Patriot Parliament
The Patriot Parliament is the name given to the session of the Irish Parliament called by King James II of Ireland during the War of the Two Kings in 1689. The parliament met in one session, from 7 May 1689 to 20 July 1689, and was the only session of the Irish Parliament under King James II.
The Irish House of Lords had Lord Fitton as Lord Chancellor of Ireland on the woolsack. The Irish House of Commons elected Sir Richard Nagle as its Speaker.
The previous session of the Irish parliament had been in 1666.
Name
The name "Patriot Parliament" was first used in 1893 by Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, an Irish nationalist historian, in his edition of essays by his old friend Thomas Davis.[1][2] In 1843 Davis himself had described the parliament as a "patriot Senate" in his essay "The Irish Parliament of James II".[3]
Legislation
The Act of Recognition was the first act of Parliament. It recognised James's right to the Imperial Crown of Ireland. It compared the usurpation by the Prince of Orange to the murder of James' father King Charles I, emphasized indefeasible hereditary rights, and asserted that the monarchy was founded on the Divine right of kings, not the result of any supposed contract between a king and his subjects.[4]
The Declaratory Act affirmed that the Kingdom of Ireland had always been "distinct" from that of England, and that no Act of the English Parliament was binding on Ireland unless ratified by the Irish Parliament.[5][6] However, Poynings' Law remained as statute law.[7]
Parliament also passed legislation or resolutions for additional purposes:
- Liberty of Conscience. Parliament granted full freedom of worship and civic and political equality for Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters, and repealed the requirement of the Oath of Supremacy, but retained the Act of Uniformity. James sought the abolition of penalties against liberty of conscience but did not seek to remove himself as head of the Church of Ireland.[8]
- Repeal of the 1652 Cromwellian land settlement, and the Act of Settlement 1662. This returned all lands forfeited in 1652 to the descendants of the former owners at the time of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
- A Bill of attainder. "An Act for the Attainder of Divers Rebels, and for the Preserving the Interest of Loyal Subjects" named 2,000 Williamites as traitors, being opponents of James II, who were to lose their property and their lives.[9][10]
Firth wrote that King James was opposed to the last two measures, but was "overborne by Tyrconnell and the Irish nationalists".
Repeals
All legislation by the Patriot Parliament was declared void by the Parliament of England in the "Crown and Parliament Recognition Act 1689".[11] This act was also passed by the next Irish Parliament in 1692.[12]
Composition
The Parliament was overwhelmingly Old English and Roman Catholic,[13] however, Church of Ireland Bishops retained their place as the Lords Spiritual in the House of Lords. A number of members served in James' Irish Army in the ensuing Williamite War in Ireland, with several of them losing their lives during the fighting.
Lords
The members of the House of Lords were:[14]
| Name | Title |
|---|---|
| Boyle, MichaelMichael Boyle | Armagh, Archbishop ofArchbishop of Armagh |
| MacDonnell, AlexanderAlexander MacDonnell | Antrim, Earl ofEarl of Antrim |
| Nugent, RichardRichard Nugent | Westmeath, Earl ofEarl of Westmeath |
| Barry, RichardRichard Barry | Barrymore, Earl ofEarl of Barrymore |
| Richard or Charles Lambart[15] | Cavan, Earl ofEarl of Cavan |
| MacCarty, DonoughDonough MacCarty | Clancarty, Earl ofEarl of Clancarty |
| Power, RichardRichard Power | Tyrone, Earl ofEarl of Tyrone |
| Aungier, FrancisFrancis Aungier | Longford, Earl ofEarl of Longford |
| Forbes, ArthurArthur Forbes | Granard, Earl ofEarl of Granard |
| Dongan, WilliamWilliam Dongan | Limerick, Earl ofEarl of Limerick |
| Preston, JenicoJenico Preston | Gormanston, ViscountViscount Gormanston |
| Butler, RichardRichard Butler | Mountgarret, ViscountViscount Mountgarret |
| Dillon, TheobaldTheobald Dillon | Dillon of Costello-Gallen, ViscountViscount Dillon of Costello-Gallen |
| Netterville, NicholasNicholas Netterville | Netterville of Dowth, ViscountViscount Netterville of Dowth |
| Magennis, BryanBryan Magennis | Magennis of Iveagh, ViscountViscount Magennis of Iveagh |
| Sarsfield, DominickDominick Sarsfield | Sarsfield of Killmallock, ViscountViscount Sarsfield of Killmallock |
| Bourke, TheobaldTheobald Bourke | Mayo, ViscountViscount Mayo |
| Butler, PiercePierce Butler | Ikerrin, ViscountViscount Ikerrin |
| O'Dempsey, MaximilianMaximilian O'Dempsey | Clanmalier, ViscountViscount Clanmalier |
| Barnewall, NicholasNicholas Barnewall | Barnewall of Kingsland, ViscountViscount Barnewall of Kingsland |
| Butler, PiercePierce Butler | Galmoye, ViscountViscount Galmoye |
| O'Brien, DanielDaniel O'Brien | Clare, ViscountViscount Clare |
| Parsons, RichardRichard Parsons | Rosse, ViscountViscount Rosse |
| Bourke, UlickUlick Bourke | Galway, ViscountViscount Galway |
| Browne, ValentineValentine Browne | Kenmare, ViscountViscount Kenmare |
| MacCarty, JustinJustin MacCarty | Mountcashell, ViscountViscount Mountcashell |
| Dopping, AnthonyAnthony Dopping | Meath, Bishop ofBishop of Meath |
| Hopkins, EzekielEzekiel Hopkins | Derry, Bishop ofBishop of Derry |
| Otway, ThomasThomas Otway | Ossory, Bishop ofBishop of Ossory |
| Digby, SimonSimon Digby | Limerick, Bishop ofBishop of Limerick |
| Wetenhall, EdwardEdward Wetenhall | Cork, Bishop ofBishop of Cork |
| Smyth, WilliamWilliam Smyth | Raphoe, Bishop ofBishop of Raphoe |
| Tennison, RichardRichard Tennison | Killala, Bishop ofBishop of Killala |
| Bermingham, EdwardEdward Bermingham | Athenry, BaronBaron Athenry |
| de Courcy, AlmericAlmeric de Courcy | Kingsale, BaronBaron Kingsale |
| Fitzmaurice, WilliamWilliam Fitzmaurice | Kerry, BaronBaron Kerry |
| Fleming, ChristopherChristopher Fleming | Slane, BaronBaron Slane |
| Saint Lawrence, ThomasThomas St Lawrence | Howth, BaronBaron Howth |
| Barnewall, MatthiasMatthias Barnewall | Trimlestown, BaronBaron Trimlestown |
| Plunkett, ChristopherChristopher Plunkett | Dunsany, BaronBaron Dunsany |
| Butler, PiercePierce Butler | Dunboyne, BaronBaron Dunboyne |
| Fitzpatrick, BarnabyBarnaby Fitzpatrick | Upper Ossory, BaronBaron Upper Ossory |
| Plunkett, MatthewMatthew Plunkett | Louth, BaronBaron Louth |
| Bourke, WilliamWilliam Bourke | Bourke of Castleconnell, BaronBaron Bourke of Castleconnell |
| Butler, TheobaldTheobald Butler | Cahir, BaronBaron Cahir |
| Bourke, TheobaldTheobald Bourke | Bourke of Brittas, BaronBaron Bourke of Brittas |
| Blayney, Henry VincentHenry Vincent Blayney | Blayney of Monaghan, BaronBaron Blayney of Monaghan |
| Malone, DermotDermot Malone[16] | Glean-O'Mallun and Courchy, BaronBaron Glean-O'Mallun and Courchy (This title had probably been extinct since about 1641.) |
| Maguire, RogerRoger Maguire[17] | Maguire of Enniskillen, BaronBaron Maguire of Enniskillen (This title had been forfeit since 1645.) |
| Hamilton, ClaudClaud Hamilton Earl of Abercorn in the peerage of Scotland | Hamilton of Strabane, BaronBaron Hamilton of Strabane |
| King, RobertRobert King | Kingston, BaronBaron Kingston |
| Bellew, JohnJohn Bellew | Bellew of Duleek, BaronBaron Bellew of Duleek |
| Fitton, AlexanderAlexander Fitton Lord Chancellor | Fitton of Gawsworth, BaronBaron Fitton of Gawsworth |
| Bourke, JohnJohn Bourke | Bourke of Bophin, BaronBaron Bourke of Bophin |
| Nugent, ThomasThomas Nugent Lord Chief Justice | Nugent of Riverston, BaronBaron Nugent of Riverston |
Commons
The MPs in the House of Commons were:
| County Antrim | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antrim County | Cormuck O'Neale | Randal Mac Donnell | ||
| Belfast | Marcus Talbot | Daniel O'Neale | ||
| County Armagh | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Armagh County | Francis Stafford | Constantine O'Neale | ||
| County Carlow | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Carlow Borough | Marcus Baggot | John Warren | ||
| Carlow County | Dudley Bagenal | (1638–1712) | Henry Luttrell (Jacobite commander) | (d. 1717) |
| Old Leighlin | Darby Long | Daniel Doran | ||
| County Cavan | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Belturbet | Sir Edward Tyrrel Bt. | Philip Tuite | Newcastle, County Cavan | |
| Cavan Borough | Philip Oge O'Reyly | Hugh Reily | Lara | |
| Cavan County | Philip Reyley | Aghnecrevy | John Reyly | Garirobuck |
| County Clare | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Clare County | Daniel O'Brien | John MacNamara | Crattlagh | |
| Ennis | Florence MacNamara | Dromod | Theobald Butler | Shrangaloon |
| County Cork | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Cork City | Sir James Fitz Edmond Cotter | knight | John Galloway | |
| Cork County | Justin Mac Carthy | Sir Richard Nagle | Clogher, knight | |
| Kinsale | Andrew Murrogh | Miles de Coursey | ||
| Baltimore | Daniel O'Donovan (MP Baltimore) | Jeremiah O'Donovan | ||
| Bandonbridge | Charles Mac Carthy | Ballea | Daniel Mac Carthy | MacCarthy Reagh |
| Charleville | John Baggot, Sr. | Baggotstown | John Power | Killballane |
| Clonakilty (also Cloghnakilty) | Lt.-Col. Owen McCarthy | Daniel Fionn McCarthy | ||
| Doneraile | Daniel O'Donovan, Esq. (MP Doneraile) | John Baggot, Jr. | Baggotstown | |
| Midleton | Dermod Long | John Long | ||
| Mallow (also Moyallow) | John Barret | Castlemore | David Nagle | Carragowne |
| Rathcormack | James Barry | Edward Powel | ||
| Youghal | Thomas Uniack | alderman | Edward Gough | alderman |
| County Dublin | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dublin City | Sir Michael Creagh | Lord Mayor of Dublin, knight | Terence Dermot, Sr. | alderman |
| Dublin County | Simon Luttrell | Luttrellstowne | Patrick Sarsfield | Lucan |
| Newcastle | Thomas Arthur | Colganstown | John Talbot | Belgard |
| Swords | Francis Barnwall | Woodparke, Co. Meath | Robert Russell | Drynham |
| Dublin University | Sir John Meade | knight | Joseph Coghlan | |
| County Down | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Down County | Murtogh Mac Gennis | Green-Castle | Ever Mac Gennis | Castlewellan |
| Killyleagh (also Killileagh) | Bernard Mac Gennis | Ballygorianbeg | Torl O'Neile | Drummekelly |
| Newry | Rowland White | Rowland Savage | ||
| County Galway | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athenry | James Talbot | Mount Talbot | Charles Daly | Dunsandle |
| Galway Borough | Oliver Martin | John Kirwan | ||
| Galway County | Sir Ulick Burke | Glinsk | Sir Walter Blake | |
| Tuam | James Lally | Tullindaly | William Bourk | Carrowfrila |
| County Kerry | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Ardfert | Col. Roger MacElligot | Cornelius Mac Gillicuddy | ||
| Dingle (also Dingle Icouch) | Edward Rice FitzJames | Ballinelig, County Limerick | John Hussey | Culmullin |
| Kerry County | Nicholas Brown | Sir Thomas Crosby | knight | |
| Tralee | Maurice Hussey | Kerrys | James Hackett | alderman |
| County Kildare | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athy | William FitzGerald | William Archbold | ||
| Harristown | James Nihell | Edmond FitzGerald | ||
| Kildare Borough | Francis Leigh | Robert Porter | ||
| Kildare County | John Wogan | George Aylmer | ||
| Naas | Walter Lord Dungan | Charles White | ||
| County Kilkenny | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Callan | Walter Butler | Thady Meagher | ||
| Gowran | Colonel Robert Fielding | womaniser | Walter Kelly | doctor of physick |
| Inistioge | Edward FitzGerald | James FitzGerald | ||
| Kilkenny City | John Rooth | Mayor | James Bryan | alderman |
| Kilkenny County | John Grace | Courtstown | Robert Walsh | Cloneneassy |
| Knocktopher | Harvey Morres | Henry Meagh | ||
| Thomastown | Robert Grace Sr. | Robert Grace Jr. | ||
| King's County (Offaly) | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Banagher | Terence Coghlan | Esq. | Terence Coghlan | gent. |
| King's County | Heward Oxburgh | Owen Carrol | ||
| Philipstown | John Connor | Heward Oxburgh | ||
| County Leitrim | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Jamestown | Alexander Mac Donnell | William Shanley | ||
| Leitrim | Edmond Reynolds | Iriel Farrell | ||
| County Limerick | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Askeaton | John Bourke | Cahirmoyhill | Edward Rice | |
| Kilmallock | Sir William Hurley, Bt. | John Lacy | ||
| Limerick City | Nicholas Arthur | alderman | Thomas Harrold | alderman |
| Limerick County | Sir John FitzGerald, Bt. | Gerald FitzGerald | Knight of Glin | |
| County Longford | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Lanesborough | Oliver FitzGerald | Roger Farrell | ||
| Longford County | Roger Farrell | Robert Farrell | ||
| St Johnstown | Sir William Ellis | knight | Lt.-Col. James Nugent | |
| County Louth | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Ardee | Hugh Gernon | John Babe | ||
| Carlingford | Christopher Peppard FitzIgnatius | Bryan Dermot | ||
| Dundalk | Robert Dermot | John Dowdall | ||
| Drogheda | Henry Dowdall | recorder | Christopher Peppard FitzGeorge | alderman |
| Louth | Thomas Bellew | William Talbot | ||
| County Mayo | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Castlebar | John Bermingham | portreeve | Thomas Bourke | |
| Mayo County | Gerald Moore | Walter Bourke | ||
| County Meath | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athboy | John Trynder | Robert Longfield | ||
| Kells | Patrick Everard | John Delamare | ||
| Meath County | Sir William Talbot, Bt. | Sir Patrick Barnwall, Bt. | ||
| Navan | Christopher Cusack | Corballis | Christopher Cusack | Rathaldran |
| Ratoath | John Hussey | James FitzGerald | ||
| Trim | Capt. Nicholas Cusacke | Walter Nangle | ||
| County Monaghan | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Bryan Mac Mahon | Hugh Mac Mahon | |||
| Queen's County (Laois) | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Ballynakill | Sir Gregory Byrne, Bt. | Oliver Grace | Chief Remembrancer of the Exchequer | |
| Maryborough | Pierce Bryan | Thady FitzPatrick | ||
| Portarlington | Sir Henry Bond, Bt. | Sir Thomas Hacket | knight | |
| Queen's County | Sir Patrick Trant | knight | Edmond Morres | |
| County Roscommon | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Boyle | Capt. John King | Terence Mac Dermot | alderman | |
| Roscommon Borough | John Dillon | John Kelly | ||
| Roscommon County | Charles Kelly | John Bourke | ||
| County Sligo | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Sligo Borough | Terence Mac Donogh | James French | ||
| Sligo County | Henry Crofton | Longford House, Beltra | Oliver O'Gara | |
| County Tipperary | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Cashel | Denis Kearny | alderman | James Hackett | alderman |
| Clonmel | Nicholas White | alderman | John Bray | alderman |
| Fethard | Sir John Everard, Bt. | James Tobin | Fethard | |
| Tipperary | Nicholas Purcell | Loughmore | James Butler | Graingebegg |
| County Tyrone | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dungannon | Arthur O'Neale | Peter Donnelly | Dungannon | |
| Strabane | Christopher Nugent | Daniel Donnelly | ||
| Tyrone | Colonel Gordon O'Neale | Lewis Doe | Dungannon | |
| County Waterford | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Dungarvan | John Hore | Martin Hore | ||
| Waterford City | John Porter | Nicholas FitzGerald | ||
| Waterford County | John Power | Matthew Hore | ||
| County Westmeath | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Athboy | John Nugent | Donore | Christopher Nugent | Dardistown |
| Athlone | Edmond Malone | Ballynahoune | Edmond Malone | counsellor at law |
| Fore (also Fowre) | Patrick Everard | John Delamare | ||
| Kilbeggan | Bryan Geoghegan | Donore | Charles Geoghegan | Syonane |
| Mullingar | Gerald Dillon | prime sergeant | Edmond Nugent | Carlanstowne |
| Westmeath County | William Nugent | Hon. Col. Henry Dillon | ||
| County Wexford | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Bannow | Francis Plowden | Dr. Alexius Stafford | ||
| Clonmines (also Cloghmine) | Edward Sherlock | Dublin City | Nicholas White | Rosse, merchant |
| Enniscorthy | James Devereux | Carigmenan | Arthur Waddington | portreeve |
| Fethard | Rt Hon. Col. James Porter | Capt. Nicholas Stafford | ||
| Gorey (also Newburgh) | Abraham Strange | Toberduffe | Richard Doyle | Kilcorky |
| New Ross | Luke Dormer | Richard Butler | ||
| Taghmon | George Hore | Polehore | Walter Hore | Harperstown |
| Wexford Borough | William Talbot | Francis Rooth | merchant | |
| Wexford County | Walter Butler | Monfin | Patrick Colclough | Mochury |
| County Wicklow | ||||
| Constituency | First Member | Notes | Second Member | Notes |
| Blessington | James Eustace | Maurice Eustace | ||
| Carysfort | Hugh Roe Byrne | Pierce Archbold | (upon default of whose appearance Bartholomew Polewhele) | |
| Wicklow Borough | Francis Toole | Thomas Byrne | ||
| Wicklow County | Richard Butler | William Talbot | ||
Later interpretation
That the Parliament had declared Ireland's autonomy was of interest to 19th century Irish nationalists, in particular the Young Irelander Thomas Davis[18] who wrote a history of the parliament as an inspiration to his fellow countrymen.[19]
References
Notes
- ↑ "The Nation" paper, essays in several issues, 1843 by TO Davis; reprinted in 1893 as The Patriot Parliament of 1689: With its statutes, votes and proceedings" Edited with an introduction by the Hon. Sir Charles Gavan Duffy.
- ↑ Bartlett, Thomas Ireland: a History Cambridge University Press (2010) p135
- ↑ Davis, Thomas Osborne (1843). The Irish Parliament of James II. CELT. University College Cork. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ↑ Harris, Tim Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p 439
- ↑ Harris, Tim Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p 444
- ↑ Simms, J.G. Jacobite Ireland 1685-91 Routledge and Kegan Paul (1969) p 80
- ↑ Bartlett, Thomas Ireland: A History Cambridge University Press (2010) p 135
- ↑ Harris, Tim Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p 441
- ↑ Firth, C. H. A commentary on Macaulay's History of England, republished by Routledge (London 1964), pp 211-212. Macaulay wrote there were 3,000 such attainders. History of England from the Accession of James the Second (London, 1855), pp 216-220, had said that t
- ↑ See also Butler, W. F. T. Confiscation in Irish History Talbot Press (Dublin 1917-1918), pp.215-216. "... if we follow King as corrected by Davis, between eighteen and nineteen hundred persons were attainted; and if we follow Harris, and a pamphlet cited by Davis as 'the List' the number may possibly be two thousand two hundred."
- ↑ Hill, Christopher. The Century of Revolution, 1603-1714 Routledge 2nd edition (2001) p256
- ↑ Text of Crown Recognition Act (Ireland) 1692
- ↑ Harris, Tim Revolution:The Great Crisis of the British monarchy 1685-1720 Allen Lane (2006) p437
- ↑ G.E.C., ed. Vicary Gibbs and H. Arthur Doubleday, The Complete Peerage, vol. III (1913) Appendix D.
- ↑ The Complete Peerage, vol. III, p. 117.
- ↑ John D'Alton, King James's Irish Army List, vol. II (1861) p. 413.
- ↑ King James's Irish Army List, vol. II, p. 182.
- ↑ Moody,T. W., Martin,F. X. & Byrne, F. J. A New History of Ireland, Volume 3: Early Modern Ireland 1534-1691 Oxford University Press (2009) p491
- ↑ Sullivan, Eileen A. Thomas Davis Bucknell University Press; New edition (1979) pp25-26 & passim
External links
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