Oxide minerals

Oxide mineral exhibit at the Museum of Geology in South Dakota

The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O²⁻) is bonded to one or more metal ions. The hydroxide bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. The minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.

Simple oxides:

X₂O and XO
- Cuprite Cu₂O
- Ice H₂O
- Periclase group
  - Periclase MgO
  - Manganosite MnO
- Zincite group
  - Zincite ZnO
  - Bromellite BeO
  - Tenorite CuO
  - Litharge PbO
X₂O₃
- Hematite group
  - Corundum Al₂O₃
  - Hematite Fe₂O₃
  - Ilmenite FeTiO₃
XO₂
- Rutile group
  - Rutile TiO₂
  - Pyrolusite MnO₂
  - Cassiterite SnO₂
- Baddeleyite ZrO₂
- Uraninite UO₂
- Thorianite ThO₂
XY₂O₄
- Spinel group
  - Spinel MgAl₂O₄
  - Gahnite ZnAl₂O₄
  - Magnetite Fe₃O₄ (Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄)
  - Franklinite (Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)₂O₄
  - Chromite FeCr₂O₄
- Chrysoberyl BeAl₂O₄
- Columbite(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)₂O₆

Hydroxide subgroup:

Brucite Mg(OH)₂
Manganite MnO(OH)
Romanechite BaMn²⁺Mn⁴⁺₈O₁₆(OH)₄
Goethite group
- Diaspore αAlO(OH)
- Goethite αFeO(OH)

Nickel–Strunz Classification -04- Oxides

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).

Abbreviations:
- "*" - discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "?" - questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "REE" - Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
- "PGE" - Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
- 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V^[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
  - Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
  - Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
  - Cyclo: ring
  - Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
  - Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
  - Tekto: three-dimensional framework
Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
- NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
- ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: oxides

04.A Metal:Oxygen = 2.1 and 1:1
- 04.AA Cation:Anion (M:O) = 2:1 (and 1.8:1): 05 Ice, 10 Cuprite, 15 Paramelaconite
- 04.AB M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only: 05 Crednerite, 10 Tenorite; 15 Delafossite, 15 Mcconnellite; 20 Bromellite, 20 Zincite; 25 Lime, 25 Bunsenite, 25 Monteponite, 25 Manganosite, 25 Periclase, 25 Wustite
- 04.AC M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (± smaller ones): 05 Swedenborgite; 10 Brownmillerite, 10 Srebrodolskite; 15 Montroydite, 20 Litharge, 20 Romarchite, 25 Massicot
04.B Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
- 04.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrysoberyl, 10 Manganostibite
- 04.BB With only medium-sized cations: 05 Filipstadite, 05 Donathite?, 05 Gahnite, 05 Galaxite, 05 Hercynite, 05 Spinel, 05 Cochromite, 05 Chromite, 05 Magnesiochromite, 05 Manganochromite, 05 Nichromite, 05 Zincochromite, 05 Magnetite, 05 Cuprospinel, 05 Franklinite, 05 Jacobsite, 05 Magnesioferrite, 05 Trevorite, 05 Brunogeierite, 05 Coulsonite, 05 Magnesiocoulsonite, 05 Qandilite, 05 Ulvospinel, 05 Vuorelainenite; 10 Hydrohetaerolite, 10 Hausmannite, 10 Iwakiite, 10 Hetaerolite; 15 Maghemite, 20 Tegengrenite, 25 Xieite
- 04.BC With medium-sized and large cations: 05 Marokite, 10 Dmitryivanovite
- 04.BD With only large cations: 05 Minium
04.C Metal:Oxygen = 2:3, 3:5, and Similar
- 04.CB With medium-sized cations: 05 Tistarite, 05 Auroantimonate*, 05 Brizziite-VII, 05 Brizziite-III, 05 Corundum, 05 Eskolaite, 05 Hematite, 05 Karelianite, 05 Geikielite, 05 Ecandrewsite, 05 Ilmenite, 05 Pyrophanite, 05 Melanostibite, 05 Romanite*; 10 Bixbyite, 10 Avicennite; 15 Armalcolite, 15 Mongshanite*, 15 Pseudobrookite; 20 Magnesiohogbomite-6N6S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N3S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Zincohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Ferrohogbomite-2N2S; 25 Pseudorutile, 25 Ilmenorutile; 30 Oxyvanite, 30 Berdesinskiite; 35 Olkhonskite, 35 Schreyerite; 40 Kamiokite, 40 Nolanite, 40 Rinmanite; 45 Stibioclaudetite, 45 Claudetite; 50 Arsenolite, 50 Senarmontite; 55 Valentinite, 60 Bismite, 65 Sphaerobismoite, 70 Sillenite, 75 Kyzylkumite
- 04.CC With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrombismite, 10 Freudenbergite, 15 Grossite, 20 Mayenite, 25 Yafsoanite; 30 Barioperovskite, 30 Lakargiite, 30 Natroniobite, 30 Latrappite, 30 Lueshite, 30 Perovskite; 35 Macedonite, 35 Isolueshite, 35 Loparite-(Ce), 35 Tausonite; 40 Crichtonite, 40 Dessauite, 40 Davidite-(Ce), 40 Davidite-(La), 40 Mathiasite, 40 Lindsleyite, 40 Landauite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Cleusonite, 40 Gramaccioliite-(Y); 45 Hawthorneite, 45 Magnetoplumbite, 45 Haggertyite, 45 Batiferrite, 45 Hibonite, 45 Nezilovite, 45 Yimengite, 45 Diaoyudaoite, 45 Lindqvistite, 45 Plumboferrite; 50 Jeppeite, 55 Zenzenite, 60 Mengxianminite*
04.D Metal:Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
- 04.DA With small cations
  - (moved to -09- Subclass: tektosilicates)
- 04.DB With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Tripuhyite, 05 Tugarinovite, 05 Varlamoffite*, 05 Argutite, 05 Cassiterite, 05 Rutile, 05 Pyrolusite, 05 Plattnerite, 05 Squawcreekite?; 10 Bystromite, 10 Ordonezite, 10 Tapiolite-(Fe), 10 Tapiolite-(Mn), 10 Tapiolite*, 15a Paramontroseite, 15a Ramsdellite, 15b Akhtenskite, 15c Nsutite; 20 Scrutinyite; 25 Ixiolite, 25 Ishikawaite, 25 Srilankite, 25 Samarskite-(Y), 25 Samarskite-(Yb), 25 Yttrocolumbite-(Y); 30 Heftetjernite, 30 Wolframoixiolite*, 30 Krasnoselskite*, 30 Ferberite, 30 Hubnerite, 30 Sanmartinite, 30 Wolframite*; 35 Tantalite-(Mg), 35 Tantalite-(Fe), 35 Tantalite-(Mn), 35 Columbite-(Mg), 35 Columbite-(Fe), 35 Columbite-(Mn), 35 Qitianlingite; 40 Ferrowodginite, 40 Lithiotantite, 40 Lithiowodginite, 40 Tantalowodginite*, 40 Titanowodginite, 40 Wodginite, 40 Ferrotitanowodginite; 45 Tivanite, 50 Carmichaelite, 55 Alumotantite, 60 Biehlite
- 04.DC With medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bahianite, 10 Simpsonite
- 04.DD With medium-sized cations; frameworks of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Anatase, 10 Brookite
- 04.DE With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra: 05 Downeyite, 10 Koragoite; 15 Koechlinite, 15 Russellite, 15 Tungstibite; 20 Tellurite, 25 Paratellurite; 30 Cervantite, 30 Bismutotantalite, 30 Bismutocolumbite, 30 Clinocervantite, 30 Stibiocolumbite, 30 Stibiotantalite; 35 IMA2007-058, 35 Baddeleyite
- 04.DF With large (± medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Y), 05 Aeschynite-(Ce), 05 Aeschynite-(Nd), 05 Aeschynite-(Y), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Ce), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Nd), 05 Tantalaeschynite-(Y), 05 Rynersonite, 05 Vigezzite, 10 Changbaiite, 15 Murataite
- 04.DG With large (± medium-sized) cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Euxenite-(Y), 05 Loranskite-(Y), 05 Polycrase-(Y), 05 Uranopolycrase, 05 Fersmite, 05 Kobeite-(Y), 05 Tanteuxenite-(Y), 05 Yttrocrasite-(Y); 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Nd), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Y), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Ce), 10 Yttrotantalite-(Y); 15 Foordite, 15 Thoreaulite; 20 Raspite
- 04.DH With large (± medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra:
  - IMA/CNMNC revised the Pyrochlore supergroup 2010 (04.DH.15 and 04.DH.20)
  - 05 Brannerite, 05 Orthobrannerite, 05 Thorutite; 10 Kassite, 10 Lucasite-(Ce)
  - Pyrochlore group: Fluorcalciopyrochlore, Fluorkenopyrochlore, Fluornatropyrochlore, Fluorstrontiopyrochlore, Hydropyrochlore, Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, Kenoplumbopyrochlore, Oxycalciopyrochlore, Oxynatropyrochlore, Oxyplumbopyrochlore, Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)
  - Microlite group: Fluorcalciomicrolite, Fluornatromicrolite, Hydrokenomicrolite, Hydromicrolite, Hydroxykenomicrolite, Kenoplumbomicrolite, Oxycalciomicrolite, Oxystannomicrolite, Oxystibiomicrolite
  - Romeite group: Cuproromeite, Fluorcalcioromeite, Fluornatroromeite, Hydroxycalcioromeite, Oxycalcioromeite, Oxyplumboromeite, Stibiconite
  - Betafite group: Calciobetafite, Oxyuranobetafite
  - Elsmoreite group: Hydrokenoelsmoreite
  - 25 Rosiaite; 30 Zirconolite-3O, 30 Zirconolite-3T, 30 Zirconolite-2M, 30 Zirconolite; 35 Liandratite, 35 Petscheckite; 40 Ingersonite, 45 Pittongite
  - Discredited minerals 04.DH.15: Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Betafite (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Ceriopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Jixianite, Natrobistantite, Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Plumbobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Stibiobetafite (of Černý et al.), Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.) and Bismutostibiconite 04.DH.20
- 04.DJ With large (± medium-sized) cations; polyhedral frameworks: 05 Calciotantite, 05 Irtyshite, 05 Natrotantite
- 04.DK With large (± medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures: 05 Ankangite, 05 Coronadite, 05 Hollandite, 05 Manjiroite, 05 Mannardite, 05 Redledgeite, 05 Priderite, 05 Henrymeyerite, 05 Akaganeite, 10 Cryptomelane, 10 Romanechite, 10 Strontiomelane, 10 Todorokite
- 04.DL With large (± medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures: 05 Cerianite-(Ce), 05 Zirkelite, 05 Thorianite, 05 Uraninite; 10 Calzirtite, 10 Hiarneite, 10 Tazheranite
- 04.DM With large (± medium-sized) cations; unclassified: 05 Sosedkoite, 05 Rankamaite; 15 Cesplumtantite, 20 Eyselite, 25 Kuranakhite
04.E Metal:Oxygen = < 1:2
- 04.E: IMA2008-040
- 04.EA Oxides with metal : oxygen < 1:2 (M₂O₅, MO₃): 05 Tantite, 10 Krasnogorite*, 10 Molybdite
04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides
- 04.XX Unknown: 00 Allendeite, 00 Ashanite?, 00 Hongquiite*, 00 Psilomelane?, 00 Uhligite?, 00 Clinobirnessite*, 00 Kleberite*, 00 Chubutite*, 00 Struverite?, 00 IMA2000-016, 00 IMA2000-026

Class: hydroxides

04.F Hydroxides (without V or U)
- 04.FA Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; corner-sharing tetrahedra: 05a Behoite, 05b Clinobehoite; 10 Sweetite, 10 Wulfingite, 10 Ashoverite
- 04.FB Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; insular octahedra: 05 Shakhovite; 10 Cualstibite, 10 Zincalstibite
- 04.FC Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Dzhalindite, 05 Sohngeite, 05 Bernalite; 10 Burtite, 10 Mushistonite, 10 Natanite, 10 Vismirnovite, 10 Schoenfliesite, 10 Wickmanite; 15 Jeanbandyite, 15 Mopungite, 15 Stottite; 15 Tetrawickmanite; 20 Ferronigerite-6N6S, 20 Ferronigerite-2N1S, 20 Magnesionigerite-6N6S, 20 Magnesionigerite-2N1S; 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-6N3S, 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S, 25 Ferrotaaffeite-6N3S
- 04.FD Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Spertiniite; 10 Bracewellite, 10 Diaspore, 10 Guyanaite, 10 Groutite, 10 Goethite, 10 Montroseite, 10 Tsumgallite; 15 Manganitev; 20 Cerotungstite-(Ce), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Y), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Ce); 25 Frankhawthorneite; 30 Khinite, 30 Parakhinite
- 04.FE Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Amakinite, 05 Brucite, 05 Portlandite, 05 Pyrochroite, 05 Theophrastite, 05 Fougerite; 10 Bayerite, 10 Doyleite, 10 Gibbsite, 10 Nordstrandite; 15 Boehmite, 15 Lepidocrocite; 20 Grimaldiite, 20 Heterogenite-2H, 20 Heterogenite-3R; 25 Feitknechtite, 25 Lithiophorite; 30 Quenselite, 35 Ferrihydrite; 40 Feroxyhyte, 40 Vernadite; 45 Quetzalcoatlite
- 04.FF Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; various polyhedra: 05 Hydroromarchite
- 04.FG Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; unclassified: 05 Janggunite, 10 Cesarolite, 15 Kimrobinsonite
- 04.FH Hydroxides with H₂O ± (OH); insular octahedra: 05 Bottinoite, 05 Brandholzite
- 04.FJ Hydroxides with H₂O ± (OH); corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Sidwillite, 05 Meymacite; 10 Tungstite; 15 Ilsemannite, 15 Hydrotungstite; 20 Parabariomicrolite
- 04.FK Hydroxides with H₂O ± (OH); chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bamfordite
- 04.FL Hydroxides with H₂O ± (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Meixnerite, 05 Jamborite, 05 Iowaite, 05 Woodallite, 05 Akdalaite, 05 Muskoxite; 10 Hydrocalumite, 15 Kuzelite; 20 Aurorite, 20 Chalcophanite, 20 Ernienickelite, 20 Jianshuiite; 25 Woodruffite, 30 Asbolane; 40 Takanelite, 40 Rancieite; 45 Birnessite, 55 Cianciulliite, 60 Jensenite, 65 Leisingite, 75 Cafetite, 80 Mourite, 85 Deloryite
- 04.FM Hydroxides with H₂O ± (OH); Unclassified: 15 Franconite, 15 Hochelagaite, 15 Ternovite; 25 Belyankinite, 25 Gerasimovskite, 25 Manganbelyankinite; 30 Silhydrite, 35 Cuzticite, 40 Cyanophyllite
- 04.FN: 05 Menezesite
04.G Uranyl Hydroxides
- 04.GA Without additional cations: IMA2008-022; 05 Metaschoepite, 05 Paraschoepite, 05 Schoepite; 10 Ianthinite; 15 Metastudtite, 15 Studtite
- 04.GB With additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb, etc.); with mainly UO₂(O,OH)₅ pentagonal polyhedra: 05 Compreignacite, 05 Agrinierite, 05 Rameauite; 10 Billietite, 10 Becquerelite, 10 Protasite; 15 Richetite; 20 Calciouranoite, 20 Bauranoite, 20 Metacalciouranoite; 25 Fourmarierite, 30 Wolsendorfite, 35 Masuyite; 40 Metavandendriesscheite, 40 Vandendriesscheite; 45 Vandenbrandeite, 50 Sayrite, 55 Curite, 60 Iriginite, 65 Uranosphaerite, 70 Holfertite
- 04.GC With additional cations; with UO₂(O,OH)₆ hexagonal polyhedra: 05 Clarkeite, 10 Umohoite, 15 Spriggite
04.H V^[5,6] Vanadates
- (moved to -08- Class: vanadates)
04.I Ice group
04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides (Hydroxides)
- 04.XX Unknown: 00 Ungursaite*, 00 Scheteligite?

References

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman and Clifford Frondel, 1944, The System of Mineralogy, Wiley, 7th ed. Vol. 1, p. 490 ff.
Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 295–318
Webmineral Dana Oxides
Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel & Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21: 1073–1080. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994.
Nickel, Ernest H.; Nichols, Monte C. (March 2009). "IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC.
Ferraiolo, Jim. "Nickel–Strunz (Version 10) Classification System". webmineral.com.

IMA–CNMNC / Nickel–Strunz IDs Mineral categories (classes, subclasses, divisions)

"Elements"	"Native Elements" (IDs 1)

"Sulfides and oxides"	Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F) Sulfosalts (IDs 2.G–M) Oxides (IDs 4.A–E, e.g. pyrochlore supergroup and corundum group) Hydroxides (IDs 4.F–G) "Arsenites", "sulfites" and iodates (IDs 4.J–K) Tellurium oxysalts Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)

"Evaporites and similars"	Carbonates (IDs 5.A–E) Nitrates (IDs 5.N) Borates (IDs 6) Halides (IDs 3)

"Mineral structures with tetrahedral units" (sulfate anion, phosphate anion, silicon, carbon, etc.)	Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates) Sulfates (IDs 7.A–E) Thiosulfates (IDs 7.J) Chromates (IDs 7.F) Molybdates, wolframates, niobates (IDs 7.G–H) Phosphates (IDs 8) Arsenates, vanadates (IDs 8) Monomeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A) Germanates (IDs 9.J) Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates Zeolite frameworks, zeolite family (IDs 9.G) Other zeolitic frameworks, nepheline and cancrinite-sodalite groups (IDs 9.FB. and 9.FA.05) Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. feldspars) Other silicate frameworks Cyclosilicates (IDs 9.C) Phyllosilicates (IDs 9.E, e.g. clays) Silica family (IDs 4.DA.) Inosilicates Single chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. pyroxenes) Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. amphiboles) Other non monomeric minerals Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H) Sorosilicates (IDs 9.B, e.g. epidote and seidozerite supergroups) Non monomeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A, e.g. olivine and gadolinite supergroups) Other inorganic polymers (e.g. polyoxometalates; "polyphosphates", IDs 8.F) Organic compounds Organic minerals (IDs 10)

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