Ottokar I of Bohemia

Ottokar I
Duke of Bohemia; later King of Bohemia
Contemporary relief carving of Ottokar I in the tympanum of St George's Convent, Prague
Reign	1192–1193 1197[1]–1230[2]
Coronation	1203, Prague
Born	c. 1155 Bohemia
Died	15 December 1230 (aged 75?) Prague
Burial	St. Vitus Cathedral
Spouse	Adelheid of Meissen Constance of Hungary
Issue more...	Wenceslaus I, King of Bohemia Dagmar, Queen of Denmark Anne, Duchess of Silesia Saint Agnes
House	Přemyslid dynasty
Father	Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia
Mother	Judith of Thuringia

Ottokar I (Czech: Přemysl I. Otakar; c. 1155 – 1230) was Duke of Bohemia periodically beginning in 1192, then acquired the title King of Bohemia, first in 1198 from Philip of Swabia, later in 1203 from Otto IV of Brunswick and in 1212 from Frederick. He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.

Early years

Ottokar's parents were Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Judith of Thuringia.^[3] His early years were passed amid the anarchy that prevailed everywhere in the country. After several military struggles, he was recognized as ruler of Bohemia by Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in 1192. He was, however, soon overthrown for joining a conspiracy of German princes to bring down the Hohenstaufen dynasty. In 1197, Ottokar forced his brother, Duke Vladislaus III Henry, to abandon Bohemia to him and to content himself with Moravia.

Taking advantage of the civil war in Germany between the Hohenstaufen claimant Philip of Swabia and the Welf candidate Otto IV, Ottokar declared himself King of Bohemia. This title was supported by Philip of Swabia, who needed Czech military support against Otto (1198).

In 1199, Ottokar divorced his wife Adelheid of Meissen, a member of the Wettin dynasty, in order to marry Constance of Hungary, the young daughter of Hungarian King Béla III.

In 1200, with Otto IV in the ascendancy, Ottokar abandoned his pact with Philip of Swabia and declared for the Welf faction. Both Otto and Pope Innocent III subsequently accepted Ottokar as the hereditary King of Bohemia.

Golden Bull of Sicily

Philip's consequent invasion of Bohemia was successful. Ottokar, having been compelled to pay a fine, again ranged himself among Philip's partisans and still later was among the supporters of the young King Frederick II. In 1212 Frederick granted the Golden Bull of Sicily to Bohemia. This document recognised Ottokar and his heirs as Kings of Bohemia. The king was no longer subject to appointment by the emperor and was only required to attend Diets close to the Bohemian border. Although a subject of the Holy Roman Empire, the Bohemian king was to be the leading electoral prince of the Holy Roman Empire and to furnish all subsequent emperors with a bodyguard of 300 knights when they went to Rome for their coronation.

Ottokar's reign was also notable for the start of German immigration into Bohemia and the growth of towns in what had until that point been forest lands. In 1226, Ottokar went to war against Duke Leopold VI of Austria after the latter wrecked a deal that would have seen Ottokar's daughter (Saint Agnes of Bohemia) married to Frederick II's son Henry II of Sicily. Ottokar then planned for the same daughter to marry Henry III of England, but this was vetoed by the emperor, who knew Henry to be an opponent of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. The widowed emperor himself wanted to marry Agnes, but by then she did not want to play a role in an arranged marriage. With the help of the pope, she entered a convent.

Family

Ottokar and Constance, from the Landgrafenpsalter (1211–13)

Ottokar was married first in 1178 to Adelheid of Meissen (after 1160 - 2 February 1211), who gave birth to the following children:

• Vratislav (d. bef. 1225).
• Markéta (Dagmar) (d. 24 May 1212), married to King Valdemar II of Denmark.
• Božislava (d. 6 Feb bef. 1238), married to Count Henry I of Ortenberg.
• Hedvika, nun in Gernrode.

In 1199, he married Constance of Hungary (1181 – 6 December 1240), who gave birth to the following children:

• Vratislav (c. 1200 – bef. 1209).
• Judith (- 2 June 1230), married to Bernhard von Spanheim, Duke of Carinthia.
• Anne (Anna Lehnická) (1204 - 23 June 1265), married to Henry II the Pious, Duke of Wrocław.
• Anežka, died young.
• Wenceslaus I of Bohemia (c. 1205 - 23 September 1253), King of Bohemia.
• Vladislaus (Vladislav) (1207 - 18 February 1227), Margrave of Moravia.
• Přemyslid (Přemysl) (1209 - 16 October 1239), Margrave of Moravia, married to Margaret of Andechs, daughter of Duke Otto I of Merania.
• Wilhelmina of Bohemia (Vilemína Česká, Guglielmina Boema) (1210 - 24 October 1281).
• Saint Agnes of Bohemia (20 January 1211 – 6 March 1282).

Ancestry

Ancestors of Ottokar I of Bohemia

16. Bretislaus I of Bohemia               8. Vratislaus II of Bohemia                       17. Judith of Schweinfurt               4. Vladislaus I of Bohemia                             18. Casimir I of Poland               9. Świętosława of Poland                       19. Maria Dobroniega of Kiev               2. Vladislaus II of Bohemia                                   20. Poppo of Berg-Schelklingen               10. Henry I of Berg-Schelklingen                       21. Sophia of Hungary               5. Richeza of Berg                             22. Diepold II, Margrave of Vohburg               11. Adelheid of Mochental                       23. Luitgard of Carinthia               1. Ottokar I of Bohemia                                         24. Ludwig the Bearded               12. Louis the Springer                       25. Cäcilie von Sangerhausen               6. Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia                             26. (?)               13. Adelheid von Stade                       27. (?)               3. Judith of Thuringia                                   28. Giso II or Giso III of Hesse               14. Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg                       29. Mathilde of Hesse               7. Hedwig of Gudensberg                             30. Rugger II of Bilstein               15. Kunigunde von Bilstein                       31. (?)

References

1. Sommer, Petr; Třeštík, Dušan; Žemlička, Josef (2009). Přemyslovci. Budování českého státu (in Czech). a kol. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny. p. 209. ISBN 978-80-7106-352-0.
2. France 2006, p. 233.
3. Wihoda 2015, p. 298.

Sources

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ottakar I.". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 367–368.

• France, John (2006). The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000–1714. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134196180.
• Wihoda, Martin (2015). Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of Moravian Identity. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004303836.

External links