Amiga Advanced Architecture chipset

The AAA chipset (Advanced Amiga Architecture) was intended to be the next-generation Amiga multimedia system designed by Commodore International. Initially begun as a secret project, the first design discussions were started in 1988, and after many revisions and redesigns the first silicon versions were fabricated in 1992-1993. The project was all but abandoned in 1993 after it was projected that PCs were to equal the AAA shortly after release, so a further jump was needed, leading to project Hombre. AAA was not designed to be AGA compatible.

Design goals

AAA was slated to include numerous technologies.

• 32/64 bit data bus.
• 256 deep CLUT entries 25-bit wide each (256 indirect colors indexed through 24-bit palette with extra genlock bit like AGA has). This mode runs in the native AmigaOS display.
• Direct 16 bit-planes planar pixels without CLUT entries, since this mode doesn't contain a palette or a CLUT it requires some kind of ReTargetable Graphics (RTG) driver like chunky modes.
• New Agnus/Alice replacement chip 'Andrea' with an updated 32-bit blitter and Copper which can handle chunky pixels.
• A line-buffer chip with double buffering called 'Linda' provides higher resolution (up to 1280 x 1024). Linda also decompresses two new packed pixels (PACKLUT, PACKHY) on the fly.
• Updated version of Paula called 'Mary' with 8 voices that can be assigned either to left or right channel; each channel has 16-bit resolution with up to 100 kHz sample rate; additionally it does 8-bit audio sampling input.
• Direct Chunky 16-bit pixels (15 bits for 32768 colors and 1 bit for genlock overlay), provided by custom chip 'Monica', this mode requires RTG driver.
• New 24-bit hybrid mode (with a chunky/planar properties) consisted of 3 byte-planes of 8 bit chunks each. Like chunky modes it requires RTG driver for lacking CLUT.
• New 8/4/2 bit Half-Chunky Graphics Mode which indirect through CLUT like 8-bit planar modes do.(requires RTG)
• New packed (compressed) pixels (2-bit PACKLUT and 4-bit PACKHY) decompressed by Linda to 8-bit half-chunky or 24-bit Hybrid pixels respactively, used for speeding up animations.
• A reverseable pixel clock for a frame grabber (a video capture device) in chunky modes (this only work with VRAM systems).
• New Hold-and-Modify modes (HAM-8 chunky and HAM-10 for 24bit / 16.8 million colours).
• Sprites size can go up to 128 pixels in width with any height.
• Dual 8-bit playfields.
• VRAM Chip Memory systems with optional 32/64 bit DRAM chip memory (for lower cost systems).
• 12x to 20x memory bandwidth of Chip RAM access of ECS.
• 8x blitter speed increase of AGA/ECS blitter.
• Direct support for 4 MB raw floppy disks (2.88 MB IBM-style-formatted and all known format including Mac floppies), with a direct interface to a raw CD-ROM drive or Digital Audio Tape (DAT) and a digital radio interface, managed by Mary chip (port and audio peripheral controller).
• Asynchronous design managed by Linda and Andrea makes AAA pixel clock independent of its bus clock so the chipset can work with any CPU (including any RISC processor).
• The chipset would include up to 1 million transistors in its 64-bit dual-system configuration (total).
• Up to 16 MB ChipRAM (graphics memory) in dual-systems.
• Two four-byte buffered FIFO serial UARTs, one of these UART is in the same RGA address as the original Paula UART.
• A built-in genlock.
• 40 on-demand DMA channels dynamically allocated by Andrea.
• 64-bit pixel bus with 114 MHz pixel clock in dual systems which makes 1280x1024 @72Hz screens possible.
• 128-bit long memory bus bursts

The initial chipset run was largely functional, but some important pieces such as the interrupt controller didn't work, and others were never tested.

Three prototypes called 'Nyx', meaning "night" in Classical Greek, were built as technology demonstrators and debugger boards for the new chips. However Nyx was never intended as the final production machine, AAA systems would have been based around the Acutiator architecture designed by Dave Haynie.

Commodore declared bankruptcy before designs were completed; some of the focus on AAA chips moved to creating a radically different 64-bit design based on a modified PA-RISC 7150 CPU with added graphics instructions and video pipelines (See Hombre chipset). Fully functioning AAA chips were never produced, though they were much talked about in the trade press. Numerous plans for purchasing Amiga and salvaging the technology came and went after Commodore's demise; all of them including the realization that for the Amiga to stay competitive, the development and release of AAA or Hombre would have to be one of their overriding goals.

See also

• Original Amiga chipset
• Amiga Ranger Chipset
• Enhanced Chip Set
• Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture
• Hombre chipset
• List of home computers by video hardware

External links

• Dave Haynie documents of AAA and Nyx prototype
• A summary on the Nyx prototypes
• A detailed history of the AAA chips
• The Dave Haynie Archive with lots of detailed info & specs
• ACUTIATOR