Ohio in the War of 1812

During the War of 1812, Ohio was on the front lines in the conflict between the United States, Great Britain, Canadians, and the Native American allies of each side. Fighting raged in the northeastern section of the state and on the adjacent Lake Erie.

War Years

1812

Beginning of the War

Ohio figured prominently in pre-war discussions about war with Britain and Canada. Should war break out, a three-pronged attack would occur from the west, the center and the east into Canada. William Hull, the governor of the Michigan territory, who had traveled to Washington, D.C. in late 1811 for consultations, was appointed brigadier-general (in addition to his duties as territorial governor) and assigned the responsibilities of leading the North West Army to reinforce Detroit, protect Michigan, and coordinate with other expeditions. Hull's army gathered in April and May 1812, before the United States declared war on Great Britain. It was to consist of the Fourth Regiment, a regular U.S. Army unit based in Vincennes, Indiana, and three regiments of Ohio militia. These were the First Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, under Col. Duncan McArthur; the Second Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, under Col. James Findlay; and the Third Regiment, under Col. Lewis Cass. The Ohio volunteer units gathered around the small community of Dayton, with Col. McArthur's First Regiment south of Dayton (near the confluence of the Great Miami and Hole's Creek) and the other two regiments slightly north of town along the Mad River. On May 25, 1812, the regiments gathered together and Governor Return J. Meigs, Jr. handed over command to Brigadier General Hull.^[1]

Ohio militia participating in the war were killed at two early battles of the war, the Battle of Brownstown (August 5, 1812), and Monguagon (August 9, 1812).

1813

Lasting Implications of the War on Ohio

Key Figures

United States

• Brigadier General William Hull
• Col. Duncan McArthur
• Col. James Findlay
• Col. Lewis Cass

Great Britain, Canadian and Native American

Major General Henry Procter

See also

• Indiana in the War of 1812
• Kentucky in the War of 1812

References

1. Alec R. Gilpin, The War of 1812 in the Old Northwest (Michigan State University Press, 1958, 2012), chapters II and III.

Further reading

• Alec R. Gilpin, The War of 1812 in the Old Northwest (Michigan State University Press, 1958, 2012).
• Western Reserve Historical Society (1913). Northern Ohio during the war of 1812. Cleveland, Ohio. Retrieved 2013-06-08.