Papilio oregonius

Oregon swallowtail
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Tribe: Papilionini
Genus: Papilio
Binomial name
Papilio oregonia
Edwards, 1876

The Oregon swallowtail (Papilio oregonius, sometimes classified as Papilio machaon oregonius[1] or Papilio bairdii oregonius[2]) is a species of swallowtail butterfly native to the United States of America, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and south-central British Columbia in Canada.[3] In 1976, it became one of the first four butterflies that the United States Postal Service placed on a U.S. stamp.[4]

The Oregon swallowtail was declared the state insect of Oregon in 1979 by the Legislative Assembly.[5][6]

Description

The adult Oregon swallowtail has a yellow abdomen with black lines. It has a wingspan of 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) to 4 inches (10 cm). Its wings have concave spots that are scalloped inwards with a reddish-orange eyespot along the lower border, similar to, but smaller than, the eyespot of the common Old World swallowtail. The yellow markings on the wings of the Oregon swallowtail are also brighter than the common swallowtail. It has a tail characteristic of all swallowtail butterflies. The caterpillar is black with yellow markings.[7][8]

It reproduces twice a year, and can be seen flying from April to September. The butterflies seen toward the beginning of the year are lighter in color than those seen later and blend well with the color of early plants.[9]

Range and habitat

The range of the Oregon swallowtail is from southern British Columbia, eastern Washington and Oregon, to Idaho and western Montana, primarily in the lower sagebrush canyons of the Columbia River and many of its tributaries.[9] In its caterpillar (larva) stage, it feeds on tarragon sagebrush. As an adult, it eats flower nectar, preferring thistles, balsamroot, and phlox. Chrysalids of this species can overwinter.[3][10]

A recommended viewing spot is along the banks of the Columbia River at Vantage, Washington, where Interstate 90 crosses the river.[11]

U.S. Postal Service stamp

Oregon swallowtail Commemorative Stamp, issued in June, 1977

On June 6, 1977, the United States Postal Service released sets of four 13-cent stamps illustrating American butterflies, including the Oregon swallowtail. Shortly thereafter, the butterfly was chosen as Oregon's state insect.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Papilio machaon oregonia Robertson, 1903". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. ↑ "Papilio". www.funet.fi. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
  3. 1 2 "State Symbolic Species: Oregon Swallowtail" (PDF). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  4. ↑ H. A. Tyler; K. S. Brown, Jr.; K. H. Wilson. Anthology of American Swallowtails: Swallowtail Bufferflies of the Americas. A Study in Biological Dynamics, Ecological Diversity, Biosystematics, and Conservation. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers.
  5. ↑ Chapter 186 — State Emblems; State Boundary 2005 Oregon Revised Statutes
  6. ↑ "Oregon Almanac: Hydropower Projects to State Motto". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  7. ↑ "eNature: Anise Swallowtail". eNature. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  8. ↑ "Oregon Swallowtail Butterfly". Bentler.us. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  9. 1 2 3 "Oregon Symbols, Insect: Oregon Swallowtail Butterfly". SHG Resources. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
  10. ↑ "Old World Swallowtail". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  11. ↑ SOLV (2002). The SOLV Oregon Owner's Manual. Hillsboro, Oregon: Graphic Arts Center Publishing. p. 40. ISBN 0-9721618-0-5.
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