Natal Light Horse

Natal Light Horse
Active	1914–1915
Country	Union of South Africa
Allegiance	British Empire
Branch	Army
Type	Mounted Infantry
Size	600 men
Engagements	First World War
Commanders
Notable commanders	John Robinson Royston

The Natal Light Horse was an irregular regiment of the South African Armed Forces formed by Colonel John Robinson Royston in August 1914 during the First World War after petitioning General Jan Smuts for special permission to do so. Opening recruiting offices in Pietermaritzburg and Durban a full roster of six hundred men was recruited within ten days. All of those enlisted had seen previous military service and included quite a number of Australians who had served under Royston during the Second Boer War and had opted to remain in South Africa at the end of that conflict.^[1]

History

Boer Rebellion

Upon recruiting his full complement Royston received orders to entrain the Natal Light Horse (NLH) for Uppington, an area near the border of German South West Africa and, in just a few days, complete with horses and machine guns the regiment detrained at De Aar Junction. Shortly after this arrival the regiment was ordered out to fight the rebel Boer General Maritz who had recruited men to the German cause and was going out in open rebellion of the South African Government. Moving north from Uppington to Bechuanaland the NLH engaged Maritz and his rebels at Kakamas mid-afternoon the next day. In this engagement the NLH successfully captured the rebel camp but failed to capture Maritz who, though wounded, got away.^[2]

After this action the NLH took up position at Kheis Drift on the Orange River with the intention of stopping General Kemp and his large rebel commando from crossing through to German territory. While at this station Royston's observation post reported a large body of men approaching carrying a white flag and wearing white arm bands such as those displayed by the South African Forces. Taking this group as being members of a detachment he was expecting Royston allowed the group into his outpost. Unfortunately this was actually an advanced guard of Kemp's commando who suddenly dismounted and began to send volley fire into the ranks of the NLH, five of whom were killed ( JA Antel, WJ Bands, CV Daly, W Speight and EV Wentworth) and another seven wounded. The NLH response was swift. Returning fire they repelled the commando with losses of forty to fifty men at the same time successfully defending Kheis Drift and preventing Kemp from crossing into German South West Africa.

South West African Campaign

After the successful defence of Kheis Drift the NLH entrained for Cape Town where they spent Christmas before being shipped to Lüderitz in South West Africa to join an army group in the southern sector known as Central Force.

Central Force soon thereafter began a pursuit of the retreating forces but found they were severely hampered by lack of water at the wells and soaks en route. To circumvent this lack of water the NLH was ordered to join a flying column consisting of three brigades of light horse and one field battery.

The NLH joined a rifle brigade, now commanded by Royston and also comprising the Umvoti Mounted Rifles and the 2nd Imperial Light Horse with Lt Col. W. Park Grey taking over as Commanding officer of the NLH upon Royston's promotion to Brigadier. Leaving Aus on 15 April 1915 the flying column began an epic pursuit covering 185 kilometres (115 mi) of difficult terrain in just four days. It then travelled via Kubis to Bethanie, Bescondermaid and Berseba, arriving at Grudorn on 26 April 1915.^[3]

Action at Gibeon

Discovering that the Germans, unaware of the nearby Flying Column, were planning on leaving Gibeon that night, Central Force moved at speed to trap the Germans. Arriving at Gibeon undetected, Central Force opened the attack by blowing up the railway line to Windhoek sending Royston's rifle brigade in after the demolition team with orders to cut the German line of retreat. Reconnaissane by this unit was poor and they were ambushed by an enemy machine gun detachment who wreaked havoc on the South African troops. In the ensuring confusion a squadron of the NLH was forced to surrender and the remainder of the brigade withdrew to await daybreak. Believing that they had defeated the wider South Africa force, the Germans did not immediately withdraw from Gibeon, allowing another Central Force Brigade to begin an attack from the south. A running fight ensured. Meantime, Royston had re-mustered his troops and rejoined the attack, forcing the Germans, who had lost a quarter of their force to casualties, their artillery and machine guns, to make good their escape. The South Africans lost 24 men killed but recovered the captured squadron of the NLH.^[4]

Disbandment

The action at Gibeon cleared the region of German forces, thus reducing the German threat. With the bulk of the resistance in South West Africa ending by May 1915, the NLH ceased to take part in any further fighting and remained camped at Fish River where they enjoyed shooting game. In June 1915 the regiment was shipped back to Cape Town then returned to Pietermaritzburg by rail where it was disbanded and all men discharged. Royston, however, was still keen to help the British cause and, with the support of friends in Pietermaritzburg, raised funds which enabled him to recruit a contingent of men to travel overseas to assist Great Britain. This contingent, which included a number of those who fought with him in the NLH, was shipped to London. Upon arrival, however, Royston was persuaded by the British Prime Minister that the concept of an independent regiment was not feasibile due to the high attrition rates on the Western Front. As such Royston's Horse never formally existed as a fighting unit, with the bulk of the recruits being dispersed into London-based regiments and Royston being sent to Palestine to take command to the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade.^[5]

Notes

1. Devitt 1937 & Jones 1988 in Bell 2007
2. Devitt 1937 pp.81–85 in Bell 2007
3. Paterson in Bell 2007
4. Paterson in Bell 2007
5. Devitt, N. 1937 & Bell 2007

References

• Bell, K.M. (2007) "A Private From the Suffolk Regiment" Suffolk Records Office Reference GB554/Y1/515
• Devitt, N. (1937) 'Galloping Jack' The Reminiscences of Brig. Gen. John Robinson Royston CMG, DSO
• Jones, I. (1988) 'Royston, John Robinson (1860–1942)' Australian Dictionary of Biography
• Paterson, H. 'Military History Journal – Vol 13 No. 2 South African National Museum of Military History