Norman Scott (admiral)

This article is about the American naval officer. For other people bearing the same name, see Norman Scott (disambiguation).
Norman Scott
 A light blue neck ribbon with a gold star shaped medallion hanging from it. The ribbon is similar in shape to a bowtie with 13 white stars in the center of the ribbon.
Rear Admiral Norman Scott c.1942
Born (1889-08-10)August 10, 1889
Indianapolis, Indiana
Died November 13, 1942(1942-11-13) (aged 53)
Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
Place of burial At sea
Allegiance  United States of America
Service/branch  United States Navy
Years of service 1911 – 1942
Rank Rear Admiral
Battles/wars World War I
World War II
* Naval Battle of Guadalcanal  †
Awards Medal of Honor
Purple Heart

Norman Scott (August 10, 1889 – November 13, 1942) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, and was one of only two U.S. Navy admirals killed in action during a surface battle in World War II. Scott posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Pacific Theater of World War II.

Biography

Scott was born August 10, 1889 in Indianapolis, Indiana. Appointed to the Naval Academy in 1907, he graduated four years later and received his commission as Ensign in March 1912. During 1911–13, Ensign Scott served in the battleship USS Idaho (BB-24), then served in destroyers and related duty. In December 1917, he was Executive Officer of USS Jacob Jones (DD-61) when she was sunk by a German submarine and was commended for his performance at that time. During the rest of World War I, Lieutenant Scott had duty in the Navy Department and as Naval Aide to President Woodrow Wilson. In 1919, while holding the temporary rank of Lieutenant Commander, he was in charge of a division of Eagle Boats (PE) and commanded Eagle PE-2 and Eagle PE-3.[1]

During the first years of the 1920s, Norman Scott served afloat in destroyers and in the battleship USS New York (BB-34) and ashore in Hawaii. From 1924 to 1930, he was assigned to the staff of Commander Battle Fleet and as an instructor at the Naval Academy. He commanded the destroyers USS MacLeish (DD-220) and USS Paul Jones (DD-230) in the early 1930s, then had further Navy Department Duty and attended the Naval War College's Senior Course. After a tour as Executive Officer of the light cruiser USS Cincinnati (CL-6), Commander Scott was a member of the U.S. Naval Mission to Brazil in 1937-39. Following promotion to the rank of Captain, he was Commanding Officer of the heavy cruiser USS Pensacola (CA-24) until shortly after the United States entered World War II in December 1941.[1]

Captain Scott was assigned to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations during the first months of 1942. After becoming a Rear Admiral in May, he was sent to the south Pacific, where he commanded a fire support group during the invasion of Guadalcanal and Tulagi in early August. Rear Admiral Scott continued to lead surface task units for the next three months, as the campaign to hold Guadalcanal intensified. On 11-12 October 1942, he commanded a cruiser-destroyer force in the Battle of Cape Esperance, the U.S. Navy's first surface victory of the campaign. A month later, on November 13, he was second-in-command during the initial night action of the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. In that wild and brutal fight, Rear Admiral Norman Scott was killed in action when his flagship, the light cruiser USS Atlanta (CL-51), was fatally damaged by gunfire, possibly from the heavy cruiser USS San Francisco (CA-38), as well as an enemy torpedo. For his "extraordinary heroism and conspicuous intrepidity" in the October and November battles, he posthumously received the Medal of Honor.[1]

As with his fellow Admiral Callaghan, Admiral Scott was buried at sea.[2]

Namesakes

The U.S. Navy ships USS Norman Scott (DD-690), 1943–1973, and USS Scott (DDG-995), 1981–1998, were named in honor of Rear Admiral Scott.[1] The Scott Center Annex, adjacent to Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth Virginia, is named for him. The Norman Scott Natatorium at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD is named for him for being instrumental in introducing intercollegiate swimming to the Naval Academy as a midshipmen. Norman Scott Road on Naval Base San Diego also honors his memory.

Medal of Honor citation

Rear Admiral Norman Scott, USN. Painting by McClelland Barclay.
For extraordinary heroism and conspicuous intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty during action against enemy Japanese forces off Savo Island on the night of 11–12 October and again on the night of 12–13 November 1942. In the earlier action, intercepting a Japanese Task Force intent upon storming our island positions and landing reinforcements at Guadalcanal, Rear Adm. Scott, with courageous skill and superb coordination of the units under his command, destroyed 8 hostile vessels and put the others to flight. Again challenged, a month later, by the return of a stubborn and persistent foe, he led his force into a desperate battle against tremendous odds, directing close-range operations against the invading enemy until he himself was killed in the furious bombardment by their superior firepower. On each of these occasions his dauntless initiative, inspiring leadership and judicious foresight in a crisis of grave responsibility contributed decisively to the rout of a powerful invasion fleet and to the consequent frustration of a formidable Japanese offensive. He gallantly gave his life in the service of his country.[3]

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History & Heritage Command.
  1. 1 2 3 4 "Rear Admiral Norman Scott, USN, (1889–1942)". Online Image Library. Naval Historical Center. January 4, 2002. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  2. ↑ John Griffith (December 11, 2003). "Norman Scott". Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor recipients. Find a Grave. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  3. ↑ "Medal of Honor recipients". World War II (M - S). United States Army Center of Military History. August 3, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
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