Nigamananda Paramahansa

Not to be confused with Nigamananda Saraswati.
Swami Nigamananda
স্বামী নিগমানন্দ

(Paramahansa Shrimad Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Deva)
Born Nalinikanta Bhattacharya
(1880-08-18)18 August 1880
Kutabpur, Nadia, Bengal, British India
Died 29 November 1935(1935-11-29) (aged 55)
Kolkata, Bengal, British India
Titles/honours Paramahansa, Sadguru
Guru Bamakhepa, Sachidananda Saraswati, Sumeru Das Ji, Gouri Maa
Philosophy Tantra, Jnana (Vedanta), Yoga, Prema or Bhakti
Notable disciple(s) Durga Charan Mohanty, Anirvan
Quotation My dear children! Life in the household is beset with many trials and tribulations. In spite of all these turmoils it has one advantage to provide – it can bring opportunities for realization of God and self.

Swami Nigamananda Paramahansa (18 August 1880[1] – 29 November 1935[2]) (Bengali: স্বামী নিগমানন্দ পরমহংস) (Hindi: स्वामी निगमानंद परमहंस) was an Indian sadguru, yogi, mystic and a Hindu spiritual leader well known in Eastern India.[3][4][5][6] He was associated with the shakti cult and viewed as a perfect spiritual master of tantra, gyan, yoga and prema or bhakti.[7][8][9][10][11] His followers idealized him as their worshipped and beloved thakura (ठाकुर).

Nigamananda was born into a Bengali Brahmin family in the hamlet of Kutabpur in Nadia district (at present Meherpur district Bangladesh). He was a sannyasi from Shankar's cult. After his ordination as a sannyasi, he came to be known as Paribrajakacharya Paramahansa Srimat Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Deva(परिब्राजकाचार्य परमहंस श्रीमद स्वामी निगमानंद सरस्वती देव).[2]

Nigamananda's followers believe that he achieved siddhi (perfection) in four different sadhanas (spiritual disciplines): tantra, gyan, yoga and prema.[12][13] Based on these experiences, he wrote five Bengali language books: Brahamcharya Sadhana (ब्रह्मचर्य साधन), Yogi Guru (योगिगुरु), Gyani Guru (ज्ञानीगुरु), Tantrika Guru (तांत्रिकगुरु), and Premik Guru (प्रेमिकगुरु).[14][15][16] Nigamananda reportedly experienced the state of Nirvikalpa Samadhi.[17]

After retiring from Saraswata Matha, Nigamananda spent the last fourteen years of his life in Puri. Durga Charan Mohanty, a school student, met him at Nilachala Kutir in 1930 and recognized him as sadguru.[18] Mohanty became Nigamananda's disciple and wrote books for Nigamananda's establishment Nilachala Saraswata Sangha and translated Nigamananda's Bengali books into Odia. Under Mohanty's encouragement, more than 100 ashrams operate in Orissa. Mohanty continued to spread the message of Nigamananda until his death on 7 Dec 1985.[19]

Life

Childhood, studies and service life (1880–1901)

कुतबपुर-Kutabpur(Gurudham), the birthplace of Swami Nigamananda in dist. Nadia

At his birth, Nigamananda was named Nalinikanta (নলিনীকান্ত, ନଳିନୀକାଂତ, नलिनीकांत - in Hindu meaning is: Lotus, water),[20] per the wishes of his father, Bhuban Mohan and the advice of his father's guru, Swami Bhaskarananda Saraswati.[21] At the age of thirteen (1893) Nalinikanta lost his mother Manikya Sundari Devi to cholera, pushing him into depression.[22][23] In 1894-95 he passed the student scholarship examination and studied at Meherpur High School. In 1895 he entered Dhaka Asanulla Engineering College. In 1897 his father married him to a thirteen-year-old girl named Sudhansubala Devi of Halisahar. He completed his study in 1899 and joined a service in the District Board of Dinajpur, the estate of Rani Rashmoni.[24] At the end of Vadra, 1901 (approximately five years after marriage) when he was serving as the supervisor of the Narayanpur Estate (Zamindari),[2][22][25] Nalinikanta saw the shadowy image of his wife standing at the table glowering and silent while she was away at Kutabpur (Nalinikanta's village). He went to Kutabpur to inquire and learned that she had died just an hour before his vision. He unsuccessfully attempted to reach his wife through occult science.[26]

Turning point

Until he lost his wife, Nalinikanta had seen death as the ultimate end. Losing her led him to believe that there must be life after death.[27] Nalinikanta became obsessed with this question. His inquiry took him to Madras (now Chennai) to study theosophy at the Theosophical Society at Adyar.[28] Through a medium, he was able to talk to his wife, but remained unsatisfied. His discussions at the society led him to search for a yogi who could fulfill his desire to meet his dead wife and educate him in the true philosophy of "life after death".

Spiritual experience (1902–1905)

"Nalinikanta" took to asceticism and named after Nigamananda in 1904 (on the 11th Vadra in 1309 BS)[18]

I had ramble like a mad chap caring little for bodily comforts for god and guru(master). God never descended for a moment to assist me. The day I traced my guru and received His blessings, things turned in my favour. Prior to that although I had undertaken various practices they did not yield any result. As soon as I come under the guidance of my gurudev(master) whatever practices I followed, I got success in each of them. It is therefore very importance that a blessing of guru is very essential for success in spiritual sadhana - SWAMI NIGAMANANDA[29][30][31]

One night Nalinikanta dreamed of a sadhu with a brilliant aura. He woke up to find the sadhu standing beside his bed. The sadhu handed him a bael leaf with a mantra written on it and then vanished. Nalinikanta asked many to help him understand its meaning. Finally he met Bamakhepa, a famous tantrik of Tarapith, Birbhum district.[22][23][32] Nalinikanta took initiation (dikhshya) from Bamakhepa and was directed to chant his mantra for 21 days.[33] Under Bamakhepa’s guidance he had physical darshan of Tara Devi in the form of his wife.[23][34] This darshan led him to another mystery. He saw Tara Devi coming out of his body and mingling with him. To solve this mystery, Bamakshepa advised Nalinikanta to attain the knowledge of Advaita from a vedantic guru. In 1902 he searched for a jnani guru.[22] He met guru Satchidananda Saraswati at the holy place of Pushkar in the Indian state of Rajasthan. He realized that Satchidananda Saraswati was the sadhu who had given him the Tara mantra in his dream. Nalinikanta became his disciple,[35][36] and learned the theories of Brahma (god as the formless one), Brahma sutras and vedanta. He was initiated by the Satchidananda into renunciation and according to that principle changed his name to Nigamananda.[37]

Satchidananda directed Nigamananda to undertake pilgrimages to the four institutions (Char Dham) of religious seats and realize for himself the significance of each, as the Hindus held these places of worship sacred.[38] After these pilgrimages, he returned to the ashram.

On his arrival at the ashram, Sachidananda reviewed Nigamananda’s pilgrimages and said: "My boy! You have travelled widely and seen the religious places and acquired knowledge and experience. All that I had to teach you has been accomplished but it is for you now to put my teachings into practice. You have to experience for yourself the truth of your being and this can only be done through concerted efforts as well as the practice and observance of yogic principles. Thus you now have to seek out a guru who will provide you the proper guidance in this line.[39]

Gauhati(Assam)-Kamakhya Hill: This is the place, where Nigamananda experienced Nirivikalpa Samadhi (निर्बिकल्प समाधि)and the place is identified by government of Assam in 2012.[40]

Again Nigamananda went out to seek a guru. In 1903 he met a "yogi guru" (yoga master) - whom he called "Sumeru Dasji" (otherwise known as Koot Hoomi Lal Singh or Kuthumi). Nigamananda was accepted as his disciple. Under Das's guidance he learned yoga.[41] After hard practice, in the month of Poush 1904, Nigamananda was able to master Savikalpa samadhi (the trance in which the yogi loses his body consciousness and acquires a transcendental consciousness while retaining his individual identity). Soon after Nigamananda desired to experience the state of Nirvikalpa - the most advanced of yogic samadhis at Kamakshya, Guwahati Assam (Nilachal Hill).[22][42][43] Nigamananda followers believe that he did enter by way of this samadhi and was returned into his body with the residual consciousness of "I am the master or guru" and in yoga he had visualized and practically understood in his own body his guru's vedic knowledge.[44][45][46][47]

(The place "Nirvikalpa samadhi" experienced by Swami Nigamananda has been identified. Assam Governor Janaki Ballav Patnaik inaugurated the Nirbikalpa Sidhi Sthal of Swami Nigamananda at Nilachal Hills in Kamakhya Dham, Guwahati on 20 December 2012.[48][49])

In 1904, he was in Kashi (now known as Varanasi), when goddess Annapurna appeared in another dream and told him that[50] his knowledge was limited to formless god and not gone beyond that, hence he was still incomplete.[51] He accepted her challenge and traveled to Gouri devi (a siddha yogini) to learn bhava sadhana. Gouri devi accepted him as disciple and taught him bhakti or prem (eternal nature of divine love play) to understand the physical world as the transformation of god in bhava sadhana.[52][53]

Nigamananda's long and continued search for his guru, resembled the search undertaken by his future disciples to find him.[54][55][56]

Recognition as paramahansa (1904)

In 1904 Nigamananda went to Allahabad to see kumbha mela and learned that his master Sachidandand was in the area, staying with Sankaracarya of Sringeri Matha. He found Sankaracarya (mahant or superior) sitting on an elevated throne surrounded by 125 monks, including his guru. Seeing him, Nigamananda went first to pay his respects to his guru, and then to the higher-ranking mahant. The sadhu were upset by this perceived disrespect in not honoring the "mahant" first, but in response Nigamananda quoted the scripture: "Mannatha shri jagannatha madguru shri jagadguru madatma sarvabhutatma tasmai shri gurave namaha (मनाथह श्री जगन्नाथ मदगुरु श्री जगदगुरु मदात्मा सर्वभूतात्मा तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः)", meaning, "My guru is highest in whole world, hence I should respect my guru first".[57][58][59] Nigamananda further explained to the sadhu assemblies that "on the basis of the vedanta philosophy there was no difference between his 'Guru' (Shri Sachidanand Saraswati) and 'Jagadguru' (Shri Shankarcharya)".[60][61]

Jagadguru Sankaracarya endorsed this response and recognized Nigamananda as one who had achieved spiritual enlightenment.[62] Jagadguru conferred him with the title "paramahansa" and came to known as "Paribrajakacharay Paramahansa Shree Mad Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Deva" (परिब्राजकचार्य परमहंस श्री मद स्वामी निगमानंद सरस्वती देव).[63][64][65]

Death (1935)

Nigamananda spent the last fourteen years of his life in Puri.[66] He died in Calcutta on 29 November 1935.[2]

Nigamananda's followers honor his memory, and gather at annual congregations (sammilani),[67] and other ceremonial occasions.

His ashram at Halisahar,[2][68][69] Saraswata Matha (previously Shanti Ashram) in Jorhat and Sundarbans are places of pilgrimage.[70][71]

Mission

Nigamananda's mission was to propagate sanatana dharma (सनातन धर्म), the spiritual foundation of the Hindu religion, to spread the "right kind of education" (सत् शिक्षा बिश्तार) among people, to publish spiritual literature with emphasis on character building and to provide "service to all created beings" (नर देहे नारायण सेवा), with the attitude of serving the indwelling God.[72]

In order to realize these objectives he enjoined his devotees to "lead an ideal family life" (आदर्श गृहस्थ जीवन गठन), to combine the power of spiritual associations (संघ शक्ति प्रतिष्ठा) and "to share or exchange spiritual feelings among the disciples" (भाव बिनिमय).[73][74][75]

Jayaguru (जयगुरु ଜୟଗୁରୁ)

To achieve the above objectives, he initiated thousands of interested men and women of all walks of life and taught them his spiritual practices. They were devoid of sectarian bias in that they did not provide a complete package of worship, prayer and meditation. He encouraged his disciples to meet periodically in groups (sangha) of three or more to offer prayer and worship to the guru, to exchange spiritual experiences and to chant "jayaguru" (जयगुरु ଜୟଗୁରୁ),[76] a non-sectarian word he invented, meaning "Glory due to the Master". He instructed them to read spiritual books and devise ways and means for managing matha and ashrams and pledging to lead the life of a spiritually inspired ideal householder. He advised his disciples that the glory of God or Guru is experienced through the medium of the word "jayaguru". One can reach at God through this name since God is the Guru or Master of the Universe. People belonging to any sect or creed can accept this name without any risk to their progress in the religious life.[77]

Philosophy and teachings

Krishna had told Arjuna about the relationship between Guru and God during the course of His teaching. He had used the word "AHAM" when He meant Himself as Guru and "TAT" when He meant God. He mentioned God in the following verses: tat-prasadat param santim sthanam prapsyasi sasvatam (Bhagvad Gita 18.62).[78]

Nigamananda was a sanyasi of the Adi Shankara cult. He studied vedanta philosophy due to Shankaracharya after he was initiated as a sanyasi of that order.[79]

Nigamananda's core-teachings were that guru and istha are identical and that disciples should adopt ideals of Lord Shankar (i.e. the path of gyan) and ideals of Lord Gaurang (i.e. the path of bhakti). He indicated that Shankar's disciplines were difficult and that Lord Gaurang offered an easier path. According to Nigamananda, Shankar and Gaurang provide a sweet combination of Gyan and Bhakti to lead the world in the right way.[80]

Nigamananda's philosophy and teachings as per Chetanananda Saraswati are explained here:

Avatar and Sadguru

Nigamananda never admitted that he was God-incarnate or an Avatar (अवतार) although many disciples fancied him as one.[81] He stated that an incarnation is an exclusive descent of God on earth to uphold spiritual order. Although he could, the Avatar ordinarily does not enlighten or guide individuals. Through his agency righteousness is established and demonic forces are destroyed. Nigamananda wanted to be treated as a Sadguru (a perfect spiritual Master, also one form of God) who, on account of his quest over a succession of births and deaths, attained the knowledge of his Swaroop स्वरुप (true or potential nature, i.e., supreme universal consciousness). Scriptural evidence shows that Gautam himself had to pass through many births before realising the truth and becoming the Buddha.[82] Nigamananda further pointed out that an Avatar does not always remain in the state allowing leela (divine play.)[83]

Sadguru, Jagadguru and God

According to Nigamananda the disciple should take his Guru to be the Jagadguru (or the World Master, the Purushottama) and not an ordinary human being, in tune with Krishna's statement in the Bhagavadgeeta:[84]

He who truely knows My birth and activities to be divine is not born again but attains to Me – Bhagavadgeeta (4.9).[85]

Patanjali's aphorism expands this idea: "By contemplating on the form of one who has no attachments, concentration of mind is attained", Nigamananda advised his disciples to meditate on his physical form such that all the admirable qualities and attributes in him would get automatically transferred into their beings and fashion their souls.[86] Further he assured that because he had, by employing three modes of spiritual practice, simultaneously experienced the nature of Brahman (ब्रह्म), Paramatma (परमात्मा) (supreme universal self) and Bhagawan (भगवान) (personal and universal Godhead.) He proclaimed that his disciples would simultaneously have such an experience. That, he said, "was his only expectation from his disciples and he would love to wait for the day to see that fulfilled".[87]

Order of Spiritual Attainments

According to Nigamananda, the theory of self-realization requires expanding the individual self to the status of the supreme universal self. The expansions can be directly practiced only by the most competent among the aspirant samyasis by means of precise intellectual inquiry, analysis and deep meditation, although service to the Master is the key to success in such pursuits as well.[88] However, Nigamananda pointed out that true transcendental divine love and ecstasy could be properly experienced by the most fortunate ones only after they had attained monistic realization of the supreme as declared by Lord Krishna himself in the Bhagavadgeeta:

Having realized the state of oneness with the supreme self or Parabrahman and attaining tranquility in spirit, the aspirant neither grieves nor desires and regarding all beings as alike he attains supreme devotion to Me - Bhagavadgeeta (18.54).[89]

Reconciliation of Monistic and Dualistic Pursuits

Unlike saints who recognized and preached a diversity of doctrines for self / God realisation and offered multiple paths to attain them, Nigamananda suggested the realisation of the oneness of self and the supreme universal self (or Parabrahman-परंब्रह्म) as the true and the highest goal of human life.[90]

For most aspirants the path is one of true devotion to the perfect spiritual master (Sadguru) who initiates them. Rendering personal service to the Master and invoking his grace through prayers, chanting and simple meditation are the chief modes of spiritual practice for them. They will acquire non-dualistic realization that their Master is a realized soul (Brahmajnani-ब्रह्मज्ञानी) and experience bliss due to intense love for him over the course of time, when they are enabled to participate in his Leela (love play-लिला) for helping others.

Nigamananda pointed out that the path shown by Gouranga, who practiced and preached unconditional devotion and love for God, was rather narrow, inasmuch as it was directed to Sri Krishna as the only God. In order to broaden that path, Nigamananda suggested taking the master as an embodiment of Sri Krishna (or any other deity whom the aspirant loved), in which case the guide himself becomes the goal. In this way Nigamananda convincingly reconciled the two apparently contradictory creeds of Shankaracharya and Gauranga who advocated the principle and practice of apparent duality between the devotee and God. After all, Nigamananda pointed out that in the path of devotion and love the aspirant has to subdue or tame his ego adequately and hence he attains to the same stage as that of the monastic aspirant whose ego loses its identity on attaining to his goal. In the former case, the devotee's individuality is reduced to a trifle, overpowered by personal god-consciousness, whereas in the latter the aspirant loses his self-consciousness in the ocean of impersonal universal consciousness.[91]

Jnanachakra[92]

Nigamananda pointed out that although the doctrine of monastic vedanta philosophy treats the supreme reality in terms of oneness of individual and universal consciousness, it does not systematically explain the structure of the material creation that is addressed by Samkhya philosophy.[93]

This latter does not treat the supreme reality as well. Similarly, whereas Christianity emphasizes service and surrender as means to God realization, the Indian philosophy of Poorva Mimamsa prescribes various rituals for the attainment of personal and collective happiness despite cycles of birth and death.

By means of a Jnanachakra (ज्ञानचक्र)[94] chart (the spheres of spiritual cosmology) which he presented in a pictorial form, Nigamananda identified different layers of consciousness inter-woven in the microcosm (body) and the macrocosm (the universe) and pointed out the levels that aspirants ultimately attain. In this chart he placed Sri Krishna and Sri Radha (or the Guru-गुरु and Yogamaya-योगमाया) in the transition between the non qualified (Nirguna) Brahman (निर्गुण ब्रह्म)[95] and qualified (Saguna) Brahman (सगुण ब्रह्म),[96][97] which he called Nitya or Bhavaloka (भाव लोक).[98] (Yogamaya is a form of divine power,[99] which incessantly attracts earth-bound souls and helps them realise their true blissful nature and participate in divine play).

A Paramahamsa can be accepted as a perfect man and is to be considered as the God-man. At this he remains in "Chinmaya" form i.e. eternal body and becomes the fountain of love (Prem).[100][101]

Other key teachings

Other key teachings of Nigamananda as stated by Chetnananda Saraswati are:

Yoga, theories and techniques

The following theories are collected from the Oriya book Shri Shri Thakur Nigamananda (श्री श्री ठाकुर निगमानंद) and the writer, Durga Charan Mohanty-Banamali Dash:

Theory of jibanamukta upasana

One of Nigamananda's major precepts was the theory of Jibanamukta Upasana (जीवनमुक्त उपासना), which he believed could lead the sadhaka to quick self-realization.[88][105]

Karmic theory

According to Nigamananda, karma is of three kinds viz. kriyaman, sanchita and prarbdha. Enjoying the results of one's labour while alive is kriyaman; death before enjoyment produces sanchita karma or accumulated labour. Enjoying accumulated karma after rebirth is prarbdha. By virtue of sadhana, the effects of kriyaman and sanchita can be wiped out during a life but it is not possible to erase prarbdha. A person possessed with worldly ambitions is sure to continue the endless journey of birth and death. Jivatma leaves the gross body to travel in the spirit world or pret lok (ghost world). After undergoing karmic effects, it returns to the physical world with a body for the fulfillment of desires from its prior incarnation. How it moves from one world to another is a mystery. Yogis can perceive the mystery and tell the past sanskar of jiva.[106][107][108]

On death

Nigamananda said that one should remember that death is coming. Before working on good or evil deeds one should also remember that death is not far off. Contemplating death drives away the desire for sensual pleasure and evil thoughts and stops acts of injustice. Attachment to wealth and relations will then diminish. Earthly matters remain even after departure from this world. Only spiritual wealth remains as an asset to the individual. Those who have puffed with pride on account of their accomplishments will submit to the God of death meekly when that hour comes. Drunk with pride, some persons ill-treat their brethren. They will be left in the deserted crematory ground with the beasts and birds joyously waiting to feast upon their flesh. Thinking of this will drive evil thoughts from the mind.[109]

Yoga

Nigamananda wrote a great deal on Yoga. His theories and techniques can be found in his book "Yogi Guru".[110][111][112] Samples:

Hatha yoga and Laya yoga

Hatha yoga can be carried out when the body is made fit for the purpose. The body should be cleansed first of impurities through sat sadhna, the six elementary practices of yoga. Hatha yoga is completely different from laya yoga. Hatha yoga can make the body strong, enabling it to survive for four hundred years or more, whereas laya yoga helps the aspirant to attain union with the supreme. If the body is not kept purified both externally and internally with hatha yoga, attempting laya yoga would yield no result.[113][114]

Dharana and dhyan

Nigamananda taught that the breathing system is closely connected with the intricate workings of the mind. Therefore, practice of pranayama leads to calmer breathing and thereby maintains tranquility of mind. Mind is subjected to forces of disturbed thoughts owing to irregular breathing. He said "I had applied myself to the higher practices of yoga, thereafter, i.e. dharana and dhyan (meditation)". The sadhaka is likely to peril his life if he does not take assistance of another during these advanced practices. During Dhāraṇā, the sadhaka experiences his own progress and when the estimated height in sadhana is achieved, he enters into successive steps of progress. While being absorbed in the practice of dhyan, the sadhaka may cross over to the state of samadhi. When he achieves this state of consciousness is not predictable. Until samadhi, the sadhaka gropes in the darkness aided by Guru.[115][116]

Sampragyant samadhi

Nigamananda pointed out that if earlier practices are perfected, the succeeding steps yield lasting results. The sadhaka enters samadhi as a matter of his own experience, including the awakening of kundalini. The upward and downward motion of kundalini[117][118] is called Sampragyant Samadhi (सम्प्रज्ञात समाधि).[119][120]

Works

Institutions founded

Garohill Yoga Ashram

Nigamananda founded his first Yoga Ashram in 1905 (1312 BS) at Kodaldhoa in Garo Hills, which is called now "Garohill-Yogashrama" (गारोहिल योगाश्रम). His famous book "Yogi Guru" (योगिगुरु), was written and composed here in 14 days.[16][121][122][123]

Saraswata Matha

Main article: Shanti Ashram
Shanti Ashram now known as Assam Bangiya Saraswata Matha Established by Swami Nigamananda in 1912 ES[24]

Nigamananda founded Shanti Ashram (शांति आश्रम) in 1912 at Jorhat to fulfill his three missions, to propagate Sanatana Dharma (spreading eternal religion), spreading true education and serve everybody as god incarnate.

He took a plot of land of Jorhat in Sibsagar district and founded this ashram there on Akshaya Tritiya, in the month of Baishakh (in 1319 BS according to Bengal calendar). This was called “Shanti Ashram” or Saraswata Matha (सारस्वत मठ), which went by the name of Assam-Bengal Saraswata Matha (आसाम बंगीय सारस्वत मठ) in the later years.[24] [124][125] Rishi Vidyalaya was an important school founded under this matha for yoga training.[126][127][128]

Retirement

Nigamananda initiated ten devout disciples into sanyas in the tradition of the "Saraswati" by order due to the great Sankaracharya, the juniormost among whom was "Swami Nirvanananda Saraswati"[129] (an erudite scholar, philosopher and writer who became famous as Anirvan later on) and "Swami Prajnananda Saraswati". Swearing in Swami Prajnanandaji as the mahant and Trustee of the "Saraswat Matha and Ashrama Establishments".[130] Swami Nigamananda retired and resided in Nilachala Kutir in Puri for several years, till 1935.[131]

Swami Nigamananda's monastic organization Assam Bangiya Saraswata Matha at Kokilamukh, Jorhat, India completed 100 years in 2011
100 Years of Saraswata Matha (1912–2011)

This Institution(Shanti Ashram) or "Saraswata Matha" founded by Swami Nigamananda in 1912(1319 BS) reached its hundredth anniversary on Akshaya Tritiya Baishakh, 2011 (1418 BS), i.e. 6 May 2011.[18][132]

Nigamananda said, this matha is very dear to my heart, I can sacrifice my life hundred times for the sake of this matha.[133]

Nilachala Saraswata Sangha

Nigamananda accepted Jagannatha culture and advised his disciples to worship him according to their state/country's culture. He believed that Lord Jagannath is the "symbol of truth".[134][135]

The day Sravan Purnima (fullmoon day), on 24 August 1934 Friday, Nilachala Saraswata Sangha (NSS - नीलाचल सारस्वत संघ - ନୀଳାଚଳ ସାରସ୍ବତ ସଂଘ ପୁରୀ ) was established by Nigamananda at Nilachala Kutir (नीलाचल कुटीर-ନୀଳାଚଳ କୁଟିର), Puri.[136][137][138] The Oriya devotees gathered there to celebrate his birthday. He advised them to form a religious circle. As per his wishes devotees started an association for religious talk and thus Nilachala Saraswata Sangha (the Sangha)[138] came into existence to fulfill his tripartite objective, (1)leading an ideal family life, (2)establishment of combined power and (3)sharing of feelings.[74]

Now Nilachala Saraswata Sangha has 12 branches(Kolkata,Jamshedpur,New Delhi, Mumbai,Hyderabad,Bengaluru,Chennai,Surat,Pune,Ranchi,Rishikesh,Faridabad & Raipur) outside Odisha and one branch in USA.

In USA - Nigam Smruti Mandir 1040 Jayaguru Lane Efland, North Carolina 27244 http://jayaguru.net/

Guru Braham Ashrams

Nigamananda established Guru Brahama Ashrams (गुरु ब्रह्म आश्रम) where people from any faith can come and pray in their own ways.

He instituted five Ashrams in five divisions of undivided Bengal. They are Purba Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Moinamati, Comilla (Bangala Desh), now at Tripura,[139] Madhya Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Kalni, Dacca, now Purbasthali Bardhaman district,[140] Uttar Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Bogra, Paschima Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Kharkusama, Midnapore,[141] Dakhina Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Halisahar, 24 Paragans.[142]

Nigamananda installed Jagat Gurus Ashan (जगत गुरु आसन), in 1915 at Kokilamukh, Jorhat, Assam[143] and established many ashrams and made thousands of disciples in the guru-shishya tradition.[144]

Other foundations

Followers of Nigamananda run Nigamananda Education Centers in Orissa,[145] also schools and educational institutions around India.

Publications

Saraswata Granthavali

Sanatana Dharma Patrika-Arya Darapan[146]

Nigamananda wrote and published a series of books, known collectively as Saraswata Granthavali (सारस्वत ग्रंथावली). These are Brahmacharya Sadhan (ब्रह्मचर्य साधन), Yogiguru (योगिगुरु), Tantrikguru (तांत्रिकगुरु), Jnaniguru (ज्ञानीगुरु), and Premikguru (प्रेमिकगुरु) which dealt with the fundamentals of almost all modes of sadhana (spiritual practice) prevalent in Sanatan Dharma.[147]>[148] Nigamanananda's followers believe that these books are useful to any faithful person and if practiced carefully will lead to success in spiritual pursuits. By Mohanty's efforts these books were translated from Bengali to Oriya.[149]

Arya Darpan

Nigamananda also published Arya Darpan (आर्य दर्पण),[150][151] a monthly magazine on sanatana dharma, intended for disseminating non-sectarian spiritual knowledge among the masses. Many essays on important topics relating to religious and scriptural matters were included in this magazine. [152]

Thakurer Chithi

Advising his disciples, Nigamananda wrote letters, from which one hundred are collected in a book called Thakurer Chithi (ठाकुरेर चिठी). This information was published in a Calcutta magazine Modern Review, founded by Ramananda Chatterjee, on 26 December 1938.[153]

Other Nigamananda collections are Maayer Kripa (मायेर कृपा),[154] Vedanta Vivek (वेदांत विवेक)[155] and Tattvamala (तत्वमाला).

Bhakta Sammilani

Swami Nigamananda (in middle) along with disciples in Bhakta Sammilani 1922

Nigamananda created an annual conference called Bhakta Sammilani (भक्त सम्मिलनी) for householders and sanyasis,[156] to strengthen prayer groups, discuss the importance of having a guru, review the well-being of sanyasis living in the ashrams, help solve problems pertaining to them and the ashrams as a whole, provide welfare, such as schools, for communities and to hold lectures by enlightened speakers on public spiritual life.[157][158]

Nigamananda categorized Bhakta Sammilani into "Sarbabhouma" (Country wide or सार्बभौम भक्त सम्मिलनी) and "Pradeshika (State wide or प्रादेशिक भक्त सम्मिलनी.) The first "Sarbabhouma Bhakta Sammilani" was established by him at Kokilamukh in 1915.[159] The first "Pradeshika Bhakta Sammilani" was held in 1947 by Nilachala Saraswata Sangha, Puri at Ankoli in the district of Ganjam during full moon day of maagha.[160]

Swami Nigamananda's Utkal Pradeshika Bhakta Sammilani-No.61 (उत्कल प्रादेशिक भक्त सम्मिलनी), held in village Biratunga on 6,7,8 Feb 2012.[161]

Nigamananda set a different prayer day for women disciples where they alone could participate and exchange their views.

He said in one sammilani, "my devotees are fully aware that I am pleased to see them congregated in this sammilani, once in a year during X-mas. Such gathering would bring fame to the maths and it would also do good to the world at large".[162]

Legacy

Nigamananda’s birthday is celebrated every year on Sravan Purnima day at Nilachala Kutir in Oriya culture. On 10 Aug 2014 his 134th Birthday was celebrated at Nilachala Kutir.[163] The 63rd Bhakta Sammilani was celebrated in Feb 2014 at Bhadrak

See also

Further reading

Books

Bengali
English

Libraries

English Literature
Oriya Literature
Bengali Literature

Lessons

Sri Chinmoy Library Collections

Letters

References

  1. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 43. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Banik, Nandadulal (2012). "Paramahansha, Nigamananda". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  3. ↑ Paramahamsa Prajnanananda (15 August 2006). My Time with the Master. Sai Towers Publishing. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-81-7899-055-2. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  4. ↑ Sher Singh; S. N. Sadhu (1991). Indian books in print. Indian Bureau of Bibliographies. p. 572. ISBN 978-81-85004-46-4. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  5. ↑ Glory of India. Sadguru-Nigamananda. Motilal Banarsides. 1987. p. 98. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  6. ↑ Prof. Shrikant Prasoon (28 July 2009). Indian saints and sages. Pustak Mahal. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-223-1062-7. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  7. ↑ Sri Chinmoy (January 1997). Jardin Del Alma. Editorial Sirio, S.A. pp. 119–. ISBN 978-84-7808-230-8. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  8. ↑ Mohan Lal (1 January 2006). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot). Sahitya Akademi. pp. 3961–. ISBN 978-81-260-1221-3. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  9. ↑ Prafulla Chandra Bhanja Deo; Jitāmitra Prasāda Siṃhadeba (2007). A Tantric scholar, and the British wrath on Bastar State: historical documentation relating to Rajkumar Prafulla Chandra Bhanja Deo, and Swami Nigamananda Saraswati. Punthi Pustak. pp. 4, 13, 20. ISBN 978-81-86791-66-0. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  10. ↑ Chandra Bhanu Satpathy (1 July 2001). Shirdi Sai Baba and other perfact masters. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 717–. ISBN 978-81-207-2384-9. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  11. ↑ Narasingha Prosad Sil (1991). Rāmakṛṣṇa Paramahaṁsa: a psychological profile. BRILL. pp. 92–. ISBN 978-90-04-09478-9. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  12. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 105. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  13. ↑ David R. Kinsley (1979). The divine player: a study of Kṛṣṇa līlā. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 296–. ISBN 978-0-89684-019-5. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  14. ↑ List of Books-Page:102, Brahamcharya Sadhana, Yogi Guru, Gyani Guru, Tantrika Guru, Premika Guru, (Ami ki Chai) at Religious movements in modern Bengal By Benoy Gopal Ray Visva-Bharati, 1965
  15. ↑ Premika Guru, Bangla 4th Edition By West Bengal Public Library Network
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  18. 1 2 3 "Srimat Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Paramahamsa Dev - Life Story".
  19. ↑ Charan Mohanty short life published in HINEWS, India
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  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Sangha, America Saraswata. "Swami Nigamananda's Life Chronological Events". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
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  26. ↑ Ray, Benoy Gopal (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Suddenly he saw the shadowy image of his wife
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  28. ↑ Ray, Benoy Gopal (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 9 June 2011. He went to the Theosophical Society at Adyar and discussed with theosphists...
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  30. ↑ Biśuddhānanda Sarasvatī (Swami) (1985). In quest of myself: an autobiography. a blessing of guru is very essential for success in spiritual sadhana. Nigamananda Ashram. p. 55. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
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  32. ↑ Debabrata Sen Sharma (2007). Aspects of Tantra Yoga. Indica Books. p. 44. ISBN 978-81-86569-67-2. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
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  34. ↑ Benoy Gopal Ray (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Universal mother seen in the form of "Sudhansubala" (wife of Nigamananda). Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  35. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
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  37. ↑ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,His name was changed to "Nigamananda" .... Page -101
  38. ↑ Mahadham Orissa Review, June 2006 By Govt. of Orissa
  39. ↑ Benoy Gopal Ray (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 101. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  40. ↑ Seven Sisters Post - Swami Nigamananda's Nirbikalpa Sidhia Sthal(निर्विकल्प सिद्धि श्थल )at Guwahati identified.
  41. ↑ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,After continuous search he found a Yogi Guru Sumeru Das ji.... Page -101
  42. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 72. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  43. ↑ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 188. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  44. ↑ Nigamānanda (2000). Divine way of life. B.Jain. pp. SEE FRONT PAGE reflection of the feeling and from of the universal guru was present in Sri Nigamananda it is absoutely true . ISBN 978-81-7021-911-8. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
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  48. ↑ The Times of India - Swami Nigamananda's Nirbikalpa Sidhia Sthal(निर्विकल्प सिद्धि श्थल )at Guwahati identified.
  49. ↑ The Assam Tribune - Swami Nigamananda's Nirbikalpa Sidhia Sthal(निर्विकल्प सिद्धि श्थल )at Guwahati identified.
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  53. ↑ Monika Thiel-Horstmann (1983). Bhakti in current research, 1979-1982: proceedings of the Second International Conference on Early Devotional Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages, St. Augustin, 19–21 March 1982. D. Reimer Verlag. pp. 118–120. ISBN 978-3-496-00750-0. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
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  55. ↑ Stories By Sri Chinmoy
  56. ↑ Sri Chinmoy (April 1998). El jardín del alma. Editorial Sirio, S.A. pp. 119–. ISBN 978-84-7808-230-8. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
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  58. ↑ "Guru Stotram".
  59. ↑ "Not the outer form, but the inner essence".
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  61. ↑ Michael Oren Fitzgerald (25 May 2008). Introduction to Hindu dharma: illustrated. World Wisdom, Inc. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-933316-48-2. Retrieved 15 June 2011. The voice of the Jagadguru is an essential part of his message. But Hindus believe that the guru's presence is also part of his message because his spiritual presence can be felt by sincere spiritual seekers. ...
  62. ↑ Sri Chinmoy (1 March 2003). Wisdom of Sri Chinmoy (The Disciple Master relationship ed.). Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
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  77. ↑ An article published in www.geocities.com from Swami Chetanananda Saraswati
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  83. ↑ Nobody should call me an Avatar collection at srichinmoylibrary.com
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  103. ↑ Sir Charles Eliot (1998). Hinduism and Buddhism: an historical sketch. Psychology Press. pp. 250–. ISBN 978-0-7007-0679-2. Retrieved 15 June 2011. Guru and Ista (deity) are one and the same
  104. ↑ Brahma (1 August 2007). The Fundamentals of Religion. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 252–. ISBN 978-81-203-3303-1. Retrieved 15 June 2011. No difference is supposed to exist between the guru and the ista
  105. ↑ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,I desire that Indian should rise once again and attain the ideals ancient Rishis who showed mankind the spirit light. Let them lead mankind to the full knowledge and realization of self.... Page -102
  106. ↑ The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda:translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English, Author=Nigamānanda, Quote=Swami Nigamananda' Quote on "Prarabdha", Publisher=Amitabh Giri, Page=19
  107. ↑ Sadguru Swami Nigamananda Swami Nigamananda's theory on"Movement of jivatma... Spirit", Publisher=Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri, Year=2001, Page=278
  108. ↑ N.H. Sahasrabudhe; R.D. Mahatme (May 2000). Mystic Science of Vastu ("Karma" Principles, "Past Sanskar" ed.). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-81-207-2206-4. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  109. ↑ Bibudharañjana (2008). Divine death: Lord Jagannath, the new embodiment. Prajnaloka. p. 140. ISBN 978-81-89858-04-9. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  110. ↑ Nigamānanda Sarasvati Deva (Svāmī.) (1963). Yogi Guru-English. Nilachala Sarasvata Sangha. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  111. ↑ Yogi Guru -Bangla Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  112. ↑ YogiGuru Oriya Translator: [[Durga Charan Mohanty, Puri.] The Gita Govinda of Sri Jayadev (2006, Author: Amulya Kumar Tripathy, P. C. Tripathy, Jayadeva), Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.
  113. ↑ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition), Chapter:"HATH YOGA, LAYA YOGA (हठ योग-लय योग)" , PAGES: 74-75 Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  114. ↑ Yogiguru NIGAMANANDA (Oriya), Edition-2011,"YOGA TATWA-योग तत्व" (YOGA CHARI PRAKAR-योग चारी प्रकार)", PAGES:88-89 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  115. ↑ Yogiguru NIGAMANANDA (Oriya), Edition-2011,Chapter:"YOGA TATWA-योग तत्व, PAGE:86 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  116. ↑ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition), Chapter:"DHARANA, DHANA-ध्यान धारना , PAGE: 70-71 Author: Paramahansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  117. ↑ Yogiguru NIGAMANANDA (Oriya), Edition-2011,KUNDALINI TATWA, PAGE:62 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  118. ↑ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition), Chapter:"KUNDALINI TATWA , PAGE: 41 Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  119. ↑ Yogiguru Nigamananda (Oriya), Edition-2011,Chapter:"SAMADHI-समाधि, PAGE:87 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  120. ↑ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition), Chapter:"SAMADHI-समाधि , PAGE: 72 Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  121. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Nigamananda's Garo Hill-Yogashrama. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 88. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  122. ↑ "Srimat Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Paramahamsa Dev - Life Story".
  123. ↑ Dwijendra Lal Bhowmik; Tribal Research Institute (Tripura; India) (2003). Tribal religion of Tripura: a socio-religious analysis. Swami Nigamananda'sGarohill(Kadaldhoya) Yoga Ashram: Tribal Research Institute, Govt. of Tripura. p. 60. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  124. ↑ Shanti Ashram (1912) presently known as ‘’’Assam Bongia Sarasat Math’’’ was established by ‘’’Swami Nigamananda’’’ in 1912 (JORHAT HISTORY)
  125. ↑ Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (February 2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Swami Nigamananda's Ashram at Jorhat (Assam)
  126. ↑ Banik, Nandadulal (2012). "Paramahansha, Nigamananda". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  127. ↑ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965, Rishi Vidyalaya have been founded to train up students.... Page -102
  128. ↑ Shree Shree Thakur Nigamananda-Oriya Jeevani, CHAPTER-"SARASWATA MATHA" Writer: Durgacharan Mohanty, Banmali Das, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  129. ↑ Banik, Nandadulal (2012). "Anirvan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  130. ↑ Encyclopedia of World Religions(Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Page-79)
  131. ↑ Chetanananda Saraswati
  132. ↑ 100 Year celebration of ABS Math (Assam Bangiya Saraswata Math)
  133. ↑ "Official Website of Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math".
  134. ↑ Sachindra Kumar Maity (1 January 1997). Professor A.L. Basham, my Guruji and problems and perspectives of ancient Indian history and culture. Abhinav Publications. pp. 378–. ISBN 978-81-7017-326-7. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  135. ↑ Ramprasad Mishra; Lakṣmīṅkarā (1995). Advayasiddhi, the Tāntric view of Lakṣmīṅkarā. Kant Publications. p. 41. ISBN 978-81-86218-00-6. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  136. ↑ Mamata Swain; Jagannath Lenka; Minati Mallick; North Odisha University. P. G. Dept. of Economics, India. Ministry of Women and Child Development (2007). "Nilachala Saraswata Sangha". Gender perspective in disaster management. Serials Publications. p. 228. ISBN 9788183871211. – Search String "Nilachal Saraswat"
  137. ↑ Indian Anthropological Society (2001). Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society. 36. The Society. p. 156. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  138. 1 2 Mamata Swain; Jagannath Lenka; Minati Mallick; North Odisha University. P. G. Dept. of Economics, India. Ministry of Women and Child Development (2007). Gender perspective in disaster management. Nilachala Saraswata Sangha, Puri: Serials Publications. p. 228. ISBN 978-81-8387-121-1. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  139. ↑ "ABSM - Picture Gallery".
  140. ↑ "ABSM - Picture Gallery".
  141. ↑ "ABSM - Picture Gallery".
  142. ↑ "ABSM - Picture Gallery".
  143. ↑ Benoy Gopal Ray (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 102. The main center is situated at Kokilamukha (Assam)....
  144. ↑ Press Institute of India; Press Trust of India (1997). Data India. Press Institute of India. p. 159. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  145. ↑ Vandana S. (1 January 1997). Indian Directory Of Environmental Organisations. Nigamananda Education Center, Jahada (Ganjam) Orissa. APH Publishing. pp. 286–. ISBN 978-81-7024-855-2. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  146. ↑ Nigamananda Arya Darpan-निगमानंद आर्य दर्पण Press in India, Volume 49, Publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. Page 358. (Sr.4542)
  147. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 152. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  148. ↑ Swami Rama (1 July 1999). Living with the Himalayan Masters. Himalayan Institute Press. p. 424. ISBN 978-0-89389-156-5. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  149. ↑ Amulya Kumar Tripathy; P. C. Tripathy; Jayadeva (2006). Sri Durga Charan Mohanty, ed. The Gita Govinda of Sri Jayadev. Yogi Guru (1968) Premika Guru (1983) Oriya Translator: DC MOHANTY (Sri Durga Charan Mohanty) (in ORIYA). (Biratunga, Puri). Puri: Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. pp. Search String "D C Mohanty". Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  150. ↑ Swami Nigamananda's Sanatan Dharama Patrika Arya Darpan at Absmath.org
  151. ↑ Press in India (1963 – Language Arts & Disciplines). Part 2. 1963. pp. 505 (Sr.607). Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  152. ↑ Source: Chetanananda Saraswati Deva
  153. ↑ Ramananda Chatterjee (1941). Thakurer Chithi (ठाकुरेर चिठी) (A collection of 100 letters written by Swami Nigamananda Paramahansa to his disciples) The Modern review. Prabasi Press Private, Ltd. p. 337. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  154. ↑ June McDaniel (15 July 1989). The Madness of the Saints: Ecstatic Religion in Bengal. Maayer Kripa- Book on Swami Nigamananda. University of Chicago Press. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-226-55723-6. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  155. ↑ Sibajiban Bhattacharya; American Institute of Indian Studies (1970). The Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies. Vedanta Vivek"(वेदांत विवेक), Sr.6667. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 544. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  156. ↑ Biśuddhānanda Sarasvatī (Swami) (1985). In quest of myself: an autobiography. Nigamananda Ashram. p. 191. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  157. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 129. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  158. ↑ (Source: Chetanananda Saraswati)
  159. ↑ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math, 1987. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 130. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  160. ↑ (Events) - Swami Nigamananda's Sarbabhouma Bhakta Sammilani & PradeshikaBhakta Sammilani
  161. ↑ Swami Nigamananda's 61st Utkal Pradeshika Bhakta Sammilani (उत्कल प्रादेशिक भक्त सम्मिलनी) Published in HINEWS India, Year 2012 Bhubaneswar Orissa
  162. ↑ Swami, Nigamananda; Durga Charan Mohanty. "Swami Nigamananda's BHAKTA SAMMILANI". Bhakta Sammilani Odia book written by Durga Charan Mohanty. Assam Bangiya Saraswata Matha. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
  163. ↑ The Editor, Hinews Bhubaneswar

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