur. They speak Urdu, as well as Magadhi and Bhojpuri. Their traditional occupation is textile dyeing and printing. Unlike Uttar Pradesh, there is no distinct caste of printers, both occupations being done by the Rangrez. The majority of the Rangrez in Bihar however no longer practice their traditional occupation. Many Rangrez are now petty businessmen, while some are cultivators.[11]
In Gujarat
In Gujarat, they are found in many districts like, Surat, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar, Patan, wagda. some of them are doing the old traditional occupation. In vadodara they are situated at the time of Sir Sayajirao Gayakwad,Some of them are lived in Patan at the time of Siddhraj Jaysing more them 200 years. In Patan you can see the Place Name "Rangrej Ki Khadaki." They are also called as "Anjuman Patni Rangrez ". From our sources i came to know that we are coming from Ajmer at the time of Sir Sayajirao Gayakwad and some of them shifted in Patan or in south Gujarat. In Surat they are situated at the time of (between 1990-1993).
See also
References
- ↑ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php
- ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1211 Manohar Publications
- ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1201 Manohar Publications
- ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1204 Manohar Publications
- ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1041 Manohar Publications
- ↑ https://www.facebook.com/rangrezs
- ↑ https://www.facebook.com/mustaquimrangrez
- ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1042 Manohar Publications
- ↑ People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three by K S Singh page 1205 Manohar Publications
- ↑ People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 709 to 712 Popular Prakashan
- ↑ People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 814 to 817 Seagull Books