Nalgonda
| Nalgonda నల్లగొండ نلگنڈہ Nilagiri Nallagonda | |
|---|---|
| City | |
|
Clock Tower in Nalgonda | |
  Nalgonda  Nalgonda Location in Telangana, India | |
| Coordinates: 17°03′N 79°16′E / 17.05°N 79.27°ECoordinates: 17°03′N 79°16′E / 17.05°N 79.27°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Telangana |
| District | Nalgonda |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council |
| • Body | Nalgonda Municipality |
| • MLA | Komatireddy Venkat Reddy |
| • MP | Gutha Sukender Reddy |
| Area[1] | |
| • Total | 105 km2 (41 sq mi) |
| Elevation[2] | 421 m (1,381 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 154,326 |
| • Density | 1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu, Urdu |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Telephone code | +91–8682 |
| Vehicle registration | TS–05[3] |
| Website | Nalgonda municipality |
Nalgonda (
pronunciation ) is a city and municipality in the Indian state of Telangana. It is the headquarters of the homonymous district, as well as the headquarters of the Nalgonda mandal in the Nalgonda revenue division.[4]
Etymology
The city's name is derived from two Telugu words: nalla ("black") and konda ("hill").[5] In the past, Nalgonda was referred to as Nilagiri. During the medieval Bahamani kingdom, it was renamed Nallagonda.[6] The name was changed to "Nalgonda" for official uses during the rule of the later Nizam kings.
History
Paleolithic Age
There is archaeological evidence that Paleolithic people lived in the area that is now Nalgonda, fashioning tools and weapons out of stone. Some of these implements have been found in the Nalgonda area, similar to those discovered at the Sloan archaeological site in Arkansas.
Neolithic Age
Traces of Neolithic culture were found at Chota Yelupu, where sling stones and other contemporary objects were excavated. Evidence of Megalithic culture was also found via the discovery of innumerable burials at various places around Nalgonda.
The Mauryas and Satavahanas (230 BC – 218 BC)
The political history of the Nalgonda district commences with the Mauryas. During the reign of Ashoka the Great, the Mauryas maintained control over the Nalgonda region. Later, the Satavahanas, who ruled between 230 BC and 218 BC, took control of the area.
During this period, the region established trade contacts with the Roman Empire.
Ikshvakus (227 AD – 306 AD)
In 227 AD, the Ikshvaku dynasty took control of the region. During this period, members of various Saka tribes migrated to the area. Buddhism flourished during this time.
Invasion of Samudragupta
After the Ikshvakus, the Pallavas and Yadavas fought for supremacy over the region. However, after Samudragupta (c. 335 AD - c. 375 AD) invaded and conquered most of India, the area fell under the control of his Gupta Empire. The Empire fell in the 6th century.
The Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas
Starting in the 6th century, the Chalukya dynasty ruled the modern-day Nalgonda region, as well as much of southern and central India. A major portion of the Nalgonda area appears to have passed from the Chalukyas of Badami to the Rashtrakutas. However, the Rashtrakutas fell in 973, and power shifted to the Chalukyas of Kalyani. The Chalukyas continued to rule the area until the end of the 12th century.
Medieval period
During the medieval era, the Kakatiya dynasty took control of the region from the western Chalukyas. During the reign of Prataparudra II, in 1323, the kingdom was annexed to the Tughluq Empire.
When Muhammad bin Tughluq ruled (around 1324-1351), Musunuri chief Kapayanayaka ceded a part of Nalgonda to Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah of the Bahmani Sultanate. He annexed the region to the Bahmani Kingdom.
In 1455, Jalal Khan he declared himself king at Nalgonda, but this was short-lived. He was quickly defeated and the region brought back to the Bahmani Kingdom.
During the time of the Bahmani Sultan Shihabud-din Mahmun, Sultan Quli was appointed as tarafdar of the Telangana region (now the state of Telangana). Quli's son, Jamshid, took control of the region from his father. Later, Qutub Shahis took control of the region, and maintained it until 1687.
Modern period: Mughals and Asaf Jahis
Nizam-ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah I) defeated Mubasiz Khan at Shaker Khere in Berar and ruled the Deccan autonomously. This district, like the other districts of Telangana, was controlled by Asaf Jahis, and remained under their rule for nearly two hundred and twenty-five years.
Geography
| JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC | YEAR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average rainfall mm | 4.1 | 4.3 | 9.2 | 15.1 | 28.7 | 103.2 | 154.7 | 147.2 | 149.6 | 105.8 | 32 | 6.6 | 760.5 |
| Record high °C (Date recorded) | 47.0
(22-05-2015) |
||||||||||||
| Record low °C (Date recorded) | 10.6
(22-12-2010) |
[7] |
Nalgonda is located at 17°03′00″N 79°16′00″E / 17.050°N 79.2667°E.[8] It has an average elevation of 420 metres (1,380 ft).
Demographics
As of 2011 census of India, Nalgonda had a population of 135,744.
Governance
The municipality of Nalgonda was categorized as a "Grade-III municipality" when it was first created in 1941. It is now a "Grade–I municipality."
Nalgonda's jurisdictional area is spread over 105 km2 (41 sq mi).[9] Its population is distributed over an area of 123.54 km2 (47.70 sq mi), which includes residents of the municipality, rural outgrowths of Nalgonda, the rural areas of Panagallu and Gollaguda, and partial outgrowths of Arjalabhavi, Gandhamvarigudam, and Massiguda.[4]
Transport
The city is connected to major cities and towns by means of road and railways. National and state highways that pass through the city are National Highway 565, State highway 2 and 18. TSRTC operates buses to various destinations from Nalgonda bus station of the city.[10] Nalgonda railway station provides rail connectivity to the city. It is classified as a B–category station in Guntur railway division of the South Central Railway zone and is located on the Pagidipalli-Nallapadu section of the division.[11]
Attractions
Nalgonda contains several religious sites, including Lateef Saheb Dargah and Kolanupaka Temple, a Jain shrine. Other attractions include the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Ethipothala Falls, a Gowthama Buddha Museum, and the Bhuvanangiri Fort, built by Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI, panagallu someswara temple.
Education
As district headquarters, Nalgonda serves as a hub for primary and secondary education for surrounding villages. Nalgonda has many primary and upper primary schools, offering instruction in Telugu, Urdu, and English.
The Nalgonda district contains one university, Mahatma Gandhi University. It also contains a number of colleges specializing in engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and sciences, as well as vocational colleges. Some of the district's colleges include:
- Nagarjuna Degree College (NG College)
- Swami Ramananda Tirtha Institute of Science and Technology.[12]
- Nalgonda Institute of Technology and Science[13]
- Ramananda Tirtha Engineering College,[12]
- Kakatiya Degree College
There are also many state government-operated schools and colleges in the city, such as Nagarguna Government Degree college.[14]
See also
References
- 1 2 "Basic Information of Municipality". Official website of Nalgonda Municipality. Government of Telangana. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ↑ "Elevation for Bhattiprolu". Velor outes. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ↑ "District Codes". Government of Telangana Transport Department. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- 1 2 "District Census Handbook - Nalgonda" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 13–14, 40, 52. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ↑ http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/india/telangana/nalgonda. Retrieved June 15, 2014. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Hyderabad State - Ghulam Yazdani - Google Books". Books.google.co.in. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. 1923. Retrieved 2014-07-30.
- ↑ "DISTRICT WISE & SUB DIVISION W". www.imdhyderabad.gov.in. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ↑ "Nalgonda". fallingrain.com. Fallingrain. Retrieved 2014-07-30.
- ↑ "Basic Information of Municipality". Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department. Government of Telangana. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ↑ "Bus Stations". TSRTC. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ↑ "Evolution of Guntur Division" (PDF). South Central Railway. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- 1 2 "Nalgonda District Official Website -villages-collector - Photos -mandals -temples - map with mandals - pin codes - edition -". Nalgonda.info.
- ↑ "NALGONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE". NALGONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE.
- ↑ "Nagarjuna Government College-NALGONDA". ngcnalgonda.org.
External links
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